Ziyini izitshalo ze-angiosperm?

Izitshalo ze-Angiosperm ziyiqembu elikhulu kakhulu eMbusweni Wezitshalo. Bakwazile ukwenza ikoloni cishe wonke umhlaba, futhi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwabo. Yizo ezitshalwa kakhulu ezingadini, futhi lokho ... ngubani ongazithandi izimbali?

Ake sifunde kabanzi ngalezi zitshalo ezinhle: imvelaphi yazo, yini ezenza zikhetheke kangaka, nokuningi.

Umsuka nezimpawu eziyinhloko zezitshalo ze-angiosperm

Ama-angiosperms yizitshalo ezinezimbali nezithelo ezinembewu, okuyikho okubahlukanisa nama-gymnosperms. Zitholakala emiphakathini eminingi yezitshalo: izihlahla, i-cacti, iziphuzo ezinomsoco, izitshalo ezinomuthi, izihlahla, ... Kukho konke ngaphandle kwama-fern, ama-conifers, ama-cycads nobulembu. Bakwazile ukuzivumelanisa nokuhlala kuzo zombili izingwadule ezifudumele naseziqongweni eziphakeme; enhlabathini enesihlabathi kanye nelimestone.

Umsuka walezi zitshalo ezinelukuluku lokwazi utholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ngesikhathi seLower Cretaceous cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-145 edlule. Kancane kancane babesakazeka beya ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esisheshayo, kwaze kwaziwa ukuthi babethatha indawo yama-gymnosperms.

Yize kungaziwa ukuthi zivela ziphi izitshalo noma ukuthi zavela kanjani, ngenxa yezinsalela ezitholakele, singathola umbono wokuthi zaqala kanjani:

• Izinhlamvu zempova: okokuqala zazifana kakhulu nezama-gymnesperms (monocolporated), kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwavela okusanhlamvu okwengeziwe (i-tri-colpados, i-tricolporados ne-triporados).
• Kushiya: zokuqala zaziphelele, zifana nalezo zezitshalo ezi-monocotyledonous (ezifana namakhambi).

Ngokuba nezimbali ezincane, ezinemibala ecace bha, nangokuvikela imbewu ize iqede ukukhula, yenza kube lula ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo zihlume futhi ziqhubekele phambili.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo ze-Angiosperm namagama

Uma sibheka ukuthi ama-angiosperms angaba kanjani izihlahla, isihlahla, izintende, amakhambi, ama-bulb y abagibeli, singathola umbono wokuthi lolu hlobo lwezitshalo luningi kangakanani. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza lokhu kukhethwa kwamagama ezitshalo ze-angiosperm bekungelula, ngoba sonke sinokuthanda kwethu nezinto esizithandayo.

Noma kunjalo, kufanele wazi ukuthi lezo zinhlobo zikhethiwe ukuthi, ngaphezu kokuba nenani elikhulu lokuhlobisa, kulula ukuzinakekela nokuzigcina:

Isihlahla - UJacaranda mimosifolia

Kuyaziwa njenge i-jacaranda, i-jacaranda noma i-tarco, futhi isihlahla esinqumayo esidabuka eNingizimu Melika. Ingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-12 kuye kwayi-15, futhi umqhele waso uvame ukwakheka njengesambulela futhi ulinganise amamitha ayi-10-12 ububanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle. Amaqabunga a-bipinnate, aluhlaza okombala, futhi angama-30 kuya ku-50 cm ubude.

Iqhakaza entwasahlobo, ikhiqiza inqwaba yezimbali ezibubende eziqoqwe kuma-panicles. Kwesinye isikhathi ibuye iqhakaze ehlobo, kepha kakhulu. Isithelo sithatha isimo se-castanet futhi siqukethe imbewu enamaphiko.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -7ºC.

