Mhuri Araceae Inosanganisira dzinenge zana genera uye anopfuura mazana matatu emarudzi, kusanganisira akawanda akajairwa zvirimwa mune yekurima kwemukati. Vari monocots, asi ane mashizha akanyatsobudirira, ane tsinga dzakaomarara, chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika muboka iri. Kutumbuka kwayo, kunyangwe ichiita kunge ruva, iri inflorescence inonzi spadix, yakaumbwa na maruva mazhinji madiki uye inoperekedzwa ne spathe, iyo bract yemavara inoita kunge peturu. Kazhinji, iyi spadix ine maruva echikadzi mashoma pazasi rakachengetedzwa nespathe uye mamwe ese maruva echirume.
Vazhinji vanobva kunzvimbo dzinopisa dzeAmerica, asi vanogona zvakare kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzinodziya nepasi rekare. Vanogara vari herbaceous zvinomera, kazhinji rhizomatous, asi mazhinji eanopisa anokwira uye anogona kutova nehunde gobvu rinokwira mamamita akati wandei. Iyo yemamiriro ekunze anotonhora anowanzo kuve zvidyarwa zvidiki zvisina emuchadenga madzinde (acaules) ayo anoshandisa mwaka usingafadzi (nekuda kwechando kana kusanaya) pasi pevhu. Miti yakati wandei inoyerera inowanikwawo mumhuri iyi. Tevere isu tichaenda kuona hunhu uye kutarisirwa kweakanyanya kurimwa zvinomera zvemhuri Araceae.
Alocasia macrorrhiza (nzou nzeve)
Chirimwa chakatsvakwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwayo akawandisa machira. Iyo ine akawanda ma cultivars ane hofori mashizha, senge 'Borneo hofori'. Ndiwo muti une rhizome ipfupi kwazvo kubva kwadzinomera nehunde yemuchadenga inokwanisa kuyera kusvika pamamirimita maviri pakukwirira kwedzakare kare. Mashizha, ane mashizha anosvika kusvika 2m kureba, anongowanikwa pamagumo ehunde uye anowanzoita kunge akatwasuka, aine akadzika kana akasarudzika kumativi uye mamwe mitsetse yakatarwa. Vane machena machena uye spadix, asi idiki kwazvo kana tichienzanisa nechero chirimwa kuti chive chekushongedza kufarira. Mamwe ese emhando alocasia dzinowanzove zvidyarwa zvidiki, zvine kana zvisina mapfupi madzinde. Native kuPhilippines kana kuTaiwan, zvakaoma kuvimbisa sezvo vanga vachirima kwemakore mazhinji.
Kana vari ivo kuchengetwa, kunze kwavanoda nguva dzose ivhu nyoro, kwakati tembiricha yakakwira, uye kupenya zvinoenderana neyakaipisisa mwando. Nemhepo ine hunyoro inogara ichichengetwa pamusoro pe80%, vanogona kunge vari muzuva rose, asi kana vachizenge vari pazasi, zvirinani kuvadzivirira kubva kuzuva panguva yepakati pezuva kana kuti vangazotsva. Asi nekuda kwekuti havagone kumira nechando zvakanaka, chinhu chinowanzoitika ndechekuvachengetera mumba mukati mechinguva munguva yechando, uko kwavachazoda nzvimbo yekudonhedza uye kwete kudarika kunwisa.
Amorphophallus titanum (hofori hoop)
Akazadzwa se "ruva rakakura kwazvo pasirese", harisi ruva chairo asi inflorescence, saka haikodzeri zita iri (furcraeas kana agave vano tenderera kakapetwa kane chiuru). Kunyange zvakadaro, Iyo inoratidzira spadix iyo inogona kukura kusvika ingangoita 3m kureba, ine chihombe chine mavara, ichiita kuti chioneke. Hapana mubvunzo inflorescence yakakura yemhuri yese Araceae, ine spati chena-chena kunze uye toni dzakatsvuka mukati, uye yero yeyadhi ine maruva asingazivikanwe. Kana yatumbuka inopa kusvotwa chitunha kukwezva nhunzi, zvikuru mapollinator. Kana isiri mumaruva (iyo inogara kweinenge vhiki) kana mukugona, ine shizha rimwe rakaumbwa nematanho akakurisa, ayo anoita kunge muti. Pasi pevhu ine rhizome ipfupi inonzi corm iyo yainoshandisa zvachose pakuita maruva. Ichi ndicho chikonzero inogona kungoita maruva makore ese matatu kusvika mana pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka (zvinowanzotora nguva yakareba). Endemic kuSumatra.
