Njengoko uninzi lwenu sele lusazi, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphindaphinda imifuno. Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukuhlolelwa. Ngobu buchule sinokufumana iintlobo ezininzi zokuhluma kwisityalo esinye, ukuba nje zikolunye uhlobo, kunjalo. Lukhetho olufanelekileyo kweminye imithi yeziqhamo, njengezityalo zamakhiwane. Kodwa ungamiliselwa njani umkhiwane?
Kweli nqaku siza kuphendula lo mbuzo mkhulu. echaza inyathelo ngenyathelo indlela yokwenza. Ukongeza, siya kuthi liliphi ixesha elifanelekileyo lonyaka lokuqhuba lo msebenzi, ukuze siphumelele ngesiphumo. Ngoko ukuba ucinga ngokufakela umkhiwane, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
Yintoni i-graft kwaye yenzelwe ntoni?
Ngaphambi kokuba sichaze indlela yokumiliselwa komkhiwane, siza kuqala sichaze ukuba yintoni obu buchule kunye nokuba busetyenziselwa ntoni. Le ndlela isekelwe ekusebenziseni iqhekeza lesityalo nokulidibanisa nelinye ukuze, xa sele lihlonyelwe, zenze isityalo esinye. Inxalenye esiyifakelweyo kwisityalo esithile idibana naso kwaye ikwazi ukufumana izondlo ngaso. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ukuphucula iimpawu zesityalo ngokunyusa ukuxhathisa kunye / okanye ukuphucula iziqhamo zaso okanye imveliso yaso.
Ukuze i-graft iphumelele, Kubalulekile ukuba i-cambium yezityalo zombini idibane, elilungu langaphakathi eliluhlaza elifumaneka phantsi kwexolo. Ngumaleko omncinci kakhulu weeseli. Iiseli ezijongene nokudala izicubu ze-vascular ziveliswa kuyo, apho i-sap enezondlo kunye namanzi ziphela zijikeleza. Ngokuveliswa kwezi zicubu zitsha zenziwe yicambium, zombini iziqwenga zesityalo ziya kukwazi ukuhlangana kunye.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukwayimfuneko ukuba iindidi zimiliselwe ukuze zibe nengcambu ehambelanayo ukuze umanyano lube yimpumelelo. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba uxhulumaniso kufuneka lwenziwe phakathi kweentlobo zodidi olunye. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iimeko apho iintlobo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ziye zakwazi ukumiliselwa, nangona bezisoloko zihlobene. Umzekelo, kuyenzeka ukuba kuhlonyelwe umthi wepere (owe-genus IPyrus) kwiquince (yegenus ICydonia). Ezinye iintlobo ezivuma ukuxhunyelelwa phakathi kwazo yipistachio kunye ne terebinth.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zegrafti. Ezi ziyohluka ikakhulu ngendlela yazo yokuphunyezwa kwaye ezinye zinokuba ngcono kwizityalo ezithile kunezinye. Ukwenza obu buchule ngokufanelekileyo, unokufumana imithi ekhangayo ngokwenene, eyona idumileyo yi umthi we-frankenstein. Lo mzekelo unomdla wenziwa ngutitshala wezobugcisa waseMelika ogama linguSam Van Aken kwaye uvelisa iindidi ezingama-40 zeziqhamo ezizezohlobo. Prunus.
Indlela yokumilisela umthi womkhiwane inyathelo ngenyathelo
Ekubeni ngoku sisazi ukuba buyintoni na ubugcisa bokuxhunyelelwa, kufanele kuthiwe aludli ngokusetyenziswa ekusasazeni imikhiwane, ekubeni kulula yaye kuphumelela ngakumbi ukuphindaphinda le mithi ngokusika isebe uze ulityale ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukufakelwa komkhiwane ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ukuqokelela iindidi ezahlukeneyo baze ngaloo ndlela bafumane umthi ovelisa iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zamakhiwane.
Le mifuno ivame ukusabela kakuhle kolu buchule, ngoko umphumo udla ngokuphumelela. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, eyona isetyenziswayo yile ibizwa ngokuba "isabhokhwe kunye nolwimi lokuxhunyelelwa". Okulandelayo siza kuxubusha indlela yokuhlohla umkhiwane inyathelo nenyathelo:
- Khetha umamkeli: Isenokuba lisebe lomkhiwane wethu okanye iqhekeza elisikiweyo.
- Khetha inzala: Kubalulekile ukuba ilingane nomninimzi.
- Lungiselela umamkeli: Sisebenzisa imela ebukhali kakhulu, kufuneka sinqumle phakathi kwe-2,5 kunye ne-6,3 yeesentimitha, sijonge ezantsi umda. Ukusikwa kufuneka kube nzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze sibone inxalenye eluhlaza yangaphakathi ephantsi kwexolo.
- Yenza "ulwimi": Kwinginginya kufuneka senze ukusikwa, kwakhona sithambekele ezantsi, siqale malunga nesinye kwisithathu sendlela ukuya phezulu, ngokusekwe kwisisikwa sokuqala. Ngenxa yoko siya kufumana isiqwenga esifana nolwimi, kungoko igama.
- Susa isiqu: Ngoku lixesha lokusika iqhekeza lomthi womkhiwane esifuna ukumilisela kulo umamkeli. Ngokufanelekileyo, kuya kufuneka ubuncinci ube ne-buds ezintathu eziqala ukubunjwa kwazo. Kufuneka sisike isiqwenga esimalunga ne-10 ukuya kwi-15 yeesentimitha ubude kwaye sisuse amagqabi esinawo.
- Yenza "ulwimi" kwisiqu: Kuya kufuneka uyenze ngendlela efanayo nomninimzi, kodwa kulo mzekelo kufuneka sithambekise ukusika phezulu.
- Ukufaka isiqu kumamkeli: Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukulinganisa isiqu kwinginginya, kanye kwindawo eluhlaza yangaphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuyilungelelanisa kakuhle. Kufuneka silumke singanwebisi isiphelo se-scion kude kakhulu ekupheleni komninimzi, njengoko oku kunokubangela ukubonakala kwefowuni xa i-graft iqala ukuphilisa, ngaloo ndlela iphazamise ukukhula.
- Songa zombini iziqwenga kunye: Ekugqibeleni kusala ukusonga iziqwenga ezibini ngeteyiphu ecacileyo, ethi kwezinye iindawo ikwaziwa njenge tape yomthi. Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, xa i-graft sele isebenze, lixesha lokususa i-tape.
Kwenziwa nini ukumiliselwa komkhiwane?
Sakuba sicacelwe ngendlela yokumiliselwa komkhiwane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ixesha lokuwenza. Ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo lonyaka kubalulekile ukuze obu buchule buphumelele. Okona kulungileyo kukumilisela imithi entlakohlaza. Ngeli xesha, imifuno ihluma ngokupheleleyo kunye nokukhula, okuya kuthanda obu buchule. Sinokuwenza lo msebenzi ekupheleni kwehlobo, ngelinye ixesha ngo-Agasti. Nangona kunjalo, i-graft esiyenza emva kwexesha ayisayi kuvelisa amahlumelo amatsha kude kube yintlakohlaza elandelayo.
Ngalo lonke olu lwazi malunga nendlela yokumiliselwa komkhiwane, kufuneka sihla sisebenze. Ukuba sikwenza ngokufanelekileyo, siya kufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamakhiwane kumthi omnye, nto leyo enenzuzo kakhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi.