Izihlahla ze-Elm engadini

I-Los izihlahla ze-elm Ziyizihlahla labo abahlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile abajwayele ukuzibona, kepha labo abahlala eningizimu bangajwayele ukujabulela ubuhle balolu hlobo oluhle kakhulu lwezitshalo, ngaphandle kwalezo ezisetshenziselwa i-bonsai. Zirustic kakhulu futhi ziyakubekezelela ukuthena kahle, kubenze kube inketho ekhangayo yokuba nayo engadini.

Njengomuthi omuhle ohlukanisa izulu opholile, ekwindla uma amazinga okushisa elungile, kungcolisa amaqabunga awo aphuzi noma abomvu kuye ngohlobo. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngezihlahla ze-elm?

Umsuka nezici zezihlahla ze-elm

Umsuka walezi zihlahla useYurophu, eMelika, uze ufike nase-Asia. Bahlala emahlathini izinkathi zawo ezihlukaniswayo, ngamahlobo aphansi nobusika obubandayo obunamakhaza. Ukuba sezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba ezihlukene, kwenza sikwazi ukukuqinisekisa lokho ingakhula kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi ngaphandle kwesihlabathi, futhi umelane nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezulu ngaphandle kwezindawo ezishisayo. Masikhumbule ukuthi izihlahla ezinamagagasi zinobunzima obuningi bokuphila endaweni lapho kungekho mehluko phakathi kwezinkathi zonyaka.

Ngokuya ngohlobo, ingakhula ifike ebangeni elingamamitha angama-30 noma amamitha ayi-10, kuthi umqhele ukwazi ukukala kusuka kumamitha ayi-6 kuye ku-10m. Singacabanga ukuthi akusona isihlahla esifanele izingadi ezincane, futhi ngesizathu esihle, kepha njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ibekezelela ukuthena kahle futhi leyo yinto okufanele uyicabangele ikakhulukazi uma ungenawo umhlaba omningi noma uma ufuna ukuthi ilawulwe. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kumele kuthathwe ukuze kungatshalwa eduze kwamapayipi ngoba izimpande zawo zingawaphula.

Izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-elm

Kunezinhlobo eziningi, okulandelayo kwaziwa kakhulu:

UGenus Ulmus

Ngabe izihlahla ze-elm "Yiqiniso" uma kunjalo. Bahlala engxenyeni enhle yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe: iYurophu, iSiberia, iJapane, kuze kufike eMexico. Ziyizihlahla ezinamakhanda noma ezinamakhasi amancane, eziphakemeyo njalo ezingaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-10.

I-Ulmus glabra

Kuyaziwa njenge montane elm noma i-mountain elm, futhi isihlahla esinqumayo esikhula ezifundeni zezintaba zase-Europe. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-40, futhi inomqhele ominyene kakhulu owakhiwe ngamaqabunga alula futhi angaguquki.

ulmus pumila

Waziwa ngokuthi I-elm yaseSiberia, isihlahla esinqumayo ukuthi ifinyelela kumamitha angama-25 ukuphakama. Indebe yayo incane futhi ivuleke kakhulu kunaleyo ye- U. glabrous, futhi iminyene kakhulu. Ikhula endle empumalanga yeSiberia, enyakatho yeChina, eNdiya naseKorea.

Ulmus omncane

El i-elm ejwayelekile noma i-negrillo isihlahla esinqumayo ukuthi, naphezu kwesibongo saso ingafinyelela kumamitha angama-40 ukuphakama. Ivela eYurophu, kufaka phakathi iSpain (ngaphandle kwaseziqhingini zeziqhingi lapho yethulwa khona futhi yaba yinto evamile), kanye naseNyakatho Afrika nase-Western Asia.

ulmus laevis

Kuyaziwa njenge ukuthuthumela elm, i-elm ehlukanisiwe noma i-elm emhlophe yaseYurophu. Yisihlahla esinqumayo esingamamitha angama-30-35 ukuphakama, enomqhele omncane ongaqondile futhi omncane.

UGenus Zelkova

I-Los UZelkova Zazalelwa eningizimu yeYurophu zifinyelela naseMpumalanga Asia, futhi ubude bazo buphakathi kwamamitha amabili (UZelkova sicula) kuze kube ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-35.

I-Zelkova parvifolia

Kuyaziwa nangokuthi Ulmus parvifolia (Leli okwamanje igama lesayensi elifanele, ngakho-ke empeleni liyingxenye yohlobo lwe-Ulmus hhayi iZelkova). Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Chinese elm, futhi iyinhlobo edabuka e-Asia, ikakhulukazi iChina, iJapane, iKorea neVietnam. Ifinyelela kumamitha angama-20, futhi ingaba luhlaza noma lube luhlaza okotshani ngokuya ngesimo sezulu.

