Siyazi ukuba umthi wepayini Ngumthi owaziwayo phantse kuwo wonke umhlaba kwaye uhlwayelwe ukwenza amahlathi ngenxa yokukhula kwawo kunye nezibonelelo zokuhlaziya umhlaba. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zephayini ezaziwa ngegama eliqhelekileyo lepine emnyama. Igama layo lenzululwazi ngu UPinus uncinata. Ingesosapho lakwaPinaceae kwaye ngumthi omkhulu ngokwaneleyo oneempawu ezithanda ukukhula kolunye uhlalutyo lwezityalo nezilwanyana.
Kule nqaku siza kukubonisa ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zalo mthi, ukusetyenziswa kwawo kunye nokunyamekela.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Indawo yokuhlala yale payini ziintaba zeNtshona Yurophu. Ihlala ikhula kumhlaba ofumileyo ofumaneka kwi-1.000 yeemitha ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Imelana nekhephu kunye nengqele kakuhle, ke ayinangxaki ekumelaneni neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeke kuphuhliso lwayo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo, ukuphakama kwayo kunokuba phakathi kweemitha ezili-10 ukuya kuma-20. Inesithsaba esinohlobo lwephiramidi kunye namanqanaba esiseko.
Inomboko wesilinda kwaye ayiqheleki ukukhula igobile, kodwa kunokuba ithi nkqo. Amahlathi abumba iPinus uncinata akhetha ukukhula kolunye uhlalutyo lwezityalo nezilwanyana. Umzekelo, i-grouse ikhula ibulela kwipine emnyama. Nangona ikwazi ukumelana neqabaka kwaye inesakhono esifanelekileyo sokuhlaziya umhlaba owonakeleyo, inovakalelo oluthile kutshintsho lokusingqongileyo. Ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu okanye amaxesha emvula enzima anefuthe elibonakalayo kuphuhliso, ukukhula kunye nendawo yokuhanjiswa.
Luhlobo olukhula kancinci kancinci, ke ukuba nayo kwigadi yethu kunokuba yinto efanelekileyo kuphela kwesona sigulana. Kukho imizekelo engaphezu kweminyaka engama-400 ubudala. Ngokwesiqhelo, baneminyaka eli-120 ubudala ukuba baqale ukuphulukana namandla abo okuzala kwakhona.
Amaxolo ayo atyebile kwaye umbala ungwevu. Yahlulahlulwe yangamacwecwe angama squamous emilo emboxo. Amagqabi anazo kwi-fascicles ezibini, nangona ngamanye amaxesha zifunyanwa zijikeleze iziqhuma ezingaphezulu kumaqela e-3. Yiyo loo nto ifumana igama lepayini emnyama.
Umungu oqulethwe kwiicones ezimthubi okanye ezibomvu ubugxothiweyo ngenyanga kaMeyi ukuya kuJulayi ukuze uphinde uvelise.
Uluhlu kunye nendawo yokuhlala
El UPinus Uncinata Inemvelaphi yaseYurophu. Ukukwazi kwayo ukumelana namaqondo obushushu abandayo kwaye asezantsi kakhulu kuyenza ube nakho ukuphuhlisa ukusuka kwi-1.000 yeemitha ukuya kwi-2.300 yeemitha ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle. Umda wokumelana nengqele kunye nomkhenkce uhlala ujikeleze -23 degrees.
Ngokwendalo, sinokuyifumana kumbindi nasentshona yeAlps. ESpain, siyifumana kwiiPyrenees nakwindawo yeGirona. Kwinkqubo ye-Iberia banokufumaneka kubude obuphakathi kwe-1.500 kunye ne-2.000 yeemitha.
Kukho iindawo apho kulinywa ipine emnyama ukuze kutyalwe amahlathi okanye kusetyenziselwe urhwebo. Umzekelo, eSierra Nevada iyalinywa. Ngokuphathelele indawo yokuhlala, iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nendawo ebandayo neyomileyo. Ngesi sizathu, yenza amahlathi amnyama kwaye inceda ezinye iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ukuba zikhule. Idla ngokuba lolona hlobo lubalaseleyo xa luxutywe nezinye iintlobo zezityalo kwindawo enye yokuhlala.
Kunqabile ukuyibona kwiindawo eziphantsi, kodwa xa ibonwa, zihlala zinxulumene ne- UPinus sylvestris kunye ityhubhu. Eyona mimandla yonakaliswe kakhulu kukucoceka emhlabeni inokuvuselelwa kwakhona kubukho be UPinus uncinata.
Njani UPinus uncinata
Kuba izityalo zine-autotrophic, ziyakwazi ukuvelisa ukutya kwazo emanzini nakwimisebenzi yelanga. Lo mthi uthatha amanzi kunye neetyuwa zetyuwa ezikhoyo emhlabeni usebenzisa iingcambu zawo. Inkqubo yeengcambu zayo inkulu kakhulu kwaye ineengcambu ezikhulu nezingqindilili ezisemacaleni Iyakwazi ukukhupha umxholo ophezulu wezondlo. Ezi ngcambu ziphuma ngaphandle de zingene ematyeni apho zihlala khona kwaye ziqhekeze ngokupheleleyo. Ngumxube ophakathi kweetyiwa zezimbiwa abazifunxa kunye namanzi enza incindi eluhlaza.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yefotosinthesisi, incindi eluhlaza eye yenziwa ngeetyuwa zamaminerali kunye namanzi isebenzisa amandla elanga ukuguqula ibe yiglucose neoksijini. Ioksijini ikhutshelwa kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye imveliso yokugqibela yincindi ecacisiweyo. Ukusebenza kwale nkqubo yokukwazi ukuguqula isiraphu eluhlaza ukuba icaciswe Kuxhomekeka kwiiproteni ezikwaziyo ukufaka ukukhanya kwelanga.
Nje ukuba ubisi olwenziweyo lwenziwe, ngenxa yobuninzi beenqanawa ezinemithi, bayakwazi ukuhambisa incindi esele yenziwe kwisityalo esipheleleyo. I-xylem yinkqubo enoxanduva lokuthwala amanzi kunye neetyuwa zamaminerali kunye nefloem ephethe iimolekyuli zeswekile.
Eyona nto isetyenziswayo rhoqo
El UPinus uncinata Inokusetyenziswa okuninzi, kubandakanya eyorhwebo. Kungenxa yokuba iinkuni zayo zikumgangatho olungileyo, zilungelelene ngenxa yengqolowa yayo entle. Ndiyabulela kolu lwakhiwo, luvumela ukusebenza iinkuni ngokulula, zisenza imveliso ekumgangatho olungileyo. Isetyenziswa kwindawo yolwakhiwo ukwenza ifanitshala, ukuchwela kunye nokubasa.
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, sifumana ulwandiso olukhulu lwompayini omnyama kwiiPyrenees. Kule ndawo iinkuni zayo zisetyenziswa ngamagcisa kwindawo yokujika izinto. Zisetyenziselwa ukwakha izixhobo zomculo kunye nezinye iziqwenga zomthi.
Kwaye kukuba iipropathi zomthi wale pine zifunwa kakhulu kwicandelo leenkuni ngomgangatho. Nangona kunjalo, maninzi amanye amacandelo akhethekileyo angazaziyo izibonelelo kulwakhiwo. Umzekelo, abayili abaninzi abayazi ukuba luncedo kweenkuni.
Njengoko ubona, UPinus uncinata Ngumthi owaziwayo nothandwayo oneempawu ezintle.