Iyalin Araceae Ya ƙunshi kusan jinsi 100 da fiye da nau'ikan 3000, gami da tsire-tsire da yawa na yau da kullun a cikin noman cikin gida. Su ne monocots, amma suna da ganyayyaki masu ci gaba sosai, tare da hadaddun jijiyoyi, wani abu maras kyau a cikin wannan rukuni. Furewar ta, kodayake ya zama fure ne, a zahiri ana kiranta inflorescence spadix, kafa ta ƙananan ƙananan furanni kuma tare da wani spathe, farar launuka wanda ya bayyana kamar fure. Gabaɗaya, wannan spadix yana da flowersan flowersan furannin mata a gindin da aka kare da spathe sauran kuma furannin maza ne.
Yawancinsu sun fito ne daga yankuna masu zafi na Amurka, amma kuma ana iya samun su a yankuna masu dumi da tsohuwar duniya. Suna koyaushe tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, yawanci rhizomatous, amma dayawa daga cikin yankuna masu zafi sune masu hawa dutsen kuma suna iya ma sami tushe mai kauri wanda yakan tashi kamar wata mita. Wadanda ke cikin yanayi mai sanyi galibi kananan tsire-tsire ne ba tare da tushe mai iska ba (acaules) wadanda ke daukar lokacin mara dadi (saboda sanyi ko fari) a karkashin kasa. Hakanan ana samun shuke-shuke da yawa masu iyo a cikin wannan dangin. Nan gaba zamu ga halaye da kulawa na mafi kyawun tsire-tsire na iyali Araceae.
Kyakkyawan neman tsire don sa Yankuna masu girma. Yana da nau'o'in girke-girke da manya-manyan ganye, kamar su 'Borneo giant'. Tsirrai ne mai ɗan gajeren rhizome wanda daga ciki harbe da ƙwanƙolin iska ke girma wanda zai iya auna kusan kimanin 2m a cikin tsofaffin samfuran. Ganyayyaki, tare da ruwan wukake har zuwa kusan 2m, ana samun su ne kawai a ƙarshen kara sai kuma su kasance a tsaye, tare da fiye da ƙasa da santsi da alama jijiyoyin da alama. Suna da launin fata da spadix, amma sun yi ƙanƙanta idan aka kwatanta da sauran tsire-tsire don su zama masu sha'awar kayan ado. Sauran nau'ikan alocasia sun kasance ƙananan tsire-tsire, tare da ko ba da gajerun tushe ba. 'Yan ƙasar Philippines ko Taiwan, masu wahalar tabbatarwa tunda sun kasance suna noma shekaru da yawa.
Game da kulawarsu, a waje sun fi so koyaushe kasa mai danshi, da ɗan yanayin zafi, da haske bisa yanayin zafi. Tare da danshi mai muhalli wanda koyaushe ake kiyaye shi sama da 80%, suna iya kasancewa cikin cikakken rana, amma idan zasu kasance ƙasa, zai fi kyau a kare su daga rana yayin tsakiyar tsakiyar yini ko kuma zasu sha wahala ƙonewa. Amma saboda ba sa jure sanyi sosai, abin da ya fi dacewa shi ne a ajiye su a cikin gida aƙalla a lokacin hunturu, inda za su buƙaci matattarar ruwa mai ƙarancin ruwa ba wuce gona da iri ba.
An sanya shi azaman "fure mafi girma a duniya", ba da gaske fure ba ce amma fure ce, don haka bai cancanci wannan taken ba (furcraeas ko agaves sun zagaye shi sau dubu). Duk da haka, Yana fasalta wani spadix wanda zai iya girma zuwa kusan 3m tsayi, tare da manyan launuka masu launuka, suna mai da shi birgewa. Babu shakka mafi girman inflorescence na dukan iyali Araceae. Idan ya fure sai ya bada laulayi warin gawa don jan hankalin ƙudaje, manyan pollinators dinta. Lokacin da baya cikin fure (wanda yakai kimanin mako guda) ko kuma a cikin torpor, yana da ganye guda ɗaya wanda ya haɗu da girman abubuwa, wanda ya zama itace. A karkashin ƙasa yana da ɗan gajeren rhizome wanda ake kira corm wanda yake cinyewa kusan gaba ɗaya a furannin. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa zai iya yin fure a kowace shekara 3 zuwa 4 a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi (yawanci yakan ɗauki tsayi). Endemic zuwa Sumatra.
