Mbesa (Fabaceae)

Mbesa mbeu dzinogona kubatsira mukicheni. Nembeu dzayo tinogadzira madhishi akadai seye nyemba dzakabikwa kana bhinzi, izvo pamusoro pekuti zvinonaka zvine zvakakosha pakurarama. Muchokwadi, kuve mupfumi mune fiber uye mapuroteni, iwo chikafu chinonakidza kwazvo chekuisa mune chero chikafu chine hutano.

Asi, iwe waiziva here kuti kune zvimwe zvirimwa zvakare zvirimwa zvembesa uye, pachinzvimbo, isu tinongoshandisa kushongedza magadheni edu uye / kana patios? Iyi ndiyo miti uye makwenzi ayo, kunyangwe asingawanzove nembeu dzakakodzera kudyiwa nevanhu, anounza humwe hunhu, senge maruva ekushamisira uye / kana inopesana nekugashira kusanaya kwemvura.

Ndezvipi nyemba?

ari nyemba iwo zvirimwa zvinogadzira michero muchimiro chembesa; ndiko kuti, yakatambanudzwa uye nembeu shomanana dzakatenderedzwa kana denderedzwa dzebhuruu, chena, girini kana kunyange dema dema zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana. Ivo vanoiswa mukati memhuri yeFabaceae, saka zviri zvakare zvakanaka kutaura kuti iwo akanaka michero.

Ivo vanowanikwa munzvimbo dzinotonhora kana dzinodziya, asi kune huwandu hukuru hwemarudzi munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa dze Africa neAmerica. Pamusoro pezvo, kune akawanda anotsigira akareba kana mashoma nguva dzakaoma, sezvo iine midzi inokura mita dzinoverengeka pazasi pevhu pevhu ichitsvaga hunyoro. Mhando idzi ndidzo dzine mashizha mashoma kana achienzaniswa nemamwe, sezvo achidya mvura shoma pane iwo mahombe. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuwedzera izvo vanogadzirisa nitrogen yemuchadenga pasi.

Kunyangwe patinotaura nezvembesa, pizi, soya, kana bhinzi semuenzaniso zvinouya mupfungwa, zvinonakidza kucherechedza kuti idzo dzinogadzira mbeu dzakakodzera kudyiwa ishoma. Kune akawanda, mazhinji akawanda anoshandiswa kushongedza zvinangwa.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pembiriguru uye nyemba?

Mbesa ndiyo michero yetsanga; ndokuti, maruva imhando yemuti. Idzi dzine mhodzi dzinoda kumera zvakanaka kwazvo, kungave nekudzidyara zvakananga kana ari mahebhu, kana pregerminative kurapwa inozivikanwa sekupisa kupisa kana iri miti.

Thermal kuvhunduka inosanganisira kuzviisa mumvura irikufashaidza kwechipiri nerubatsiro rwembambo, wozoisa mune rimwe girazi remvura mukamuri tembiricha kwemaawa makumi maviri nemasere usati wadyara.

Kupatsanura kwemarume

Mbesa dzinotsanangurwa seinotevera:

• Dzinza Cercidae: iwo miti nemakwenzi ane maruva anoonekera senge Bauhinia variegata kana the Cercis siliquastrum.
• Dzinza Detarieae: inosanganisira miti iyo, kazhinji, inowanikwa kuAfrica, senge iyo tamarindus indica (tamarind).
• Chizvarwa Duparquetia: ine mhando imwe chete, iyo Duparquetia orchidacea, unova muti mudiki unozvarwa kunzvimbo dzinopisa dze Africa.
• Subfamily Caesalpinioideae: ndipo patinozowana zvimwe zvekushongedza zvirimwa, senge Caesalpinia, Senna kana kunyangwe iyo Ceratonia silica (muti wekarobhu).
• Subfamily Mimosoideae: Acacia, chirimwa Mimosa pudica, kana kuti Calliandra ndewemhuri iyi. Idzo zvirimwa zvinozivikanwa nekuve ne inflorescence inoyeuchidza ballerina pompoms, ine kukura uye ruvara zvinosiyana kubva kune imwe mhando kune imwe.
• Mhuri Faboideae: mariri tichawana nyemba dzakakodzera kudyiwa, senge bhinzi (vicia bhinzi), kana pizi (pisum sativum). Asi zvakare zvimwe zvirimwa zvekushongedza kufarira, senge iyo Erythrina muti.

Ndeapi marudzi etsvo dzinodyiwa?

