IBotrytis

Izityalo, nangona zikhathalelwe kakuhle, zisengozini yosulelo lomngundo. Ngonaphakade. Kwaye eyona nto imbi kakhulu kukuba ezi ntsholongwane zivelisa ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, kangangokuba olona suku kulindeleke ukuba uqale ngalo ukubona ukuba amagqabi ayawa okanye ukuba iziqu ziyabola ... Iimpawu ezabiwe zizifo ezininzi, ezinje ibhotile.

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, enye yezo zibangela owona monakalo kwizityalo zethu esizithandayo. Kodwa musa ukusasaza: Ngamaqhinga ambalwa alula sinokuwuthintela ukuba ungasibangeli iingxaki. 

Yintoni na?

IBotrytis, IBotrytis cinerea, okanye i-botrytis, ngundo ongowosapho iSclerotiniaceae, uhlobo lweBotryotinia. Uhlobo olu IBotryotinia fuckeliana, eyachazwa ngo-1945. Yintsholongwane echaphazela zombini izityalo, izilwanyana kunye neentsholongwane; Nangona kunjalo, ikhetha ukusebenzisa umdiliya njengombuki zindwendwe, yiyo loo nto abo bahlakulela esi sonyuko sesiqhamo kufuneka banike ingqwalaselo eyodwa kwiimeko zomhlaba, ukunkcenkceshela, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo umbhalisi.

Kuyaziwa ngokuba sisikhunta esingwevu, kuba iimpawu esizibona kuqala yile: umgubo ongwevu. Kodwa… ukhuthele nini? Ewe, njengawo onke amakhowa, umngcipheko wosulelo uphezulu xa okusingqongileyo kushushu kwaye kufumile.

Isisulela njani isityalo?

Inokungena emzimbeni wezityalo ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo:

• Ngenxa yobuthathaka / impilo yezityalo ephantsi: yenzeka xa iimeko (umhlaba, unkcenkceshelo, isichumisi, kunye / okanye imozulu) zingonelanga. Umzekelo: ukuba sinkcenkceshela phezulu, into esiya kuyenza kukuvala iingcambu zamagqabi, iziqu kunye neziqhamo, ngoko ke siza kuziminxa ngoko nangoko siza kubathintela ekuphefumlweni.
• Yokuthena amanxeba: Nangona kukho izityalo ezininzi ezikunyamezelayo ukuthena, akukho nanye esindayo ekungeneni kweentsholongwane- ezinye zazo zizifo, ezifana ne-botrytis- ngenxa yamanxeba esiwabangelayo. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwogquma ngeepasta zokuphilisa, ngakumbi ukuba zizityalo ezinomthi kunye nemithi yesundu.
• Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuthena ezingcolileyoOku kwenzeka xa sisebenzisa izixhobo ngaphandle kokubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambili. Amakhowa akabonakali ngamehlo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba engabonakali akuthethi ukuba abekho. Kuyimfuneko ukuba sihlale siyikhumbula le nto ukunqanda iingxaki, kwaye sibulale iintsholongwane phambi nasemva kokuba sizisebenzisile, umzekelo ngamathontsi ambalwa esityala sokuhlamba izitya.

Zichaphazela eziphi izivuno?

Ngaba unokuchaphazela wonke umntu, ngaphandle kokukhetha. Ngoku, kuxhaphake kakhulu:

• Umdiliya: i-botrytis yomdiliya ihlasela indawo yasemoyeni (amagqabi, iziqu, iziqhamo), kwaye ukuba ayinyangwa kwangexesha iyakumkhathaza kakhulu umfama, imshiye engenazidiliya.
• Utamatisi: i-tomato botrytis okanye i-tomato rot nayo ishiya amagqabi angenamsebenzi kunye neziqhamo. Unolwazi ngakumbi ngayo apha.
• Iiroses: I-Botrytis kwiiroses ihlasela ngakumbi iintyatyambo kunye neentyatyambo.