Icho chiri pamusoro michero yakaoma kwazvo ine zvidikanwi chaizvo, asi kana iwe uchikwanisa kuzvipa iyo mamiriro azvinoda, kuchengetwa kwayo kuri nyore. Ini ndinokurudzira kuvatsvaga pane yakasarudzika webhusaiti, nekuti zvinotora zvakawandisa kuzvitsanangura. Ini ndichataura chete pamusoro pezvinhu zvekuisa mupfungwa: kusiyana nemamwe Amofophophasi, chirimwa ichi hachidi nguva yekuzorora, asi saka, inoda mamiriro ekunze. Kana iwe usinga gare mune inodziya mamiriro ekunze, iwe uchafanirwa kuichengeta mune hombe greenhouse nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hwainosvika. Simply iye corm yemuti mukuru inogona kurema inopfuura 100kg, wedzera kune icho huremu hweshiti uye substrate uye iwe unoisa munenge toni, saka kuifambisa harisi basa riri nyore.
Kana iwe uchifarira kwazvo iyi mhando, unogona kuita bvunzo. Hazvina kuoma kuwana zvidyarwa zvidiki zveinosvika € 20-50, uye kana zvikakupona, iwe unenge watofunga zvekuita nazvo kana vakura. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, ini ndinokurudzira chero imwe mhando yeiyo genus. Vazhinji vane chitarisiko chakafanana asi hukuru hwakawanda hunogadzirika.
vanhurium andreanum (anthurium)
Chirimwa zvakajairika sekudyara imba uye pakurongedzwa kwemaruva. Kufarira kwake ndiko kuzaruka kuzere kwemavara matsvuku uye nekapurasitiki, panobuda yero spadix. Mashizha acho akapfava, ane marara akatsetseka uye girini yakasviba, inopenya kwazvo. Ivo havana rhizome asi ivo vane yemuchadenga hunde, kunyangwe zvakaoma kuzviona muhukuru hwakanaka sezvo vachiwanzofa nguva pfupi mushure mekuzvitenga. Mukati meizvi mukadzi kune marudzi mazhinji anotsvakwa nevanounganidza avo vanofarira kureba kwayo kunosiya mashizha akati wandei kureba. Native kuColombia neEcuador.
Kuchengeta kwekunze kunonetsa sezvo zuva rakananga rinovapisa uye havashiviriri kutonhoraNekudaro, mumamiriro ekunze ane tembiricha inongokuzwa sekudyara imba. Vanoda substrate inochengeterwa mumvura asi inonyura mushe uye ine yakawanda aeration, saka yepasi rose substrate yakasanganiswa muzvikamu zvakaenzana neimwe yeorchid inogona kuuya inobatsira. Mamwe ese emhando anowanzo kurimwa mumoss Sphagnum, saka inogona zvakare kuve yakanaka sarudzo, asi inowanzo kuve inodhura kwazvo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti rega substrate iome zvachose pakati pekudiridza, zvikasadaro midzi inoora. Kana ikachengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera munguva yechando, haifanire kudiridzwa kunze kwekunge yaora, sezvo ichiora zviri nyore, asi chakanakira kuichengeta munzvimbo inodziya, senge imba inopisa, asi kwete padyo nayo. . Inofanirwa kunge iri munzvimbo yakajeka, asi isina zuva rakananga. Kana uine imwe uye usingakwanise kuita kuti ibude, zvinogona kudaro chimwe chezvikonzero izvi.
Arum italicum (mhete)
Chimiro chinonakidza icho inopa ruvara kumagadheni edu munguva yechando. Iyo ine pfupi rhizome (corm) iyo inozopedzisira yapatsanuka, ichiumba mimwe michero. Haina hunde yemuchadenga, uye kazhinji inongova nemashizha maviri kana matatu, ayo anoonekwa panouya kutonhora mumatsutso nekuoma mushure mekutumbuka mukutanga kwematsutso (pakutanga kana zuva rovarova), kudzamara kudonha kunotevera. Mashizha acho ari mativi-matatu, akasvibira akasvibira asi ane mavara akachena chena kana akasvibira mutsinga. Iyo inflorescence inoumbwa neyakavharwa kwazvo chena spathe, iine diki yero yeyadhi. Mushure mekutumbuka, iyo spathe inodonha, ichisiya yakanaka spike yemichero tsvuku, iyo inowanzo gara kunyangwe mashizha paoma. Native kudunhu reMediterranean.