UZelkova

Lesi isihlahla ongeke usithole emvelweni. Ngenye yamagama anikezwe i-cultivar ye- Ulmus parvifoliaubizile Ulmus parvifolia 'Nire-keyaki'. Ihlukile kohlobo lohlobo ngomqhele wayo, onabantu abaningi onamaqabunga amancane.

UZelkova serrata

Waziwa ngokuthi zelkova waseJapan, futhi ungowokuzalwa eJapane, Korea, empumalanga yeChina naseTaiwan. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-20, futhi sinomqhele ovulekile, onamagatsha anehlathi kakhulu.

Yini ukunakekelwa abakudingayo?

Uma ufuna ukuba ne-elm engadini, sincoma ukuthi ubheke lokho esizokutshela khona ngezansi:

Indawo

Izihlahla ze-Elm kumele zigcinwe ngaphandle, zitshalwe engadini. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu abafinyelela kubo, nokukhula kwabo ngokushesha, okuhle ukuwabeka emhlabathini ngokushesha okukhulu.

Indawo ekahle kuzoba lapho bethola khona ukukhanya kwelanga usuku lonke (noma ingxenye enkulu yalo), nokuthi bakuphi kude ngangokunokwenzeka namaphayiphi, imigodi egandayiwe, njll. Izimpande zabo zisakazeka kakhulu futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ziqinile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi zibe cishe amamitha ayi-10 (okungenani) kusuka kunoma yini entekenteke.

Ukunisela

Bangamelana nesomiso, kodwa zikhula kangcono uma ziniselwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, uma somile kakhulu futhi sifudumele, kungcono ukubanisela ngenkasa cishe amasonto ama-3-4 ukuze babukeke bemangalisa.

Ngesikhathi sokunisela, engeza amanzi adingekayo ukuze umhlaba ucwiliswe kahle, futhi ugweme ukumanzisa amaqabunga ngoba uma kungenjalo angasha lapho ilanga libahlasela.

Umhlaba

Izihlahla ze-Elm azifuneki. Zikhula ngisho nase-limestone ngaphandle kwenkinga. Kepha kunconywa ukuthi bavunde, nokuthi uma lina kakhulu noma izikhukhula, abahlali amanzi isikhathi eside.

Umbhalisile

Ungabakhokhela entwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo con Umanyolo wemvelo, kodwa empeleni akuyona into edingekayo inqobo nje uma umhlaba uvundile.

Izihlahla

Ngeluleka ngokungabatheni. Ubuhle bama-elms bulele ekuthweleni kwabo, esimweni sezibuko zabo, ebuhleni babo bemvelo. Manje, uma zinamagatsha owomile angasuswa ekupheleni kobusika.

Ukuphindaphinda

Zizalana ngokukhululeka okungajwayelekile nge imbewu, okumele ihlwanyelwe ekwindla ukuze ihlume entwasahlobo, kungaba emibhedeni yezimbewu ngaphandle uma isimo sezulu sibanda noma kubanda ebusika, noma ku-tupperware efrijini uma, kunalokho, kufudumele noma amakhaza ebuthakathaka kakhulu ( kuze kufike ku -2º).

Enye indlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokuzala i- ukubeka umoya, okumele ilungiswe entwasahlobo ukuhlukaniswa ngemuva kwehlobo.

Izinambuzane

Ama-Elms angaba nalokhu:

• Isizungu: ikakhulukazi, i- I-scolytus scolytus. Kubonakala ikakhulukazi kuzinhlobo ezindala noma ezibuthakathaka.
• U-Elm Galerucaizibungu zebhungane UGalerucella luteola amaqabunga adliwe, kusale imithambo kuphela.
• Amacimbi: yizibungu ezidla namaqabunga. Zisebenza kakhulu ehlobo. Kufanele zilashwe ngokushesha ngama-insecticide e-malathion.
• izivivinyo: ezinye izinambuzane, njenge UZeuzera pyrina, bahlaba isiqu, basenze buthaka kakhulu.

Izifo

Basengozini yokuthola amagxolo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ku- elm graphiosis. Kunama-elms athile aqinile (Ulmus parvifolia, kanye nezilimo ezithile ezifana ne-Autumn Gold), kepha i- ulmus pumila isibonelo inesikhathi esibi.

Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu ukugwema ukuthena nokugcina izihlahla zinamanzi amaningi futhi zinakekelwa.

Isibindi

Kuzoya ngohlobo, kepha onke amelana nesithwathwa aze afike ku -18ºC.

Yikuphi ukusetshenziswa abanikezwa kona?

Ama-elms yizihlahla ukuthi kutshalwa ngobuhle bazo. Njengezibonelo ezizimele, ziyizitshalo ezihlinzeka ngomthunzi, ngakho-ke ngokungangabazeki zihle kakhulu ukujabulela ihlobo elisensimini. Noma kunjalo, kufanele futhi kuthiwe basebenza kakhulu bonsai.

Ucabangani nge-elm? Ingabe unazo engadini yakho?