Ilettuce (iLactuca sativa)

Ilettuce yimifuno esiyityayo unyaka wonke, yiyo loo nto Yenye yezo zifuna ixesha elincinci ukukhula. Ngapha koko, kwisithuba nje seenyanga ezintathu siya kuba nakho ukuyiqokelela ukulungiselela, umzekelo, iisaladi ezimnandi.

Kodwa enye yezinto ezilungileyo ngayo kukuba inokulinywa egadini, kunye nasembizeni. Ngesi sizathu, nokuba unayo ibhalkhoni kuphela ungonwabela iletisi emnandi ngaphandle kokuyithenga Ivenkile enkulu.

Yintoni ilettuce?

Ilettuce, egama layo linzululwazi ILactuca sativa, ngumfuno othi, kuxhomekeke kwimozulu, unokuba ngonyaka (Oko kukuthi, ukusuka ekuhlumeni ukuya ekudubuleni kuphela iinyanga ezimbalwa) okanye kabini ngonyaka (ehlala malunga neminyaka emibini, enikezela eyokuqala ukuvelisa amagqabi, kwaye eyesibini intyatyambo ivelise iziqhamo). Ifunyanwa kwimimandla eshushu yaseYurophu, nangona namhlanje ilinywa kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, ngaphandle kweendawo ezibandayo njengeepali.

Amagqabi ayo zikhule zibe yi-basal rosette loo nto ayiqheleki ukudlula iisentimitha ezingama-30 ukuphakama. Ziqhele ukuba ziluhlaza ngombala, kodwa zisenokuba mdaka / bomvu kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwazo. Xa ifikelela ebudaleni, isiqu seentyatyambo sivela embindini, sifikelela kwimitha enye ukuphakama. Iintyatyambo zimalunga neemilimitha ezili-1 ubude, kwaye zivelisa iziqhamo zemilimitha eziyi-10-6 ezibizwa ngokuba ziiachenes.

Iindidi zelethisi

Zininzi iintlobo zelethisi, kodwa ezona zikhula ngokubanzi, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zezi zilandelayo:

• Ilettuce 'iBatavia': yenza i-rosette ejikeleziweyo, eyenziwe ngamagqabi ajikelezayo.
• Iletisi 'Igqabi lom-oki': Inokufana okuthe ngqo kunangaphambili, kodwa endaweni yokuba inamagqabi aluhlaza, inamagqabi aluhlaza namdaka.
• Iletisi 'Iceberg': yenza i-rosette yamagqabi aluhlaza agudileyo, asondelelene. Kakhulu kangangokuba yeyona indala inamathela ngamanye amaxesha. Bona ifayile.
• Ilettuce 'Ummangaliso wehlobo': inamagqabi agudileyo, atyheli-luhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha imida imdaka.
• Ilettuce emfusa: Ngulawo unamagqabi ansomi, njengoko igama lawo lisitsho. Ngokungafaniyo nabanye, incasa yayo ikrakra kancinci.
• Ilettuce egobileyo: luhlobo lwelettuce enamagqabi aluhlaza kwaye agobileyo.
• ilethasa yamaroma: inamagqabi agudileyo naluhlaza, adla ngokukhula ame nkqo.
• Ilettuce 'iTrocadero': Iyafana ne-Iceberg, umahluko wokuba ayenzi luhlaza.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Iindidi zelethisi kunye neepropathi zazo

Ukulima ilettuce

Ikhuliswa njani ilettuce? Ukuze yonke into ihambe kakuhle, sicebisa ukuba uthathele ingqalelo oku kulandelayo:

Ubicación

La ILactuca sativa sisityalo esithi Kufuneka iboniswe elangeni ngqo. Kwaye ukuba ibibekwe emthunzini, amagqabi aya kukhula ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa, kwaye ihlumelo belingenakuba nophuhliso oluhle. Ngenxa yoko, unokugqibela ngelettuce ebuthathaka.

Kodwa kwakhona, kuya kufuneka ucinge ukuba ineengcambu, kodwa ayinabungozi. Njengoko ingakhuli kakhulu, ayifuni kuphuhlisa inkqubo yeengcambu ezinde kakhulu okanye zomelele kakhulu; ngayo, kunokwenzeka ukuyikhulisa embizeni ngaphandle kwengxaki.