Ivo vanofanirwa kukura kunze, uko kwavanoshivirira tembiricha pazasi -20ºC. Vanoda chinzvimbo chine mumvuri kuti vakure zvakanaka, kunyangwe vachigona kumira pane rimwe zuva (asi muzuva nekukurumidza kana tembiricha dzichidarika 15-20ºC, mashizha anooma). Ivo havana kusimba neiyo substrate, sekureba sekugara ichinyorova. Ivo vanotoregerera ivhu rakazara nemvura.
colocasia esculenta (colocasia, taro, taro)
Zvakafanana nechitarisiko kune alocasias, asi kazhinji idiki muhukuru uye isina eiri stem. Icho chinoita senge chemuchadenga stem chaicho pseudostem inoumbwa nemashizha sheaths. Mashizha ane mitsetse yakatsetseka, kunyangwe aine wavy, uye akatenderera kupfuura iwo e alocasia. Mhando yakajairwa ine mashizha akajeka egirini, asi kune akawanda marimi emarudzi akasiyana siyana. Ivo vane pfupi rhizome (corm) kubva maanobuda stoloni akawanda anoumba miriwo mitsva pane imwe nhambwe, kuti igone kuve inoparadza. Iyo ine yakasvibira yeyero spathe iyo inogadzira green sheath pazasi yayo inodzivirira hadzi maruva. Iyo spadix yakashongedzwa kirimu. Iva ne nzvimbo hombe yekuparadzira muAsia, iyo inoruramisa musiyano mukuru mukushora kutonhora pakati pemarimi ayo akasiyana.
Kunyangwe inogona kukura mukati, kufarira kwezvirimwa uku kuri kukura kunze. Miriwo inokurira kutonhora, senge 'Pink china' inomira tembiricha padyo -15ºC. Munguva yekukura kwavo vanoda mvura yakawanda uye vanoshivira kumisidzana nemvura, asi munzvimbo dzine chando, kana chikamu chemuchadenga chaoma, kana ivhu rikasabuda zvakanaka zviri nyore kuti macorms aore. Kune vamwe vese, ivo havana kuomarara nemhando yevhu kana kusvikirwa nezuva, kunyangwe vachikoshesa ivhu rakaorera uye nemumvuri.
Lemna mudiki (duckweed)
Zvakajairika chirimwa chinoyangarara iyo "inobuda yega" paunotenga zvimwe zvinomera zvemumvura. Yaimbove yakabatanidzwa mumhuri yayo, asi ichangobva kuwedzerwa Araceae. Inoderedzwa kuita micro-hunde nemashizha mashoma uye nyore mudzi, asi hairegi kuburitsa masucker ayo mushure memazuva mashoma ave kuzvimiririra, saka ndizvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya. Kusiyana nedzimwe mhuri, haina spadix inflorescence, zvakapusa maruva akareruka zvinoita zvisingaite kuona neziso rakashama. Inogona kuwanikwa pasirese pasirese, asi inongotariswa yemuno kumatunhu eNorth Hemisphere ne Africa. Dambudziko rayo hombe nderekuti rinofukidza pamusoro pemakungwa, richikurumidzisa maitiro anonzi eutrophication iyo inopedzisira yaodza dziva uye nekuparadza hupenyu hwese hurimo.
MuSpain kurimwa kwayo hakubvumidzwe nemutemo nekuti kunoonekwa sekukanganisa, uye zvirokwazvo zvakare mune yakawanda yepasi. Chavanongoda chete kuwana mvura. Inogona kukura kunyangwe pa substrate kana ichigara yakanyorova, asi painonyatsopinda iri kuyangarara mumvura, kunyanya kana iine zvinovaka muviri zvakawanda. Mumadziva ichi chikafu chikuru chehove nehove, izvo zvinoramba zvichitarisa. Kupokana kwaro nechando hakuna kunyatsojeka, asi kusvika kuma -5ºC vanogona kumira, kunyangwe kupona vachibatwa mubato rechando. Inofarira kuve muzuva rose, asi inotsigira mumvuri.