Kodwa, ndinyanzelisa ukuba, naluphi na uhlobo lwesityalo lunokuphela ligula ngenxa yosulelo lwale fungus.

Ziintoni iimpawu kunye / okanye umonakalo obangela oko?

IBotrytis sisifo esizahlula kakuhle kwezinye, kodwa ekuqaleni sinokuthabatheka ngamathandabuzo 🙂. Ke, ukuze oku kungenzeki kuwe, okanye kuyeke ukwenzeka kuwe, Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba iimpawu kunye / okanye nomonakalo obangelwe koku kulandelayo:

• Ukubonakala komgubo ongwevu kumagqabi, iziqu kunye neziqhamo
• Ukukhupha isisu
• Iziqu zinokuphela zithambile, zibolile
• Ukukhula kancinci
• Ukudaka kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi okulandelayo
• Iziqhamo ziyehla emva kokujika mnyama mnyama / mnyama

Inyangwa njani?

Fungi, kunye IBotrytis cinerea Akukho nto yahlukileyo, kunzima ukuphelisa ii-microorganisms, kuba xa sibona ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo kwizityalo, sele benethuba elaneleyo lokufikelela kuwo onke amalungu, bezosulela kwaye zibenze buthathaka kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, Ukuba sizibek'esweni izityalo mihla le siyakukwazi ukubona iimpawu zokuqala, kwaye kuyakuba njalo xa sizinyanga ngeyeza lokungunda, Ndinconyelwa ngakumbi iBenzimidazoles (iBenomilo, iCarbendazima, phakathi kwabanye).

Ewe kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo echazwe kwisitya ukuya kwileta, kwaye sisebenzise amanyathelo okhuselo (iiglavu zerabha) ukuze singaphelelwa sisityalo okanye impilo. Ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kweekhemikhali ngumngcipheko ongafanelekanga ukuba uthathwe.

Ngaba iBotrytis inokuthintelwa?

Hayi i-100%, kodwa singathatha amanyathelo athile aya kusinceda ukuze izityalo zethu zibenamajoni omzimba angcono kwaye, ke ngoko, zinokuzikhusela ngcono kwiintsholongwane (hayi ifungi kuphela, kodwa iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya). Zezi zilandelayo:

Amanzi xa kufuneka

Oku kuhlala kuthetha ukuba kufuneka unkcenkceshele xa umhlaba womile, okanye phantse womile 🙂, kuba ngaphandle kokuba banamanzi okanye abanamanzi abathandanga ukuba "neenyawo ezimanzi" ngalo lonke ixesha. Xa sithandabuza, siya kujonga ukufuma komhlaba ngaphambi kokuba sibanike amanzi, nokuba kungasetyenziswa imitha yokufuma yedijithali okanye ngokufaka intonga ebhityileyo eyenziwe ngomthi yonke indlela eya ezantsi.

Musa ukuthenga izityalo ezigulayo

Izityalo ezibonisa naziphi na iimpawu zesifo kufuneka zihlale kwigadi yezilwanyana. Masicinge lonto ukuba banokudibana nabo basekhaya banokubabeka emngciphekweni kananjalo.

Chumisa ngexesha elifudumeleyo

Izityalo zifuna amanzi kunye "nokutya" ukuze zibe sempilweni. Ke ngexesha elifudumeleyo, kulapho zikhula ngaphandle kokuba amaqondo obushushu agqithisile, Siza kuwahlawula ngezichumisi ezithile, okanye nge Indalo. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngezichumisi, unokwenza cofa apha.

Sukusebenzisa »iziqendwana ezindala»

Kwaye kuncinci ukuba izityalo ezigulayo zikhule kuzo, ukusukela oko Iintsholongwane zokungunda zingasala ukuba abayi kuthandabuza umzuzwana ukosulela abo sibabeka kwakhona.

Ngale nto sigqibile. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyayazi indlela yokuchonga ukuba izityalo zakho zine-botrytis kunye nendlela onokuyilungisa ngayo