Imbali yemandarin

I-Mandarin sesinye seziqhamo ze-citrus ezithandwa ngabantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Kungenxa yokuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, imnandi kune iiorenji, kwaye nokuba incinci, ayizalisi kangako. Ukongeza, inamanzi amancinci kancinci kunabo "oodade abadala." Kodwa into ongayaziyo yi Imbali yemandarin. Ngaba uyazi ukuba inomdla wemvelaphi?

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi unobangela wokuba kutheni ama-mandarin ekhona, avelaphi, okanye kutheni abizwa ngeli gama, emva koko sijonga ngasemva ukuze wazi okuthile malunga nembali ye-mandarin. Ayizukuzala, siyakuqinisekisa.

Zivela phi iimandarin?

Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyazi kukuba, njengeziqhamo ezininzi zesitrasi, ii-mandarin zivela e-Asiya. Ngokukodwa ivela e-China nase-Indochina, ezazizezona ndawo ziphambili apho yayikhule khona. Nangona kukho uphando olwenziweyo malunga nesi sitrasi kwiiHimalaya, ngakumbi emahlathini apho kwakulinywe khona imithi yesitrasi.

La Isalathiso sokuqala kumandarin sisusela kwinkulungwane ye-12 BC, yintoni esele isixelela ukuba indala kangakanani. Nangona kunjalo, yaqala kwingingqi encinci apho yasasazeka khona, ngakumbi kuMazantsi mpuma eAsia, nakwinxalenye yeIndiya.

Kuthiwa, ngenkulungwane ye-400, imandarin yayisele isaziwa kuzo zonke izithili ezisemazantsi eJapan. Nangona kunjalo, kuthathe ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-XNUMX ukuba iqale ukwaziwa kwamanye amazwekazi, kwaye isasazwe. Kuthiwa khange bafike eYurophu de kwaba yinkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ngokucacileyo, umntu owazisa le mandarin yayinguSir Abraham Hume, iNgesi elaligqibe kwelokuba lingenise ezi ziqhamo zesitrasi eNgilani. Ngokukodwa, iindidi ezimbini zeemandarin ezivela eGuangzhow (Canton).

Kungekudala emva koko, kunye nokubona impumelelo kolu ngenelelo lokuqala, imithi yathunyelwa eMalta. Kwaye ke, iintlobo zenziwa, enye yazo yayilinywa e-Italiya (iMandarin yaseMeditera). Oku kwafika phantse ngaxeshanye neMalta, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha ii-mandarins zaguqukela kwezi sizaziyo namhlanje.

Igama elinomdla we-mandarin

Kwimbali ye-mandarin kufuneka senze umhlathi malunga negama layo. Kuyinyani ukuba, kuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo, ibizwa ngale ndlela.

Umzekelo, kwimeko ye ENgilani, kubo "yiMandarin". E-Itali naseSpain, isiMandarin. I-India iyibiza ngokuba yiSantara okanye iSuntara; Ngelixa eJapan, i-mandarins yimikan. Kwaye e China? Babizwa ngokuba nguChu, uJu okanye uChih.

Kodwa, ivelaphi ukubiza le mandarin yesiCitrus? Ewe, umgwebi wayo yonke into ayikho enye ngaphandle kombala weorenji wolusu lwakho. Injalo ke. Iziqhamo zokuqala ze-Mandarin zathimba abaninzi ngenxa yombala wabo oqaqambileyo weorenji. Kwaye umntu othile wacinga ukubalisa loo nto umbala weorenji kunye nesinxibo esasinxitywa ngamaMandarin kwiTshayina yamandulo (abalawuli). Ezi zazinemibala eqaqambileyo, ikakhulu zibomvu kunye no-orenji, kungoko baqala ukusebenzisa i-mandarin ukubhekisa kwesi siqhamo. Ewe, usendleleni elungileyo ukuba ucinga ukuba esi siqhamo sithathwa njengesifanele "iingcungcu."

Imbali ye-mandarin kunye nomnombo wokuzalwa kwayo

I-mandarin yookhokho yayiyeyokuqala kuzo zonke, kwaye inye into oyaziyo kukuba bobabini babengamabhinqa kunye "nabesilisa." Oko kukuthi, sesinye seziqhamo zesitrasi ezikwaziyo ukuvelisa iintlobo ezimbini zeemandarin.

Ngamnye wabo, emva koko, uvelisa ezinye iziqhamo, ezizinto esinokuthi ngoku sifunde ngakumbi ngazo. Umzekelo, i-mandarins yabasetyhini yavelisa iLima Rangpur. Nangona kunjalo, abesilisa ngabo basinike imandarin yesiNtu, iorenji ekrakra kunye necalamanin. Ewe, ukusuka kwimandarin yemveli, kwafunyanwa i-mandarin yanamhlanje kunye neorenji emnandi.

Imbali yemandarin eSpain

Ukuba sigxila kubudlelwane obukhoyo phakathi kwembali ye-mandarin kunye nelizwe laseSpain, kuya kufuneka sicinge ngomhla osondeleyo kwimihla yethu. Kwaye kunjalo, nangona yayingo-1805 xa i-mandarin yafika njengemveliso engaqhelekanga eNgilane, kwathatha iminyaka eliqela ukuya eSpain.

Ngokwabaphandi, eyokuqala Izalathiso ezifunyenwe malunga nesi sitrasi eSpain zabuyela emva ngo-1845. Kwakuloo nyaka, kwaye ngo-Count of Ripalda, ezinye izinto zathunyelwa eValencia ukuya kufunda indlela eziziphatha ngayo ezi ziqhamo. Oku kwenziwe ngeRoyal Economic Society of Friends of the Country, kodwa akukho xesha babezimisele ukulima, kodwa baphande ukuba zaziphatha njani na iziqhamo zesitrasi.

Kuthathe malunga neminyaka eli-11 ngo-1856, kwaye ngenxa yePolo de Bernabé, zaqala ukulinywa. Ukulungiselela le nto, iphondo laseCastellón lonyulwa, ngakumbi iBurriana. Olu limo lwaluthetha ukukhula okukhulu kuloo ndawo, kuba babesebenzisa iimfuno zenxalenye enkulu yemveliso iyonke yeziqhamo zesitrasi.

Kwaye yahluka ngantoni? Ewe, ngokucacileyo, sithetha ngeMandarin yesiqhelo, njengoko kusaziwa, Kwakungekho ngo-1920-1930 apho iintlobo ezintsha zavela, Ukuqala ngoSatsuma okanye uClementine.

Ngaba i-mandarin yentsusa kwaye ngoku ijongeka ngokufanayo?

Ngelishwa akunjalo. Abananto yakwenza nayo kuba, njengayo yonke enye into, iguqukile. Umahluko kunye neemvavanyo eziye zenziwa zibangele ukuba kulinywe intsimi yokuqala, okanye isitshixo se-mandarin.

Oko kuthetha ukuba I-mandarin evela kumawakawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye ukusuka ngoku ayifani kwaphela, nangokobungakanani, umbala, ubume, incasa, ubumnandi, njl. Ukuhamba kwexesha, umhlaba nayo yonke into echaphazela izityalo ibenza ukuba baziqhelanise neemeko ezintsha ukuze baphile, kwaye yile nto yenziwe ngulo mthi.

Ngoku ukuba uyazi ngakumbi malunga nembali ye-mandarin, uyayibona ngamehlo ahlukeneyo?