Yana da kusan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu ƙayyadaddun buƙatu, amma idan zaka iya bashi yanayin da yake buƙata, kulawarsa mai sauki ce. Ina ba da shawarar neman su a kan gidan yanar gizo na musamman, tunda zai ɗauki da yawa don bayyana su. Zan yi magana ne kawai game da abubuwan da zan saka a zuciya: sabanin sauran Amorphophallus, wannan tsiron baya buƙatar lokacin hutawa, amma saboda haka, yana buƙatar yanayin wurare masu zafi. Idan baku zama a yanayin yanayi mai zafi ba, dole ne ku ajiye shi a cikin babban greenhouse saboda girman da ya kai. Kawai shi corm na tsire na balagagge na iya ɗaukar nauyi fiye da 100kg, toara akan wannan nauyin takardar da kayan shafawa kuma kun saka kusan tan, saboda haka matsar dashi ba aiki bane mai sauki.
Idan kuna matukar sha'awar wannan nau'in, zaku iya yin gwajin. Ba shi da wahala a samo plantsan tsire-tsire na kusan € 20-50, kuma idan sun tsira daga gare ku, tuni za ku yi la'akari da abin da za ku yi da su lokacin da suka girma. Duk da haka, Ina ba da shawarar kowane nau'in jinsin. Dayawa suna da kamanni iri daya amma masu iya sarrafa abubuwa da yawa.
Anthurium da furanni (anthurium)
Shuka gama gari kamar yadda ake shuka tsire-tsire da kuma shirye-shiryen fure. Sha'awarsa ita ce buɗe spathes mai launi ja mai haske kuma tare da ƙwanƙolin filastik, daga inda launin fata mai launin rawaya yake fitowa. Ganyayyaki suna da sauƙi, tare da gefen gefe mai santsi da koren duhu, masu haske sosai. Ba su da rhizome amma suna da tushe na iska, kodayake yana da wahala a gansu cikin yanayi mai kyau tunda galibi suna mutuwa jim kaɗan bayan siyan su. A cikin wannan jinsi akwai nau'ikan da yawa da masu tarawa ke nema waɗanda sha'awarsu ta kasance doguwar rataye ganye masu tsawon mita da yawa. 'Yan ƙasar Colombia da Ecuador.
Kulawa da waje yana da rikitarwa tunda rana kai tsaye ta ƙone su kuma ba sa jure sanyiSabili da haka, a cikin yanayin canjin yanayi ana shuka shi ne kawai azaman tsire-tsire. Suna buƙatar substrate wanda ke riƙe a cikin ruwa amma yana malala sosai kuma yana da yanayi mai yawa, don haka matattarar duniya wacce aka gauraya a ɓangarori daidai da ɗaya daga cikin orchids na iya zuwa a hannu. Sauran nau'ikan galibi suna girma cikin gansakuka Sphagnum, don haka yana iya zama kyakkyawan zaɓi, amma yana da tsada sosai. Yana da mahimmanci a bar shi ya bushe gaba ɗaya tsakanin ruwan, in ba haka ba saiwoyin zasu ruɓe. Idan an ajiye shi a wuri mai sanyi a lokacin sanyi, bai kamata a shayar da shi ba sai dai idan ya ruɓe, tunda yana da sauƙi, amma abin da aka fi so shi ne a ajiye shi a wuri mai dumi, kamar ɗaki mai zafi, amma ba kusa da shi ba. . Yana buƙatar kasancewa a wuri mai haske, amma ba tare da rana kai tsaye ba. Idan kuna da guda daya kuma baza ku iya samun shi ya yi fure ba, yana iya zama saboda daya daga cikin wadannan dalilai.
Shuka mai ban sha'awa cewa yana ba da launi ga lambunanmu a lokacin sanyi. Yana da gajeriyar rhizome (corm) wanda daga ƙarshe ya rarraba, ya sami ƙarin shuke-shuke. Ba shi da tushe na sama, kuma gaba daya yana da ganye biyu ko uku kawai, wadanda ke bayyana yayin sanyi ya zo a lokacin kaka da bushewa bayan fure a farkon bazara (a baya idan rana ta same su), har zuwa faduwar da ke tafe. Ganyayyaki masu kusurwa uku ne, launuka kore mai duhu amma tare da alamar fari ko kuma koren jijiyoyi masu haske. An ƙirƙira inflorescence ne ta rufaffen fata, tare da ƙaramin spadix mai launin rawaya. Bayan fure, spathe din ya fadi, yana barin kyawawan 'ya'yan itacen jan, wanda yakan zama koda ganyen ya bushe. 'Yan ƙasar zuwa yankin Bahar Rum.
