Los imithi kunye izityalo phantse sigubungele phantse wonke umhlaba, kuphela kwiipali esinokubanobunzima bokufumana nayiphi na. Ngombulelo kubo, ubomi kwiplanethi bunokubakho, kuba izilwanyana zixhomekeke kwioksijini abazikhupha ngamagqabi abo. Kodwa siyabanceda nathi, ngokugxotha ikharbon diokside abayisebenzisayo ukwenza iglucose… neoksijini. Ke, kunokuthiwa umjikelo ugqityiwe, nangona inyani yileya imifuno yavela kudala phambi kwezilwanyana 🙂.
Phakathi kwazo zonke, enye yezona zinto zitsale ingqalelo ingakumbi zezi ze-arboreal. Ngaba uyazi ukuba imithi ifotoyinthesize njani? Akunjalo? Siyakucacisela.
Yintoni ifotosinthesisi?
I-photosynthesis yinkqubo yokwenza ukutya ngazo zonke izityalo. Ukuze bayenze badinga iklorofili, eyinto eluhlaza ekhoyo emagqabini. I-Chlorophyll ifunxa ukukhanya kwelanga, kunye ne-carbon dioxide, enokuguqula incindi eluhlaza (amanzi kunye neetyuwa zetyuwa ezithi zifunxe iingcambu emhlabeni) okanye zenze incindi ehlaziyiweyo. Esinye seziphumo zale nkqubo, ngaphandle kokukhula kwesityalo, yioksijini ephuma kumagqabi.
Kodwa njengoko sisazi, kukho imithi ethi ngamanye amaxesha onyaka (isenokuba ehlotyeni ukuba bahlala kwindawo ezomileyo kwaye ezishushu, okanye ekwindla-ebusika ukuba bahlala kwimimandla ebanda kakhulu) abanamagqabi. Ngaba nabo benza ifotosinthesize? Hayi abanako. Ngezi nyanga bazakuphila ngezakha-mzimba abazigcinileyo unyaka wonke.
Ngaba imithi enqumlayo yenza ifotosinthesize ebusika?
Imithi evuthulukayo, oko kukuthi, leyo iphelelwa ngamagqabi ngaxa lithile enyakeni, ikwazile ukuhlala iphila ngexesha lelona xesha likhula kakhulu. Njani? Ewe, kuvela ukuba esiqwini kunye nakumasebe banee-pores ezikhethekileyo, ezibizwa ngokuba Iilensi.
Ezi zenziwe ngelaphu elinoboya, kwaye inoxanduva lotshintshiselwano ngeeatmosfera kunye nengaphakathi kuqweqwe. Ngayo, imithi enqumlayo iyakwazi ukuphefumla nokubila, kwaye ke isinde. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngesi sihloko, Cofa apha:
Izigaba zefotosinthesisi
I-photosynthesis yinkqubo ehamba ngamanqanaba amabini, ekuthiwa zizigaba ezikhanyayo nezimnyama:
Cacisa inqanaba
Kwenzeka xa ukukhanya kubetha amagqabi, ngokukodwa kwi-pigment esiyazi ngokuba yi-chlorophyll. Emva kothotho lweempendulo zamachiza, la mandla aguqulwa aba yi-ATP kunye ne-NADPH enzymes, eya kuthi emva koko isetyenziswe kwinqanaba elimnyama. Ukongeza, iimolekyuli zamanzi ziqhekeza ukukhupha ioksijini.
Inqanaba elimnyama
Kule nqanaba, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiCalvin-Benson Cycle, iimveliso ezifunyenwe kwinqanaba elicacileyo elongezwe kwi-carbon dioxide (CO2) zisetyenziselwa ukufumana iicarbohydrateOko kukuthi, ukutya kwezityalo.
Inalo eli gama kuba ihlala yenzeka ebusuku, kodwa ukuba inqanaba elicacileyo lamandla ombane alikho, liya kwenzeka kuphela emini.
Imephu yefotosinthesis
Kule mephu ungabona ukuba 'luhlaza' njani ikhaya lethu, uMhlaba. Njengoko ubona, kukwakho nezityalo kwizilwandlekazi: ulwelwe kunye nephytoplankton. Inomdla, akunjalo? Abantu baxhomekeke kubo ukuze baphile, kodwa ukuba siyaqhubeka nokutshisa amahlathi nokungcolisa iilwandle, asiyi kuba nanto.
Ngaba amahlathi ngumphunga oyinyani womhlaba?
Kuyatshiwo ukuba iindawo ezinjengehlathi laseAmazon okanye amahlathi aseArctic yimiphunga yeplanethi, kodwa iyinyani kangakanani loo nto? Nangona kunzima ukukholelwa, hayi kakhulu. Ngokwe- kufunda, Amahlathi emvula avelisa kuphela i-28% yeoksijini esemhlabeni. Kuninzi, kodwa hayi, ayisiyomphunga, kodwa zizinto ezincinci ezenza iphytoplankton, kunye ne-algae kunye neplankton.
Oku kukhulula ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-70 zegesi exabisekileyo nebalulekileyo ekufuneka siyiphefumle. Esinye isizathu sokukhathalela iilwandle, apho bahlala khona.
Ucinga ntoni ngalo mbandela?
Ngaliphi ixesha lemini apho amagqabi emithi enza ifotosinthesize?
Molo Jorge.
Imithi, njengezinye izityalo, yenza ifotosinthesize ngokukhawuleza xa kuphuma ilanga, kwaye ziyalala "ebusuku.
A ubingelele.