tuber melanosporum Rinogona kunge risiri izwi rakajairika kune vazhinji, asi kana tikataura rinonyanya kufarirwa izwi reichi chinwiwa chinomiririra iyo nhema truffleChokwadi zvinonaka uye zvinonhuwirira zvinouya kune yako yekurangarira ndangariro kana iwe wakave nemufaro wekuzviravira uye kana zvisina kudaro, iro izwi zvirokwazvo richazove rakajairika kwauri.
Chokwadi ndechekuti nhema truffles dzakakomberedzwa nechimwe chakavanzika Izvi zvinogona kusunganidzwa nekuoma kwekuzviwana, nekuda kwemutengo uyo kune vazhinji unowanzo kuve wakakwira uye zvakare nekuda kwezvavo zvakasarudzika senge hwema uye hwema.
Hunhu hwevatema truffle
Truffles ndewemhuri yeTuberaceae, genus Tuber uye inosiyana neye howa nekuti mhodzi dzayo dzinowanikwa mukati memukati meiyo asci. Aya ndiwo howa hunomera pasi pevhu kana hypogea uye dema kunyanya ndomumwe wevanonyanya kufarira gastronomically kutaura.
Iyo ine yakatenderedzwa zvishoma tuber chimiro, inoyera pakati pe3 kusvika 6 masentimita uye inorema anopfuura mazana magiramu. Iyo tuber melanosporum kubva ku akasiyana mavara maererano nemwaka wegoreAya ndiwo maratidziro anoita chirimo ruvara rwepakati nepakati nepepuru nepepuru nepo muhukuru isina kukura kupfuura hazelnut, yezhizha inowana rakasviba ruvara uye rakati kurei zvishoma.
Kukura kweiyi fungus kunotanga mukupera kwematsutso uye panguva iyoyo kunowana rinenge nhema tema toni uye ngura-yakaita seyakaita tsvuku yeruvara mavara uye vanochinja kusvika vanyatsosviba. Ganda iri rakaomarara mukugadzirwa nekuda kwetrunk - piramidhi warts inovhara pasi pese, iyo inokamura mhino kuita 4 kana 6 polygonal kumeso.
Kana tikataura nezve nyama kana kuzivikanwa zviri nani se gleba, izvi ndezvekuomarara kusagadzikana kana ichiri diki, ruvara rwayo rwakachena, asi izvi sezvo zvinokura inotanga kushanduka yakacheneruka uye pakupedzisira vara rayo rinoshanduka kuva shavi rachena, izvo zvinoratidza kuti yatokura kare.
Habitat ye tuber melanosporum
Inokura pamwe chete nemuti wekutambira uye inosarudza ivhu rakanyoroveswaNaizvozvo, ivhu, rakasununguka uye risina kudzika rakakwana. Iyo mycelium yefungus inobatana nemuti unogashira nenzira yekufananidza yekudya pairi.
Iyo nhema truffle, kungofanana neiyo chena truffleInokura zvega muItaly, Portugal, France, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Spain, Germany, Hungary neSwitzerland, asi nekukosha kwekukosha kwayo inotengeswa muSpain, Italy, Morocco nedzimwe.
Nhema truffle yekuvandudza maitiro
Kana iyo spore yaburitswa neasscus, iyo truffle inotanga yayo yekuvandudza maitiro, iyo spore inokura ichipa nzira kune kuumbwa kweiyo mycelium yefungus inozviratidza muchimiro chemafirita akanaka kwazvo akarongedzwa muvhu. Izvi zvinobatana nemitsara yemamwe maspore uye zvinoumba izvo zvinonzi mycorrhiza, inova nhengo inobvumidza kuchinjana pakati pevhu, fungus nemuti unotambira.
Mycorrhiza inovhara midzi munzvimbo yavo inoshanda uye inowanza nechikamu chakanaka chavo panguva imwechete iyo mycelium inokura muvhu. Rudzi rwekupisa runoratidzwa pamusoro penzvimbo ino uye rwunokonzera iyo mycorrhizae kukura. Kana gare gare mamiriro akakodzera akapihwa, iwo muchero weiyo truffle kana kugadzirwa kwe tuber melanosporum zvichaitika.