Dole ne su yi girma a waje, inda suke jure yanayin zafi a kasa -20ºC. Suna buƙatar matsayi mai inuwa mai kyau don haɓakawa yadda yakamata, kodayake zasu iya tsayayya da wasu rana (amma a rana da zaran yanayin zafi ya wuce 15-20ºC, ganyen zai bushe). Ba su da kyau tare da mai maye gurbin, idan dai koyaushe yana da ruwa. Har ma suna haƙurin ɗan ƙasa mai ɗan ruwa.
Mai kama da bayyanar da alocasias, amma gabaɗaya ƙarami ne cikin girma kuma ba tare da tushe na iska ba. Abin da ya bayyana kamar ƙirar ƙirar iska ce ainihin haƙiƙa ƙaryar ƙirƙira ce ta ɗakunan ganye. Ganyayyaki suna da gefuna masu santsi, kodayake suna da ɗan kaɗan, kuma sun fi na waɗanda ke zagaye alocasia. Nau'in al'ada yana da koren ganye masu haske, amma akwai nau'o'in noma masu launuka daban-daban. Suna da ɗan gajeren rhizome (corm) wanda daga ciki akwai ɗakuna masu yawa waɗanda ke samar da sababbin tsire-tsire a wani ɗan nesa, don haka za su iya zama ɗan cin zali. Yana da spathe mai launin rawaya mai tsayi wanda ya samar da koren kwati a gindinsa wanda ke kare furen mata. Spadix yana da launi mai launi. Da wani babban yankin rarrabawa a Asiya, wanda ke tabbatar da babban bambanci game da juriya ga sanyi tsakanin nau'ikan shuka daban-daban.
Kodayake ana iya girma a cikin gida, sha'awar waɗannan tsire-tsire suna girma a waje. Cultivars sun fi jure sanyi, kamar su 'Pink china' tsayayya da yanayin zafi kusa da -15ºC. A lokacin da suke girma suna bukatar ruwa mai yawa da kuma jure ruwa, amma a wurare masu sanyi, da zarar sashin iska ya bushe, idan kasar ba ta zubar da kyau ba to abu ne mai sauki ga corms su rube. Ga sauran, basu da laushi da nau'in ƙasa ko bayyanar rana, kodayake suna maraba da ƙasa mai ni'ima da ɗan inuwa.
Da hankula iyo shuka cewa "yana fitowa da kansa" lokacin da ka sayi wasu tsire-tsire na ruwa. A baya an haɗa shi a cikin danginsa, amma an ƙara shi kwanan nan Araceae. An rage shi zuwa micro-stem tare da wasu ganyayyaki da kuma tushe mai sauki, amma baya barin fitar da masu shayarwa cewa bayan wasu kwanaki sun sami 'yanci, saboda haka cin zali. Ba kamar sauran dangi ba, ba shi da ƙananan maganganu, kawai furanni masu sauki kusan rashin yuwuwar gani da ido. Ana iya samun sa a duk faɗin duniya, amma ana ɗaukar shi ɗan ƙasa ne kawai zuwa ɓangarorin Arewacin Hemisphere da Afirka. Babbar matsalarta ita ce ta rufe saman tabkuna, yana hanzarta aiwatar da aikin da ake kira maimaitawa wanda ya ƙare har ya ruɓe tabkin da lalata duk rayuwar da ke ciki.
A Sifen noman ta haramtacce ne saboda ana ɗaukar sa da lahani, kuma tabbas kuma a yawancin duniya. Bukatar su kawai shine su sami ruwa. Yana iya yin girma koda akan sashi ne idan yana da ruwa koyaushe, amma inda ya mamaye da gaske yana shawagi a cikin ruwa, musamman idan yana da abubuwan gina jiki da yawa. A cikin tafkunan babban abinci ne ga kifi da kunkuru, waɗanda ke kiyaye shi cikin kulawa. Juriyarsa ga sanyi ba a bayyane yake ba, amma har zuwa kusan -5ºC za su iya miƙa hannu, har ma su tsira suna cikin tarkon kankara. Ya fi son kasancewa cikin cikakken rana, amma yana goyan bayan inuwa.