Philodendron bipinnatifidum (arboreal philodendron)
Huru philodendron, ine hunde gobvu repakati inokwanisa kutsigira huremu hwemashizha ayo makuru, kunyangwe ichizopera ichipa nzira. Mashizha acho akakura, akaita kunge mbabvu-nhivi ane micheto yewavy, inopenya girini yakasvibira. Haina rhizome uye hazviwanzo kuita bazi. Dzinde rayo rinoshaya kukura mukukora, saka kutsigira huremu hwaro sezvo richikura pakureba, rinoburitsa midzi yemumhepo ayo anoshanda sechibatiso pasi kana kusungira padanda remuti uye kukwira. Iyo spathe idiki diki yakasvibira muvara uye inotenderedza iyo yese spadix, inova chena. Native kuSouth America.
Haugone kumira zvakanakaChero chando chinopisa mashizha, asi hausi muti unoita zvakanaka mumba. Inogona kuchengetwa kunze mumwedzi inodziya uye yakavharirwa muchando, asi chakanakira ndechekuti usave nacho kana usingakwanise kuiisa pasi. Anoda substrate kuti agare achigara akanyorova kana zvishoma, uye anoifarira kuti ive yakapfuma uye zvishoma zvishoma. Iyo inobvumidza izere zuva (sekureba sekunge kune hunyoro hwakanyanya) uye semi-mumvuri, asi kuti iwo mashizha ave nehunhu hwavo hwehunhu uye kupenya, semi-mumvuri uri nani.
pistia stratiotes (lettuce yemvura)
Zvimwe chirimwa chinoyangarara, asi uyu ane mamwe mashizha akasimukira (anosvika 20cm kureba uye 10cm paupamhi), dzinde diki uye midzi yakaoma. Kuonekwa kwaro kwese kuri kweiyo lettuce yakavhurika, asi iine radial veining. Ma inflorescence ayo akajairika kumhuri yeAraceae, asi diki, ine spathe uye spadix inoyera chete mamamilimita mashoma, girini muvara. Iwo machira haana mvura (Havaite kunyorova, nekutenda kune vhudzi rinovafukidza), uye izvi zvinovatendera kuyangarara, vachishandisa aya ari pazasi seigwa. Ivo zvakare vanounganidza mumwe mweya kuyangarara, asi zvishoma pane zvimwe zvinomera zviri kuyangarara. Rudzi rwayo rukuru rwekubereka ndiyo stolons yainoburitsa uye vanogara pamwe kwenguva yakati. Haisi inokuvadza seimwe zvirimwa zvinoyangarara, asi ichiri kubereka nekukurumidza kwazvo. Inowanikwa munenge munzvimbo dzese dzinopisa uye dzinopisa dzemvura.
Zvisiri pamutemo kuSpain uye zvirokwazvo mune dzimwe nyika zhinji, sezvazvinofungidzirwa inopinda. Inofanirwa kuve nemidzi iri mumvura uye ichiyangarara, asi haina kusimba nerudzi rwemvura. Iyo inongoparadza chete mune inovaka-yakasviba mvura. Haugone kumira zvakanaka, chero chando chinopisa mashizha. Inofanirwa kukura muzuva rose kana semi-mumvuri.
Sauromatum venosum (voodoo lily)
Chimiro chinonakidza asi chakasimwa zvishoma. Tinogona kuzvitora senge repakati nhanho pakati pehombodo ne Amorphophallus. Mashizha, ayo anowanzo kuve neako kana maviri panguva, ane chimiro chakaoma kutsanangura. Iwo ari macomputer mashizha akaumbwa ne "korona" yemashizha egirini akasungirirwa kune yakamira petiole ine brown brown mavara. Inflorescence, kuoneka pamberi pemashizha kunyangwe corm isina kudyarwa uye inopa hwema hwakaora, iyo inoumbwa nehurefu hwakareba kwazvo hwemaroni yemaroni kunze uye yakasvibira ine mavara matsvuku mukati, ayo anocheka maruva echikadzi. Iyo spadix yakacheneruka mune yevakadzi chikamu uye maroon mune yechirume chikamu, uye yakareba kwazvo. Kana ikava poninized, inogadzira chibereko cheglobose chakafanana neblackberry chinoramba chiri pasi pevhu. Iyo inogara munzvimbo dzinopisa dze Africa neAsia.
Inofanira kukura kunze kuitira kuti ikure zvakanaka. Inoda substrate ine yakanaka drainage uye kuti igone kuve acidic, asi inofanirwa kugara ichichengetwa yakanyorova apo iine maruva kana mashizha. Mumatsutso, kana chikamu chemuchadenga chikaoma, chinofanirwa kuchengetwa chakaoma, zvikasadaro zviri nyore kwazvo kuti corm iore. Kana iri yakakura zvakakwana kuti ibude, inozviita pakutanga kwegore. Ruva racho rinongogara zuva rimwe chete rakavhurika uye mushure mekuomesa shizha rinobuda. Inogona kuburitsa kusvika pamashizha matatu pagore, uye kana yangooma ikapinda mune torpor, inogona kumira kutsetseka pazasi -15ºC. Iyo inofarira kuve mune semi-mumvuri, kunyangwe ichirarama mumumvuri wakazara.