Umhlaba

• Kubongwe: kubalulekile ukuba igcwaliswe zizinto ezikhanyayo, ezinje nge-substrate yegadi yasezidolophini (iyathengiswa apha), mulch exutywe ne-30% ye-perlite, okanye i-substrate yendalo iphela.
• EgadiniIlettuce ifuna umhlaba ochumileyo, ofunxwe kakuhle, kungenjalo kuya kuba nzima ukukhula.

Unkcenkceshelo

Kuya kufuneka unkcenkceshelwe rhoqo, kodwa kuthintelwe ukugqitha. Ngokubanzi, ukuba ikhuliswe ehlotyeni, iya kunkcenkceshelwa malunga namaxesha ama-3-4 ngeveki, kuxhomekeke kumaqondo obushushu nokuba iyanetha okanye ayina. Kwaye kukuba kushushu, umhlaba uya koma ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi ukuba kusembizeni.

Kwimeko apho ikhuliswe ngamanye amaxesha onyaka, iya kunkcenkceshelwa kancinci kodwa ihlala ikhumbula ukuba ukungena kwamanzi kufanele kuthintelwe.

Umbhalisi

Kuba iletisi sisityalo esityiwayo Kukhethwa ukuba uchume ngezichumiso zendalo hayi ngezichumisi zemichiza. Kodwa ukuba sinayo embizeni, kungcono ukusebenzisa izichumisi ezingamanzi kuba ngale ndlela izakufunxa izondlo ngokukhawuleza.

Njengemizekelo yezichumisi ezilungileyo zesityalo sethu sibonisa i-guano kunye ne-algae extract (iyathengiswa apha), kokubini ukutyeba kwabo okunesondlo kunye nokusebenza ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa ewe, le yokugqibela kufuneka isetyenziswe kumaxesha ngamaxesha, njengoko inealkali kakhulu. Umzekelo, ungahlawula inyanga enye, kunye nenyanga elandelayo nenye.

Ukuphindaphinda

Ukuphindaphindwa ngembewu, ngesiqhelo entwasahlobo kodwa kunokwenzeka nasehlotyeni, kwaye nasekwindla ukuba une-greenhouse. Khumbula nje ukuba kuthabatha iinyanga ezintathu ukuze amagqabi avuthwe kwaye alungele ukutyiwa, kwaye ayinakukwazi ukumelana nengqele.

Imbewu inokuhlwayelwa kwiitreyi zezithole (zilungele ukulinywa, kuba ziyazivumela ukuba zilawulwe kwaye ziququzelele ukufakelwa okulandelayo), iimbiza, izixhobo zokutyala. Beka ngokwahlukileyo kwaye kwindawo enelanga. Amanzi amaxesha ngamaxesha kwaye uza kubona ukuba zikhula kakuhle.

Ukutshintshwa

Ukutshintshwa iyakwenziwa kwakamsinya nje ukuba iingcambu zivele ngemingxunya yokuhambisa amanzi ebhedini yeembewu. Xa kuvela amathandabuzo, into eyenziwayo kukucinezela imbiza okanye ibhedi yembewu kancinci ngeminwe ukukhupha umhlaba kuyo, emva koko ngesandla esinye ubambe isityalo phantsi kwamagqabi, kwaye usitsale ngononophelo ubheke phezulu.

Ukuba siyabona ukuba ibhola yeengcambu iyaphuma ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuba uyityale embizeni enkulu okanye emhlabeni.

Izinambuzane

Izitshabalalisi zelettuce zezi zilandelayo:

• Uhambo: Zizinambuzane ezifanayo nezezindlebe kodwa zincinci kakhulu. Zitya incindi yamagqabi, kwaye zinokudlulisela izifo ezinjengentsholongwane yetamati. Olunye ulwazi.
• Abavukuzi: Yimbungu yedipteran emingxunya yemigca kumagqabi.
• Impukane emhlophe: sisinambuzane esiphaphazelayo, esimhlophe, esilinganisa malunga neesentimitha eziyi-0,5. Itya incindi yamagqabi. Olunye ulwazi.
• Zintwala: I-aphid sisitshabalalisi esiza kusibona emagqabini. Zilinganisa malunga neesentimitha eziyi-0,5, kwaye ziluhlaza, tyheli okanye zimnyama. Olunye ulwazi.

