Intsimi yesundu yaseElche

Kukho iigadi ezinesundu, kodwa into abayenzileyo kwidolophu yaseValencia e-Elche yindawo yamanzi eyenziweyo edibana nembonakalo yomhlaba.. Bayenza kakuhle kangangokuba kwabaninzi iye yaba yeyona mithi yesundu intle ehlabathini. Ukuyityelela phantse kufana nokuba kwezinye zezona ndawo zintle eAfrika, ilizwekazi apho sinokufumana khona abona bantu baninzi bemithi yesundu, abangabalinganiswa abangabalulekanga bolu lwandle lwaseValencia.

Ukonwabela imozulu yonxweme lweMeditera, eneqabaka epholileyo ebusika kunye namaqondo obushushu anokufikelela kuma-35ºC ehlotyeni, las IPhoenix dactylifera bakhula ngolonwabo kulo mmandla waseSpeyin. Enyanisweni, abafuni nakuphi na ukukhathalelwa, ngaphaya kokuthenwa okuncinane. Ewe, asinakulibala malunga nokuvunwa kwemihla, iziqhamo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwizondlo kweli lizwe.

Imvelaphi kunye nembali yePalmeral de Elche

Ayaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo xa i umhla ukuya kuSingasiqithi weIberia, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba yayinokufika namaFenike, okanye nangaphambilana. Ngaloo ndlela, umbhali-mbali uJosé Aparicio Pérez wangqina ukuba babemelwe kwiinqanawa zase-Iberia zase-Elche. Ngaphambi kokuba amaRoma athimbe, amasimi esundu ayesele enenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela, eyaye yandiswa. Kodwa ayizange igqibe ukuphucuka ngokupheleleyo de amaYiputa, iingcali zokunkcenkceshela, ahlala kwindawo namhlanje ebizwa ngokuba yiValencian okwethutyana.

Kamva, amaSilamsi ayeza kuhlala, awayeza kutyala imithi emininzi yedatilisi. Kwaye ukuze bangabi namanzi, inethiwekhi yemisele yenziwe nayo, ngaloo ndlela yandisa inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela. Ngexesha lamaXesha Aphakathi uthotho lwemithetho yokhuseleko yapasiswa kwimithi yesundu. UJaume ndibe ngowokuqala ukugcina esi sitiya sinjalo.

Ngo-2000 yabhengezwa Ilifa lehlabathi ngu-Unesco.

Ukwakheka kunye nenani lemithi yedati etyaliweyo

Namhlanje kukho imizekelo embalwa yemithi yomhla kunexesha lamaSilamsi, kodwa kunjalo kukho malunga nama-200-300 amawaka emizekelo ehlala kwindawo yeehektare ezingama-500. Imithi yesundu yenziwe ngamabhoma ahlukeneyo, njengeHuerto del Chocolate, iHuerto de Abajo, neyona idumileyo kuzo zonke: UHuerto del Cura.

Imithi yesundu iDate yimithi yesundu ekhula kade; enyanisweni, kunokuthatha ishumi leminyaka ukuqalisa ukuphuhlisa isiqu. Kodwa bayakwazi ukuphila iminyaka emalunga nama-300, ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle. Abo benza iPalmeral basempilweni entle ngenxa yemozulu kunye nabanakekeli babo, nangona ngamanye amaxesha kuye kwafuneka boyise imingeni enzima kakhulu.

I-Imperial Palm, umhla we-Empress Sisisi

Kwakungonyaka we-1894 xa uKumkanikazi u-Isabel de Baviera (Sissi) wayetyelele kwimithi yesundu. Esakubona lo mzekelo, oneziqu ezisi-7 okanye iingalo ezikhula zibe yicandelabrum, uSissi waphawula ukuba ubufanele uBukhosi.. Ukusukela ngoko ukuya phambili, le palm yomhla ingaqhelekanga yayiza kubizwa ngokuba yi-Imperial Palm.

Imalunga ne-12,70 yeemitha ukuphakama kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ineminyaka eyi-180 ubudala. Namhlanje ihanjelwa ngabantu besixeko, kodwa nabakhenkethi abanomdla.

I-weevil ebomvu kwiPalmeral yase-Elche

Ukuba kukho intshabalalisi eyenze owona monakalo mkhulu kwaye yenza kwimithi yesundu, ngakumbi iPhoenix kwaye, ngakumbi, kwi-P. canariensis kunye ne-P. dactylifera, yiyo Ubomvu obomvu. Yinjakazi le; oko kukuthi, uhlobo lwebhungane olunomzimba omde ngakumbi, oluthi kwisigaba sayo sombungu igrumba itonela ngaphakathi kwesiqu sesityalo ngelixa isondla kuso.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zezi:

• Igqabi eliphakathi kwesityalo, elisebenza njengesikhokelo, liyaphambuka kwindawo yalo yokukhula.
• Imingxunya inokubonwa kwisiqu apho imicu inokukhutshwa ngayo.
• Kwiimeko eziphambili kakhulu, isithsaba samagqabi sihlala "sijinga" kwisiqu, nangona amaqabunga angawa aya kuba mdaka (omile).

Inyangwa njani? Ewe, ngo-2005, kuxa yayiqala ukubhaqwa kwiPalmeral de Elche, ekuphela kwento eyayisaziwa ngokusebenza lunyango. I-Chlorpyrifos kunye ne-Imidacloprid. Ezi zinambuzane, ngaphandle kokuxuba (oko kukuthi, enye isetyenziswe kuqala, kwaye enye inyanga elandelayo) ifakwe ngaphakathi kwesiqu.

Ukuba umzekelo awukaphuhli isiqu kunye / okanye usempilweni kusetyenziswa amanyathelo okuthintela, mhlawumbi ngenematodes, okanye ngamayeza okubulala izinambuzane akhankanywe ngasentla. Kusenokude kube luncedo ukuyinkcenkceshela ngombhobho ngexesha lasehlotyeni, isalathisa embindini womthi wesundu, ekubeni ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukurhaxwa imibungu.

Kwaye nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayibonwanga ngexesha kunzima ukuyigcina. Ngelishwa, ekubeni eyokuqala yafunyanwa kwi-Palmeral de Elche, inani labanini bemihla linciphile. Ngethamsanqa, ukususela ngo-2017 ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwe-60% yeentende ezigulayo zigcinwe.

Lilonke, sicebisa ukuba undwendwele iPalmeral de Elche, kuba siqinisekile ukuba uya kuyonwabela kakhulu.