Amagqabi abaluleke kakhulu kwizityalo: ngokusebenzisa ama-pores afunxa amandla elangeni nakwikhabhon dayoksayidi, kwaye emva kothotho lweempendulo zamachiza bayakwazi ukuguqula konke oku kube kukutya kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiphotosynthesis. Ziyabonakala ukuba zibalulekile ebomini bonke eMhlabeni, kuba ngenxa yoko, zikhupha ioksijini, irhasi evumela iiseli ukuba zibekho kwaye, ngenxa yoko, umzimba usebenze.
Kodwa nokwazi iindawo ezahlukileyo zamagqabi kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu xa kuziwa ekuwakhathaleleni, kuba xa isityalo singalunganga, amaxesha amaninzi iimpawu zokuqala zivela kumagqabi aso. Lo nto, Masibone ukuba leliphi igama elinamalungu, kwaye yintoni umsebenzi wabo.
Athini amagqabi?
Amagqabi ngamalungu asetyenziswa zizityalo ukwenza ifotosinthesisi kunye notshintsho. Eyokuqala ibanceda ukuba bafumane ukutya, ke ngoko, bakhule; Kwelinye icala, okwesibini kuluncedo kakhulu kubo, umzekelo xa amaqondo obushushu ephezulu kakhulu, kuba nangona belahlekelwa ngamanzi, ikhutshwa ngohlobo lwomphunga, kwaye xa umoya omncinci uvuthuza ubushushu bomzimba wabo buyehla kancinci.
Ungathi kufana naxa sibila: kuyinyani ukuba singaphulukana namanzi amaninzi nangaphezulu ehlotyeni, kodwa kutheni siziva sipholile xa sime kufutshane nefeni okanye umoya uvuthuza kancinci? Kodwa, ngokungafaniyo nathi, enkosi kulomphunga wamanzi kunye nomthunzi onikwa zizityalo, zinokwenza imicrolimate emnandi epholileyo kancinci, ngaloo ndlela ibe yindawo yokuhlala ezinye izilwanyana.
Athini amacandelo awohlukileyo amagqabi?
Ukuze zifundwe ngcono, iingcali zezityalo zithiye icandelo ngalinye lamagqabi. Zonke zinomsebenzi:
Blade okanye blade
Ilungu, elibizwa ngokuba yi-lamina, Yindawo yesiqhelo ethe tyaba kwaye ibanzi, okanye inde kunye / okanye imxinwa, ejongene nefotosinthesisi. Ngesi sizathu, kumaxa amaninzi kungumbala oluhlaza kuba ine-chlorophyll, yona leyo ngumbala oyinika umbala.
Amacandelo amabini ahlukile: icala elingasentla, elilicala elingaphezulu, kunye nelasezantsi, elilicala elisezantsi. Umphezulu uhlala unombala oqaqambileyo kunangaphantsi; Nangona kunjalo, kokugqibela phantse kuhlala kulula ukubona imithambo-luvo ukuze incindi ijikeleze.
Kumagqabi eentlobo ezininzi, ngakumbi ezo zemithi, ii-pores zikwabonakala ngokucacileyo, ngaphandle kwesidingo seglasi yokukhulisa okanye imicroscope (nangona unayo, sicebisa ukuba uyigcine. Ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuyonwabela).
UPeterole
I-petiole, enokuba nde, imfutshane, okanye ingabikho, yinxalenye edibanisa iphepha kunye nesiqu. Luhlobo lwesiqu, phantse luhlale lubhityile, lungaphantsi kweesentimitha eziyi-0, olunemisebenzi emithathu ebalulekileyo:
- Enye kukubonelela ngozinzo kwiphepha, ukunqanda kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba lonakaliswe xa umoya uvuthuza ngamandla okanye imvula, umzekelo;
- enye kukubonelela ngencindi eluhlaza (evela kwiingcambu, kwaye iqulethe amanzi kunye neetyuwa zetyuwa);
- kwaye ekugqibeleni kukuhambisa incindi esetyenziweyo (iiproteni, iikhabhohayidrethi, kunye nokunye ukutya okusetyenzwe ngefotosinthesisi) ngesiqu somthi kwaye, kwakhona, kwinkqubo yengcambu.
Imigqaliselo
Ezinye izityalo, emazantsi e-petiole zinamagqabi amabini "akhula ejongene wathi petiole ebizwa stipules. Banoxanduva lokukhusela amagqabi amatsha, ke xa begqiba ukuvuthwa bahlala bewa.
Isingxobo
Isingxobo sisiseko se-petiole, oko kukuthi, yinxalenye ejoyina isiqu sesityalo. Yandiswa kancinci ukuze iphepha lixhaswe kakuhle. Umbala uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, kodwa uhlala ubamnyama kunolo lwe-lamina.
Zeziphi iintlobo zamagqabi ezikhoyo?
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Mushii
Zininzi iintlobo zamagqabi, kakhulu kangangokuba zinokuhlelwa ngeendlela ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo: ngokokuba banazo na iipetiyoli, kuxhomekeke kwindlela eyahlula ngayo i-blade, ukuba injani na imilo yayo, zithini iimpawu zomphetho, nokuba ubambo. Ke sine:
- Ngokutsho kwepetiole: kukho amagqabi anayo, kunye nezinye ezingenayo. Ezi zangaphambili zibizwa ngokuba ngamagqabi e-petiolate, kunye nelinye i-sessile.
- Ngokwesahlulo selimbo: Anokuba ngamagqabi alula (Oko kukuthi, anelade engazahluliyo) okanye ikhompawundi.
- Ngokwemo yayo: amagqabi anokumila okweentliziyo, okweqanda, elliptical, i-lanceolate, i-acicular, i-linear, i-palmate, i-reniform, i-oblong, ...
- Ngokutsho komphetho: umphetho okanye umda wamagqabi unokuba uphelele, wavy, lobed, serrated, split or toothed.
- Ngokwembambo yayo: Zingaba zii-palminervias, oko kukuthi, imithambo-luvo ihanjiswe ngendlela yokuba ibonakale ngathi yeyentende yesandla; i-penninervias, xa kubonakala eyona luvo luphambili luvela kwezinye; kunye nee-parallelinervias, xa imithambo-luvo ihanjiswa phantse ngokufana kulo lonke igqabi.
Kwaye sinokuzihlela ngenye indlela: kuxhomekeke ekubeni zihlala zingapheliyo okanye ziphelelwe lixesha. Ezokuqala zezi zihlala kwizityalo iinyanga okanye iminyaka eliqela kwaye ngomzuzu othile ziye ziwe kancinci kancinci, njengoko zintsha zivela; eyokugqibela, kwelinye icala, zezo ziwa qho ngonyaka, xa iimeko zingavumi (umzekelo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba amaqondo obushushu aqala ukwehla kakhulu, okanye kuba imvula iyema).
Ngaba ubuzazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamagqabi kunye namalungu awo?