Magnolia genus Inoumbwa nemiti nemakwenzi ane maruva anoyevedza: akakura, ane mavara akapfava asi akanaka kwazvo, uye nokunhuhwirira kunodhakisa. Pamusoro peizvozvo, iwo zvirimwa zvekare, sezvo zvakaonekwa makore anenge 100 miriyoni apfuura.
Ichi ichokwadi chinofadza, sezvo zvichizivikanwa kuti maruva nemhuka dzinotakura mukume zvakava nemhindumupindu yakafanana; kwete pasina, zvose zvinotsamira pane imwe: yekutanga kubereka mbeu, uye yekupedzisira kudyisa. Zvadaro, chii chinonyanya kuwanda ruvara rwemagnolia?
ruva ruvara nhoroondo
Kunyange zvazvo zvingatarisirwa kuti ruvara rwekutanga rwakaonekwa paNyika rwakanga ruchena, sezvo pasina iyo paisagona kuva nemamwe mavara, tsvakurudzo yesayenzi yakaratidza kuti yakanga iri pink yakajeka. Uyu ndiwo wavaiva nawo cyanobacteria, zvipenyu zvekutanga zvinokwanisa kuita photosynthesis zvakagara mumakungwa makore anopfuura mabhiriyoni 3.500 apfuura.
Anenge mamiriyoni 485 emakore apfuura, zvirimwa zvakatanga "kubuda" mugungwa uye kukunda Nyika. Pakutanga yaive algae, tevere mosses, fern, miti yakafanana nemiti Ginkgo biloba, uye gare gare, Anenge mamiriyoni 150 emakore apfuura, maruva ekutanga maruva akaonekwa, kusanganisira Magnolia.
Maprotagonists edu akatanga kushanduka kwavo munyika umo nyuchi dzakanga dzisati dzaonekwa, asi zvipembenene. Izvi zvipembenene zvine simba rinoshamisa, saka magnolia maruva akagadzira ma carpels akasimba uye anoyevedza zvakakwana kune zvipembenene izvi.
Nyuchi, zvipembenene zvinoona nyika mune ultraviolet mavara, zvaisazoonekwa kusvikira gare gare: anenge mamiriyoni makumi matatu emakore apfuura. Nokudaro, kusvikira panguva iyo maruva emagnolias aizova machena.
Ndeupi ruvara runonyanya kuzivikanwa rwemagnolias?
Manyoro ekutanga magnolia akawanikwa akadzokera kumakore angangoita mamirioni zana apfuura kana zvakadaro. Hameno kuti maruva avo aiva neruvara rwakaita sei panguva iyoyo, asi ndingatozvishingisa kutaura kuti akanga ari chena kana chena-pinkEya, aya ndiwo mavara avanawo nhasi.
Chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chezvose pasina mubvunzo chichena. Pamarudzi zana nemakumi maviri akarondedzerwa kusvika nhasi, mazhinji acho ane maruva machena, kana kuti ane mamwe machena-pink petals, akadai seanotevera:
denuded magnolia
Mufananidzo - Wikimedia / A. Bhawa
La denuded magnolia, unonziwo Yulan kana kuti Yulan magnolia, muti unodonha wakazvarwa kuChina. Inosvika mamita gumi nemashanu pakureba, uye matavi akawanda, kunyange kubva pachigadziko. Iine oval, mashizha akasvibira akajeka uye maruva machena anoyevedza. Izvi dzinomera pakupera kwechando, mashizha asati aita, uye dzakakurawo, inosvika masendimita gumi nenhanhatu pakufara.
magnolia fraseri
Mufananidzo – Wikimedia/Richtid
La magnolia fraseri zvakare inodonha. Inowanikwa kumaAppalachian, kuNorth America, uye inosvika pakureba ingangoita 10 metres. Iine mashizha akasvibira, ane chimiro chewavy, uye anowira muchando. Maruva ayo machena, anosvika 30 centimita muhupamhi, uye anoonekwa muchirimo. Tinogona kutaura kuti zviri nyore kuityaira neM. grandiflora, chete kuti inogara yakasvibira.
magnolia grandiflora
Mufananidzo - Wikimedia / SABENCIA Guillermo César Ruiz
La magnolia grandiflora, inongonzi magnolia kana magnolia, muti unogara wakasvibira wakaberekerwa kuNorth America, kunyanya kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUnited States. Sezvo tembiricha yakadzikama ipapo, haina chikonzero chekudonhedza mashizha ayo ese. Zvechokwadi, tiri kutaura pamusoro pemiti yakakura kwazvo, inogona kusvika mamita makumi matatu pakureba.