Babban philodendron, tare da matsakaiciyar akwati mai kaifin nauyin manyan ganyayenta, kodayake tana ba da hanya. Ganyayyaki manya ne, masu siffar haƙarƙari tare da gefuna masu raɗaɗi, shuɗi mai duhu mai haske. Ba shi da rhizome kuma baya saba reshe. Tushenta ba shi da girma a kauri, don haka don tallafawa nauyi yayin da yake girma a tsayi, yana samarwa Tushen iska wanda ke zama amo a ƙasa ko don ƙulla wa gangar jikin bishiya da hawa. Spathe ɗan ƙaramin kore ne a launi kuma yana kewaye da duka spadix, wanda yake fari ne. 'Yan asalin Kudancin Amurka.
Ba za a iya jure sanyi da kyau baDuk wani sanyi zai kone ganyen, amma ba tsiro bane da yake yin kyau a cikin gida. Ana iya ajiye shi a waje a cikin watanni masu dumi kuma a tanada shi a cikin sanyi, amma abin da ya fi shine ba shi idan ba za ku iya sanya shi a ƙasa ba. Yana buƙatar maɓallin don kasancewa koyaushe ko ƙasa da danshi, kuma yana son ta zama mai wadata da ɗan asali. Yana jurewa cikakkiyar rana (idan akwai danshi mai zafi) da inuwa mai kusan rabi, amma ga ganyayyaki suna da launuka iri iri da haske, inuwar ta kusa tafi kyau.
Sauran iyo shuka, amma wannan yana da ingantattun ganye (har zuwa 20cm tsayi kuma 10cm faɗi), ƙaramin tushe da hadaddun tushe. Babban fasalin sa shine na bude letas, amma tare da murfin radial. Abubuwan da ke tattare da shi sune al'ada na gidan Araceae, amma kaɗan, tare da spathe da spadix da aka auna kawai milimita biyu, koren launi. Zanen gado yana maganin ruwa (Ba su jike ba, albarkacin gashin da ke lulluɓe su), kuma wannan yana ba su damar iyo, ta amfani da waɗanda ke ƙasa azaman jirgin ruwa. Hakanan suna tara iska don shawagi, amma ƙasa da sauran tsire-tsire masu shawagi. Babban nau'inta na hayayyafa shine ƙananan da yake samarwa kuma suna zama tare na ɗan lokaci. Ba ya mamayewa kamar sauran tsire-tsire masu iyo, amma har yanzu yana saurin hayayyafa. An samo shi a kusan kusan dukkanin wurare masu zafi na wurare masu zafi.
Ba doka a Spain kuma tabbas a wasu ƙasashe da yawa, saboda ana la'akari dashi cin zali. Yana buƙatar samun tushe a cikin ruwa kuma ya yi iyo, amma ba shi da taushi da nau'in ruwan. Abin ban tsoro ne kawai a cikin ruwa mai ƙoshin abinci mai gina jiki. Ba za a iya jure sanyi da kyau ba, duk wani sanyi yana kona ganyen. Yana buƙatar haɓaka cikin cikakken rana ko rabin inuwa.
Sauromatum magunan jini (voodoo lily)
Kyakkyawan shuka mai ban sha'awa amma ƙadan aka girka. Zamu iya la'akari da shi a matsayin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsalle da a Amorphophallus. Ganyayyaki, wadanda a al'ada suke da guda ɗaya ko biyu a lokaci guda, suna da fasali mai wahalar bayyanawa. Ganye ne masu haɗuwa wanda aka sanya ta da "kambi" na koren takardu waɗanda ke haɗe da petiole na tsaye tare da tabon ruwan kasa. Furewa, bayyana gaban ganye koda ba a shuka gawar ba kuma yana bayarda wani wari mara dadi, ana kirkireshi ne ta wani dogon fage mai launin maroon a waje da koren mai dauke da jajaye a ciki, wanda yake rufe furannin mata. Spadix fari ne a bangaren mace kuma maroon ne a bangaren namiji, kuma yana da tsayi sosai. Idan ya zama ba shi da kyau, yana yin 'ya'yan itace mai kama da blackberry wanda ya kasance a matakin ƙasa. Tana zaune a yankuna masu zafi na Afirka da Asiya.