Zantedeschia aethiopica (Cove, mvura yemaruva, gannet)
Imwe yemiti yakasimwa zvakanyanya yekunze yemhuri iyi. Iine mashizha ane chimiro chakajairika chemhuri Araceae asi yakati rebei. Ma inflorescence ayo ane chena spathe uye yero spadix, uye anoburitsa hwema inotapira. Inopa akawanda emarimi ane akaonda mashizha uye spathe yemavara ese. Iyo huru kwazvo chirimwa, 'Hercules', inogona kukura kusvika pamusoro pe2m kureba uye iine mashizha makuru uye inflorescences. Iine rhizome yakati rebei kupfuura mamwe ese emiti yemhuri, asi haina hunde yemuchadenga. Icho chinoratidzika kunge hunde chaicho pseudostem chakagadzirwa nemashizha sheaths. Iyo inongova nehunde rechokwadi painotumbuka. Native kuSouth Africa, kunyange hazvo yakave yakasarudzika mumativi mazhinji epasi.
Yakanyanya nyore kutarisira, inotsungirira mhando dzese dzevhu, kubva pakazara mvura kusvika kuoma zvakanyanya, uye inogona kuve mune izere zuva uye yakazara mumvuri, kunyangwe ichida semi-mumvuri. Inotonhora tembiricha padyo -10ºC, kunyangwe zvinoenderana nembeu.
Zamioculcas zamifolia (zamioculca)
Yakarimwa zvakanyanya se kudyara imba, akasiyana zvakanyanya nevamwe vese vemhuri. Mashizha awo akabatanidzwa mupini, ndiko kuti, ivo icho chinoita senge chemuchadenga chemuchadenga ndicho chaicho chiito cheshizha, uko kwakabuda tumapepa. Iyi rachis yakasimbiswa kwazvo kuunganidza mvura. Dzinde rayo chairo riri pasi pevhu (kunyange hazvo richikwanisa kubuda mumienzaniso yekare) uye irizhizhimu yakareba yakati rebei iine kutaridzika kwekuda kuziva. Iyo inflorescence ine yakasvibira spathe iyo inotanga kudzivirira iyo spadix uye ndokudzoka kumashure, iine chena spadix inoumbwa nemaruva anooneka zvakajeka, akakura zvakanyanya nemitezo yemhuri. Iko kufarira kukuru kwemuti uyu irima rakasvibira ruvara uye kupenya kwemashizha awo. Kune chirimwa chine mashizha matema. Kuda kuziva nezve chirimwa ichi ndechekuti chinogona kuburitswa nekungosima mapepa acho, kunyangwe zvichitora nguva yakareba kuti utumbuke. Native ku tropical Africa.
Icho chirimwa chakaomarara kwazvo chinogona kumira chero chakakandirwa pairi, kunyangwe ichisarudza substrate ine yakanaka drainage uye yakanaka luminosity. Mukati mayo inogona kukura chero kupi kwainogamuchira mwenje, asi chakanakira kuiisa padyo nepahwindo, kunova ndiko kwainokura zvakanyanya. Kana ichinge yakura kunze inofarira kuve mune semi-mumvuri, asi zvinoenderana nezvatinoda. Mumumvuri wakazara ichave nemashizha anopfuura 1m kureba uye nerima girini (kunyangwe isina kupenya senge mumba), nepo muzuva rakazara ichave nemashizha kungopfuura 10cm kureba, girini yakajeka muvara uye iine rachis yakazvimba zvakanyanya. Izvo zvakakosha kutaura izvozvo hairegereri chando.
Dzimwe mhando dzinozivikanwa dzemhuri iyi ndidzo adam rib (Inonaka monstera), the poto (epipremnum aureum) spatiphilian (Spathyphyllum walisii), inowanzo kukura seyakagadzika imba. Wanga uchiziva here kuti zvese zvirimwa izvi ndezvemhuri imwechete? Chero iwe paunoona spadix yakachengetedzwa ne spathe, iwe uchaziva kuti chirimwa ichi ndechemhuri Araceae.