Iine mashizha akasvibira akasviba kudivi rekumusoro uye nechepazasi. Muchirimo inobereka maruva machena, anosvika 20 centimita muhupamhi, uye anonhuhwirira zvikuru.
magnolia hodgsonii
Mufananidzo - stories.rbge.org.uk
La magnolia hodgenii Uyu muti unogara wakasvibira wakaberekerwa kuSoutheast Asia, uko kuChina kunonzi Gai lie mu. Inosvika 15 metres pakureba, uye inogadzira ovate kana oblong mashizha anosvika 40 centimita kureba. Maruva haana kukura seaya emamwe magnolia, asi achiri nehukuru hwakanaka sezvo achiyera nezve 15-20 centimita muhupamhi..
magnolia kobus
Mufananidzo - Wikimedia / Bruce Marlin
La magnolia kobus Muti unodonha wakaberekerwa kuJapan unosvika 20 metres kureba. Icho chirimwa cherunako hukuru, chinotavi chinhambwe kubva pasi, chichigadzira korona yakafara, yakatenderedzwa uye yakanakisa. Maruva ayo machena, anosvika 12 centimita yakafara, uye anonhuwirirawo. Chinhu chimwe chete chinokanganisa ndechokuti kukura kwayo kunonoka zvikuru.
Magnolia pallescence
Mufananidzo - Flickr / Karen
La Magnolia pallescence, kana kuti ebhony yegirinhi, muti unogara wakasvibira unowanikwa muDominican Republic. Inosvika 19 metres pakureba, uye ine obovate kana denderedzwa rima rakasvibira mashizha. Maruva machena, anosvika 15 centimita yakafara..
Imhando iri munjodzi, sezvo huni hwayo husingachinji, ndicho chikonzero ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira makabati. Kudzivirira kunyangarika kwayo, muna 1989 Ebano Verde Scientific Reserve yeDominican Republic yakagadzirwa, ine nzvimbo ye23 square kilometers.
Magnolia sieboldii
Mufananidzo - Wikimedia / Wendy Cutler
La Magnolia sieboldii, kana Oyama magnolia, muti wakaberekerwa kuEast Asia. Inokura pakati pe5 kusvika 10 metres kureba, uye ine elliptical kana oblong mashizha erima rakasvibira ruvara, uye nehurefu hunosvika 25 centimita. Maruva machena, anosvika 10 centimita yakafara, uye akarembera. Izvi zvinomera muchirimo-zhizha. Sekuda kuziva, wedzera kuti iruva renyika reNorth Korea.
magnolia stellata
Mufananidzo - Wikimedia / A. Bhawa
La magnolia stellata, inonzi star magnolia, igwenzi diki rakaita semuti wemuchero wekuJapan unosvika 3 metres pakureba. Mashizha akasvibira nerima kumusoro uye akati chechetere pazasi, uye akareba masendimita gumi nematatu. Kufanana nemamwe marudzi, inotumbuka mukupera kwechando. Maruva ayo anoyera anenge 10 masendimita muhupamhi, uye machena, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva angave akajeka pink.
virginian magnolia
Mufananidzo – Wikimedia/JE Theriot
La virginian magnolia Muti unogara wakasvibira kana kuti wakasvibira zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze anowanikwa kuNorth America anosvika 30 metres pakureba. Mashizha acho ane elliptical, green in color, uye anenge 13 centimita kureba. Maruva ayo machena, 14 centimeters yakafara, uye zvinonzi anonhuwa sevhanira.
Iyi miti yakanaka kwazvo, iyo kazhinji ine maruva machena. Sezvo kukura kwavo kuri kunonoka, zvinokwanisika kuvachengeta muhari kwenguva yakareba, kana kunyange kwehupenyu hwavo hwose kana vakachekwa nguva dzose.