Dole ne a girma a waje domin ya girma sosai. Yana buƙatar matattara tare da magudanar ruwa mai kyau kuma zai iya zama mai ruwa, amma dole ne a koyaushe a sanya shi laushi yayin da yake da furanni ko ganye. A lokacin kaka, lokacin da sashin iska ya bushe, dole ne a kiyaye shi a bushe, in ba haka ba yana da sauƙi ga corm ɗin ya ruɓe. Idan ya isa ya yi fure, to yana yin sa a farkon bazara. Furen yana buɗewa ne kawai na kwana ɗaya kuma bayan bushewa ganye ya fito. Yana iya fitar da har zuwa ganye uku a shekara, kuma da zarar ya bushe ya shiga cikin damuwa, zai iya jure yanayin zafi a ƙasa -15ºC. Ya fi son zama a cikin inuwa mai ɗan gajeren lokaci, kodayake yana rayuwa a cikin inuwa cikakke.
Ofaya daga cikin tsire-tsire masu tsiro a waje na wannan dangin. Yana da ganye tare da sifa irin ta iyali Araceae amma da ɗan ƙarin elongated. Fuskokin sa suna da farin spathe da spadix mai launin rawaya, kuma suna sakin ƙanshi mai daɗi. Yana gabatar da kayan kwalliya da yawa tare da siraran ganye da spathe na launuka daban-daban. Babban nau'in shuka, 'Hercules', na iya yin girma zuwa sama da 2m tsayi kuma yana da manyan ganyaye da inflorescences. Yana da ɗan rhizome mai ɗan tsayi fiye da sauran tsirrai na dangi, amma bashi da tushe na iska. Abin da ya zama tushe shi ne ainihin ƙaryar da aka ƙirƙira ta ɗakunan ganye. Abin sani kawai yana da tushe na gaskiya lokacin da yake fure. 'Yan ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu, duk da cewa an wayi gari a ƙasashe da yawa na duniya.
Abu ne mai sauƙin kulawa, yana jure kowane irin ƙasa, daga ɗumbin ruwa har ya bushe sosai, kuma zai iya kasancewa a cikin cikakkun rana da cikakken inuwa, kodayake ya fi son inuwa-rabi. Jure yanayin zafi kusa -10ºC, kodayake ya danganta da irin shuka.
Noma galibi kamar shuke-shuken gida, ya sha bamban da sauran dangi. Ganyayyakinsa haɗuwa ce, wato, su abin da ya zama kamar ƙirar ƙirar iska shine ainihin rachis ɗin ganye, daga abin da takaddun ke fitowa. Wannan rachis yana da kauri sosai don tara ruwa. Tushenta na gaskiya yana ƙarƙashin ƙasa (kodayake yana iya bayyana a cikin tsofaffin samfuran) kuma yana da ɗan tsayi mai tsayi mai tsayi tare da bayyanar sha'awa sosai. Abubuwan inflorescences suna da koren spathe wanda da farko yake kare spadix sannan kuma ya lankwasa baya, tare da farin spadix wanda ya hada da furanni masu bayyane, manya manya ta mizanin iyali. Babban amfanin wannan shukar itace launin duhu mai duhu da kuma hasken ganyenta. Akwai wata kwayar halitta da baƙar ganye. Sha'awa game da wannan itaciyar ita ce, ana iya sake ta kawai ta hanyar dasa ƙasidu, kodayake yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin ya fara toho. 'Yan ƙasar Afirka mai zafi.
Tsirrai ne mai matukar tauri wanda zai iya tsayayya da duk abin da aka jefa shi, kodayake ya fi son samfurin tare da magudanar ruwa mai kyau da haske mai kyau. A cikin gida yana iya girma kusan ko'ina inda ya sami ɗan haske, amma abin da ake so shine a sanya shi kusa da taga, wanda anan ne ya fi kyau. Idan an girma a waje ya fi so ya kasance a cikin inuwa mai tsayi, amma ya dogara da abin da muke so. A cikin cikakkiyar inuwa za ta sami ganye sama da 1m tsayi da duhu kore (duk da cewa ba su da haske kamar ɗaka a cikin gida), yayin da a rana mai cikakken rana za ta sami ganye sama da 10cm kawai, koren launi mai launi kuma mai tsananin kumburi rachis. Yana da mahimmanci a faɗi hakan baya jure wa sanyi.
Sauran sanannun nau'in wannan dangin sune adam haƙarƙari (Gidan dadi), da poto (epipremnum aureum) da kuma karinniya (Spathyphyllum bango), yawanci ana girma kamar shuke-shuke. Shin kun san cewa dukkanin wadannan tsirrai na dangi daya ne? Duk lokacin da kuka ga spadix mai kariya daga spathe, zaku san cewa wannan tsiron na dangi ne Araceae.