Isihlahla - Rough rose

Waziwa ngokuthi AmaJapan rose noma amaRamanas rose, uhlobo lohlobo olunameva lomdabu lwasempumalanga ye-Asia. Yakha ama-clumps aminyene phakathi kwamamitha ayi-1 kuye ku-1,5 ukuphakama, futhi ikhula amaqabunga aphinyiwe abe ngu-8 kuye ku-15cm ubude, aluhlaza.

Blooms kusuka ehlobo kuya ekwindla. Izimbali zawo zipinki okumnyama kokumhlophe, ububanzi obungu-6 kuye ku-9cm, futhi bunephunga elimnandi. Isithelo lesi siyisinqa esikhulu se-rose, esingu-2-3cm ububanzi, futhi sibomvu.

Ayikwazi ukumelana namakhaza kanye neqhwa kuze kufike ku -15ºC.

Umuthi wesundu - IPhoenix canariensis

Waziwa ngokuthi Isundu seCanary Island noma isundu seCanary Island, luhlobo lwesundu olutholakala eCanary Islands. Iqala isiqu esisodwa esingamamitha ayi-12-15 ukuphakama namasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-70 ububanzi, kuthweswe umqhele ngamakhasi ama-pinnate amamitha ayi-5 kuya kwangu-7 ubude, aluhlaza.

Iqhakaza entwasahlobo, ikhiqiza izimbali ezihlelwe ngama-inflorescence aphuzi we-axillary. Izithelo zinama-ovoid, angaba ngu-2-3cm ubude, anombala osawolintshi ophuzi, kuthi ngaphakathi sithole imbewu.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -7ºC.

Amakhambi - Zea mays

Yaziwa ngokuthi ummbila noma isitshalo sommbila, utshani bomdabu eMexico. Umjikelezo wayo wokuphila unyaka nonyaka, okungukuthi, uyamila, ukhule, uqhakaze uthele izithelo bese uyoma onyakeni owodwa nje. Ingafinyelela futhi idlule imitha elilodwa ukuphakama, futhi iba neziqu ezinamaqabunga ambalwa aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Iqhakaza entwasahlobo-ehlobo, ikhiqiza ama-inflorescence kuma-panicles aphuzi ngokuphuzi. Izithelo yilokho esikwaziyo njengesihlahlana, esakhiwe yimbewu noma izinhlamvu eziningi eziphuzi.

Ayimelani namakhaza.

Igilobhu - UTulipa sylvestris

Eyaziwa njenge-tulip yasendle, luhlobo lwe i-tulip Ekuqaleni isuka eYurophu ekwazile ukuzala e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika nase-Afrika. Ifinyelela ukuphakama okungafika kumasentimitha angama-50, futhi iveza amaqabunga e-arched, basal noma e-caulinar ombala oluhlaza okotshani.

Iqhakaza entwasahlobo, ikhiqiza izimbali eziphuzi noma eziwolintshi. Izithelo ziyi-capsule equkethe imbewu ecishe ibe yi-4mm.

Imelana nesithwathwa size sifike ku -10ºC; Kodwa-ke, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi ngemuva kokuqhakaza ingxenye yomoya (amaqabunga) iyoma, kusale kuphela isibani.

Climber - I-Wisteria sinensis

Waziwa ngokuthi i-wisteria noma i-wisteria yama-chinese, isitshalo esikhuphukayo nesinqumayo esigcwele eChina. Ingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-20 kuye kwayi-30, athuthukisa amagatsha anamandla futhi anamandla, kusuka kuwo amaqabunga aphikisiwe akhule afike ku-25cm ubude, futhi aluhlaza ngombala.

Iqhakaza phakathi nentwasahlobo, ikhiqiza izimbali ezimhlophe, noma ezinombala o-violet noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eziqoqwe ngamaqoqo ezilenga 15 kuya ku-20cm ubude. Isithelo lesi siwumbumbulu onsundu velvety brown 5-10cm, oqukethe imbewu ethile.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

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