Ziyalwa ngamayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi, njenge-diatomaceous Earth, isepha ye-potassium (iyathengiswa apha) okanye ioyile yemem.

Izifo

Ukuba sithetha ngezifo, ezo zinokukuchaphazela zezi:

• I-anthracnose: Ngumngundo obangela ukuvela kwamabala amdaka kwimida yamagqabi.
• IBotrytis: ngumngundo ogquma amagqabi ngomgubo omhlophe. Olunye ulwazi.
• Ngumbungu: yenye yefungus egquma amagqabi ngohlobo lomgubo ongwevu. Olunye ulwazi.
• Sclerotinia: Ngumngundo ochaphazela amagqabi, ubangela ukuba agutyungelwe luhlobo lomgubo omhlophe.
• NgoSeptoria: sisifo sokungunda esibonakala ngokuvela kwamabala amhlophe kunye nomda omnyama emagqabini.
• Intsholongwane kaMosisi yelethisi: yintsholongwane echaphazela amagqabi. Ibenza bakhule bekhubazekile ngandlela ithile, balahle umbala kwaye bajike babe mdaka.
• Utamatisi wentsholongwaneNgaphandle kwegama layo, ichaphazela nezinye izityalo, njengeletisi. Siza kubona ukuba sinamagqabi aneendawo ezineklorotic, ezijika zibe mdaka ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuqala kwimida.

Izifo ezithwala imingxunya ziphathwa ngobhedu okanye isalfure (njenge enye), Ezizibulala ukungunda. Kodwa kwiintsholongwane akukho lonyango.

Ukuvuna

Iileta ziya kuba zilungile malunga neenyanga ezintathu emva kokuhlwayela. Nje ukuba bafikelele ekuvuthweni okwaneleyo, amagqabi ayanqunyulwa kwaye agcinwe efrijini kangangeveki. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uzigcine kwakhona njengoko zonakalisa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Ilethasi Thwala ingqelekodwa hayi amaqondo obushushu aqandayo.

Isebenzisa ntoni?

La ILactuca sativa ikhulile ngexabiso layo lesondlo. Umzekelo, kwiigram ezili-100 zonke usinika iikhalori ezili-13 (1% yento ekucetyiswa ngayo yonke imihla), iimiligram eziyi-3,7 zevithamini C (6% yemali ekucetyiswa ngayo), okanye iimiligram ezingama-3312 zevithamini A (kucetyiswa i-110%). Njengokuba oko kwakungonelanga, iqulethe i-95,63 yeegram zamanzi, kunye ne-1,35 yeeprotheyini (i-2% yemali yemihla ngemihla ecetyiswayo).

Kuqhelekile kwiisaladi, kodwa sinokuzifumana nakwiihambhega, ipizza kunye nezinye.. Unokwazi nokulungiselela ukumiliselwa kwelettuce okuya kusinceda silale ngcono. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka kuphela malunga namagqabi amahlanu esiya kuwabilisa epanini ngamanzi. Emva kwexesha, siyabasusa kwaye sishiyeke kuphela kulwelo oluneziphumo. Le yinto ekufuneka siyisele ngaphambi kokuba silale.

Zithini izibonelelo zelethisi?

Inezibonelelo ezininzi. Ngapha koko, kunomdla kakhulu ukukubandakanya ekutyeni, nangaliphi na ixesha. Umzekelo:

• Inceda ukulwa neanemianjengoko ityebe ngentsimbi.
• Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuqhina, ngenxa yomxholo wefayibha ephezulu.
• It isisityebi iivithamini ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngo-A, E no-C.
• Es Iikhalori eziphantsi kakhuluKungenxa yoko le nto kucetyiswa ukuba abo bafuna ukunciphisa umzimba okanye ukugcina ubunzima babo.

Kwaye nangona ingesosibonelelo, ilula kwaye intsha. Ilungele ukulungiselela iisaladi zelethisi, ngakumbi kwezona ntsuku zishushu zonyaka, xa ufuna ukonwabela ukutya okulula.

Uyonwabele ngokwenene ilettuce ekhulayo.