Iye zvino tava kuzotarisa pane iwo mabhatani anodyiwa. Idzi ndidzo dzatinogona kurima mubindu, kana kana iwe uchida muhari yemaruva, kutora mukana wembeu dzavo. Semuyenzaniso:

• bhinzi: inonziwo bhinzi kana bhinzi yeitsvo, imbeu yemuti unezita resainzi Phaseolus vulgaris. Ivo vakapfuma muprotein, fiber uye zvakare vane zvicherwa pamwe nemavitamin A uye B. Iyo yegore uye yekukwira, inokurumidza kukura, inosvika ingangoita 1 mita.
• Hupfu bhinzi: imbeu dzehuswa vicia bhinzi. Iri yegore, uye inogona kusvika 1,5 metres kukwirira. Icho chinhu chikuru mumidziyo yebhinzi, kunyange ichipihwa yakaoma (ndokuti, yakagadzirirwa pasina muto), uye kunyange nyowani. Iwo ane hupfumi sosi yemavitamini, fiber, uye zvicherwa senge magnesium, iron, uye calcium.
• Taa: zvinogadzirwa nemuti wemushonga lens culinaris. Iyi inokwana masendimita makumi mana, uye ndeimwe yemapundu akapfuma mu fiber aripo, ichipa magiramu gumi nemana pagiramu regumi rechikafu. Uye zvakare, iyo magnesium, iron, phosphorus uye potasium inowanikwawo kubva kwavari, pakati pevamwe.

• Pea: mapizi kana mapizi ndiyo mhodzi dze pisum sativum. Icho chirimwa chine mishonga ine tsika yekukwira inosvika pakureba kwemakumi matanhatu- makumi matanhatu emasendimita. Inopa mavhitaminzi akadai seA, B, C uye E, pamwe nezvicherwa zvakaita sezingi, sodium, kana iron.
• soybean: soy inogadzirwa ne Glycinemax, huswa hunogona kukura pakati pe 20-100 sentimita kureba. Iyo yakanaka sosi ye fiber, mavitamini, uye zvicherwa.

Ndezvipi zvinobatsira?

Nyemba dzine mabhenefiti akati wandei kuhutano hwevanhu. Imwe yenyaya huru ndeyekuti batsira kurwisa kupatirwa, kuvandudza hutumbu hwekufamba. Uye zvakare, iwo akakosha sosi yemapuroteni emuriwo, saka kana iwe uri vegan kana yemuriwo unogona kuadya iwo pasina matambudziko.

Izvo zvikafu zvinovandudza hutano hweganda, bvudzi nezvipikiri. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuwanda kwayo kwevhitamini B. Zvakare, zvine iron yakawanda, yakakosha pakuumbwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa, ayo ari iwo anotakura okisijeni mumuviri wese.

Mhando dzekushongedza zvinomera zvinomera

Kune zvakawanda zvirimwa zvinorimwa mumabindu, patio nemumatare. Mamwe acho ndeaya anotevera:

Caesalpinia gilliesii

La Caesalpinia gilliesii Iyo igreen shrub yemuno inogara kuArgentina inosvika 2 metres pakureba. Iine mashizha ane akawanda mapepa emavara, uye inflorescences anoumbwa neyero maruva inobuda muchirimo. Inodzivisa mazaya echando kusvika -7ºC.

Cercis siliquastrum (Muti werudo)

El Cercis siliquastrum Iwo muti unodonha unowanikwa mudunhu reMediterranean unogona kuyera kusvika pamamita gumi nemashanu pakureba, asi kazhinji haupfuure nemamita mashanu. Muchirimo maruva ayo epingi anotumbuka akananga kubva kumatavi. Iyo inopokana kwazvo, ichimisidzana nechando kudzika -10ºC.

royal delonix (anopenga)

El flamboyant Ndiwo wakasarudzika muti unobva kuMadagascar, asi chaizvo, unorimwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa dzenyika, kunyanya America. MuSpain tichazviona zvakanyanya muCanary Islands, asi muBalearic Islands uye peninsula zvakanyanya kuoma. Inosvika gumi nemashanu pakureba, uye kubva pazera diki ine parasol korona yakaumbwa nemashizha egirini. Maruva ayo akatsvuka kana orenji uye anoyera masendimita masere. Iyo inononoka kuchando.

Erythrina crista-galli (Ceiba)

El kapok Ndiwo muti wakasarudzika unoberekerwa kuArgentina neBolivia kunyanya unosvika pakakwirira kusvika pamamita masere. Mashizha acho akasvibira, uye maruva acho akarongedzwa mumasumbu erudzi rwakatsvuka kwazvo. Inomiririra mazaya echando kudzika -4ºC, chero vari vapfupi.

Inonzwisisa mimosa (Mimosa pudica)

La Mimosa pudica Icho chirimwa chemuno chinobva kuBrazil icho chinoyera masentimita anosvika makumi manomwe pakukwirira. Kunyangwe ichirarama kwemakore akati wandei, muEurope inokura semuti wepagore nekuti haumire kutonhora kwechando. Iine mashizha ayo ari padyo nekubata kushoma, uye mamwe maruva e lilac anoonekwa muchirimo.

Sezvauri kuona, pane mhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzemagutume. Tinovimba wakazviwana zvichinakidza.