Izityalo zohlobo lweHelianthus Zezinye zezo zifuna ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze zikhule ngokuchanekileyo. Igama layo sele lisibonisile kuba livela helio, Igama lesiGrike elithetha iLanga. Zininzi iintlobo ezilinywa kwiigadi, kunye nokuhombisa iibhalkhoni kunye namathala, kodwa zikhona ezinye ezinokusetyenziswa ekuphekeni.
Ukukhula kuyakhawuleza, kwaye oku kunesizathu soko: kuguqukile ukuze, kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa, bahlume, bakhule, badubule baze ekugqibeleni bavelise imbewu. Ke, kukho iintlobo ezimbalwa ze-Helianthus ezenziwa ngonyaka, ngelixa ezinye zihlala zingapheliyo kodwa zihlala 'zilele' ekwindla-ebusika.
Imvelaphi kunye neempawu zeHeliathus
Uhlobo lweHelianthus lwenziwe malunga ne-53 yeendidi zemveli ezizalelwa eMelika, eRashiya, naseNtshona Ostreliya. Zizityalo zonyaka okanye ezingapheliyo ezifikelela kubude obuphakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-5 yeemitha, nangona kukho ezinye zezilimo ezikhula kuphela ukuya kuma kwiisentimitha ezingama-50-60. Iziqu zihlala zikhula zime nkqo, nangona zinokuhla ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwazo. Amagqabi asisiseko kwaye anokunye okanye amanye amalungiselelo. Ngokunjalo, banokuthi okanye bangabinayo i-petiole (isiqu esidibanisa amagqabi nesiqu), kwaye sibe luhlaza ngombala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, into esiyibiza ngokuba yintyatyambo yinto inflorescence eyenziwe ziintyatyambo ezincinci ezenza isahluko esirhangqiweyo. Ibract (ezibizwa ngendlela engeyiyo ngamagqabi) zilubhelu, bomvu okanye orenji kuxhomekeke kudidi. Njengoko ziyi-hermaphrodites, zinokuvelisa imbewu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwenza impova. Iziqhamo zomile, kwaye ziqulathe imbewu enokuhlulwa ngokulula kwigobolondo (njengembewu yejongilanga) eyaziwa ngegama lobuchwephesha iachene.
Iintlobo eziphambili
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zikajongilanga okanye iHelianthus, jonga:
Helianthus annuus
Nguye ubhekilanga, nangona ifumana amanye amagama anje ngemarigold, mirasol, corn tile okanye flower shield. Ngumfuno wonyaka olinywa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi lonke, othi Unokufikelela kubude obungangeemitha ezi-3 ngeziqu ezimileyo. Ii-inflorescence nazo zikhulu, zilinganisa ukuya kwi-30 cm ububanzi. Iziqhamo zayo ziyimibhobho, egqiba ukuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
Sebenzisa
Ukongeza ekubeni sisityalo esithandwa kakhulu kwiigadi kunye namathala, enye yezinto ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kukutya. Imibhobho ityiwa njengamashwamshwam, kodwa i-oyile ikhutshwa kuyo esetyenziselwa ukupheka: ioyile yelanga. Ukongeza, izikhondo ziqulathe ifayibha, eluncedo ekwenzeni iphepha, kwaye inokunikwa kwimfuyo njengokutya.
IHelianthus laetiflorus
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / SB_Johnny
Ngokwenyani, igama layo lesayensi ngu Helianthus x laetiflorus, kuba iyi-hybrid yendalo phakathi UHelianthus pauciflorus y Helianthus tuberosus. Sisityalo se-herbaceous esingapheliyo esifikelela kubude obungu-2 yeemitha. Ivelisa iintyatyambo ezidityaniswe nge-inflorescence etyheli, kwaye inokulinganisa iisentimitha ezili-10-15 ubukhulu.
Helianthus maximiliani
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / USFWS Mountain-Prairie
Iyaziwa ngokuba yi-sunflower enkulu, kwaye iyimifuno engapheliyo ifikelela kubude obuphakathi kweesentimitha ezingama-50 ukuya kwiimitha ezi-3. Iziqu zimile, kwaye amagqabi e-lanceolate ahluma kuwo, kunye ne-inflorescence 2-4 yeesentimitha ububanzi kunye nebract etyheli.
Sebenzisa
Iingcambu ezishinyeneyo zingatyiwa njenge mifuno, umzekelo kwiisaladi. Esinye isityalo kukutya okulungileyo kwemfuyo.
IHelianthus multiflorus
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Dinesh Valke
El Helianthus x multiflorus isityalo sonyaka esivela kutshintsho lukajongilanga oluqhelekileyo (Helianthus annuus) wabandezeleka ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Kungoko kunjalo, imifuno yomjikelo wonyaka, kodwa ngobude obufutshane (ngokubanzi ingekho ngaphezulu kweesentimitha eziyi-100) kunye nenani elikhulu lamagqabi yellows.
UHelianthus pauciflorus
Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Matt Lavin
Yimifuno engapheliyo ye-rhizomatous ifikelela kubude obufikelela kwiimitha ezili-2. Iziqu zimile, zinombala obomvu oqaqambileyo, kwaye iintyatyambo zazo ezimthubi ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence ukuya kuthi ga kwiisentimitha ezi-7 ubukhulu. Ezi zihluma ekupheleni kwehlobo, ngoko ke kunomdla ukuzikhulisa ngokudibanisa nojongilanga, kuba xa zibuna, usenokonwabela iintyatyambo H. pauciflorus.
Helianthus petiolaris
Umfanekiso - Flickr / Crop Izihlobo zasendle
Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-sunflower encinci okanye i-sunflower, ngumhlaza wonyaka ifikelela kubude obumalunga neesentimitha ezingama-120. Isiqu sime nkqo, kwaye siluhlaza. Kuyo kuhluma amagqabi aluhlaza ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye neentyatyambo eziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence ezityheli ezimalunga neesentimitha ezi-7-8 ububanzi.
Helianthus tuberosus
El Helianthus tuberosus, eyaziwa ngokuba yiJerusalem artichoke, Jerusalem artichoke okanye ujongilanga waseCanada, sisityalo esingapheliyo Ikhula phakathi kweesentimitha ezingama-50 kunye neemitha ezi-2 ukuphakama. Iintyatyambo ziqokelele kwii-inflorescence ze-capitular, kwaye zimthubi. Iingcambu zaso zii-tubers ezifikelela kwi-10 cm ubude nge-3-5 cm.
Sebenzisa
Isifo sephepha Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekhitshini njenge mifuno, njengoko ityebile kakhulu emanzini, kunye nakwiiproteni kunye nemicu. Ikwasebenza njengokutya kwezilwanyana ezitya utyani.
Zeziphi kwezi ntlobo zikaHelianthus uzithandayo?