Gastronomic kukosha kweye nhema truffle
Chaizvoizvo iyo dema yechando truffle (pakati pevamwe vakasara ve truffle zvirimwa) ndiyo ine kukosha kwakanyanya kweiyo gastronomy, kutanga nemafuta ayo akasimba ayo anonyanya kukosheswa muhaute cuisine. Chitarisiko chisina kukwezva cheye nhema truffle ndicho chidiki pane icho kunhuwirira uye hwema zvinopfuura izvi zvese, sezvo ivo vakasarudzika mune iyi mhando howa, ichiita kuti ive inokosheswa pane ese anodyiwa howa.
Iyi truffle inoshandiswa kunyanya sedhiraivho, muchokwadi nzira yekuiwedzera kune idzi kana yabikwa inonzi "truffle". Zvakaoma kuuya uye nekudaro ivo vanotemerwa pamitengo yepamusoro iyo inokodzera mhedzisiro inowanikwa mukudya.
Iko kuunganidzwa kwetruffles kunoda rumwe ruzivo runopfuura kupfuura kuziva iyo yakakosha fungus, kutanga zvinodikanwa kugadzira chaiyo midziyo sezvakaita truffle mapanga. Hupfumi uhwu hwakavigwa pasi pekuvanda kwehazelnuts, miouki uye truffle oak kwayakabatanidzwa. Kuti usvike kwavari, imbwa yakanyatsodzidziswa inodiwa, kunyangwe nguruve dzinoshandiswawo nekuda kwechinangwa ichi.
Chiitiko chako chinokutungamira kune aya howa hwamwari akaremara zvachose, akaomarara uye matema muvara akavigwa muvhu, kunyanya iwo akagadzirwa. Kana iyo truffle imbwa ichiimaka, ndipo paunochera uchitenderedza uchishandisa banga rakakosha kwariri uye rine blade rine mativi matatu, kusvikira waibvisa.
Mushure mekuibvisa, unoenderera mberi nekufukidza nzvimbo zvakanyatsonaka nevhu rakafanana, kana zvichibvira wedzera zvimwe zvakasikwa zvakakomberedza. Mwaka wakakwana wekuvatora inguva yechando sezvo iri pavanosvika pakukura kwavo uye kunhuwirira uye kunaka kwekugona.
Iyo yekufananidza yeiyi hypogeal fungus ine ivhu uye iyo inomiririra muti weiyo mycorrhizal hunhu inoita kuti ive inonakidza kubatana mushandira pamwe iyo truffles inopa zvicherwa kumidzi yemuti uchidya pairi.
Chii chavanodaidza kuti truffle dzakatsva?
Kuti mamiriro akanaka avepo uye mycorrhizal association iitike, panofanirwa kuve nekuvapo kwe nduru miouki, holm miouki y kermes pamwe nenzvimbo yematombo uye mamwe mamiriro ekunze. Mubatanidzwa wezvinhu zvese izvi unoburitsa musiyano we morphological, iyo inogadziridza iyo phytotoxic mhedzisiro mune yakanaka chikamu chisingaperi uye chegumi chegirini chiripo mune zvakatipoteredza weaiti, chaipo munzvimbo iyo panotorwa matruffle matema.
Iyi ndiyo herbicidal mhedzisiro inozivikanwa se truffle kupisa uye inoita kunge chikamu cherudzi rwe zano re tuber melanosporum, nenzira iyo iyo inodzivirira mimwe michero kukwikwidza nayo.
Kusvikira makore mashoma apfuura iyo truffle yakaitika zvakasikwa chete mumatunhu mashoma eSpain, zvisinei zvakanyanya zvachinja, kubvira kune minda mumatunhu mazhinji uye mazhinji eari kutengeswa parizvino anobva kuSpain.
Chokwadi ndechekuti pakati pe yakasviba nhema truffle uye iyo yekurima pane musiyano mudiki kwazvo, sekureba sekuvandudzwa kwemamiriro etruffle munda wakapihwa nenzira kwayo. Kana iwe uchida kutora iyo tuber melanosporum ichokwadi nekukora kwaro chaiko, tinokurudzira kuti uende kuzvitoro zvine hunyanzvi mumhando yehowa iyi.