Iphayini (iPinus)

El umthi wepayini yenye yeeconifers esinokuyifumana ikakhulu kwi-hemisphere esemantla. Ngokwesiqhelo, iyakhula njengomthi kwaye ingagqitha kwiimitha ezilishumi, nangona zikhona ezinye iintlobo ezihlala zizihlahla.

Nangona namhlanje iingcambu zawo zaziwa ngokungangenisi, isisesona sityalo sithandwa kakhulu kwizitiya. Lo nto ukuba ucinga ukutyala enye, ungathandabuzi ukuqhubeka nokufunda 🙂.

Umvelaphi

Iphayini sisidiliya esihlala sihleli (Iphulukana neenaliti -amagqabi- kancinci- kancinci njengoko iintsuku zihamba) inzalelwane yoMntla weIkhweyitha, ngaphandle UPinus merkusii okanye iSumatran pine ethi, njengoko igama layo libonisa, ihlala kwisiqithi saseSumatra.

Uhlobo, uPinus, yenziwe iindidi ezili-110 isasazwe kuMntla Melika kubandakanya iMexico, iEurasia kubandakanya iCanary Islands, impuma yeRussia, empuma yeSiberia, iPhilippines, iNorway, kunye noMzantsi mpuma weAsia. Uninzi luye lwaziswa kwimimandla epholileyo kunye nephantsi kwe-Southern Hemisphere, njengeBrazil, iArgentina, iChile, i-Australia okanye i-Ecuador.

Imbali yendaleko

Le yenye yezona ndidi zakudala zezityalo ezikhoyo, ukusukela oko yavela ngexesha leCarboniferous, Malunga neminyaka engama-300 ezigidi eyadlulayo, kwaye sesinye sezityalo ezimbalwa ezibandakanyiweyo kwisahlulo se imithamboNgamanye amagama, bavelisa "ze" ngembewu, ngaphandle kokukhuselwa. Kucatshangelwa ukuba malunga neminyaka engama-65 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ngexesha lesithathu, uninzi lweentlobo ezikhoyo ngoku zazisele zikhona.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, yayingumthi (ngolu hlobo, ubhalwe ngoonobumba abakhulu) ngokugqwesa. Iintyatyambo, Iinkqubo, azange zibonakale kude kube yiminyaka eyi-140 yezigidi eyadlulayo, ke ukuba sithathela ingqalelo Ipayini yaphumelela kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-260 yezigidi. Ngapha koko, yayikwazi ukuthimba amahlathi emimandla efudumeleyo ngoku eyiYurophu neAsia, phakathi kwama-50 ukuya kuma-70 degrees degrees latitude, ngokulula.

Kodwa olo dumo alunakuhlala lukho ngonaphakade, kwaye xa izityalo zeentyatyambo ziqala ukuvela kwazo, indawo eyayihlala ii-conifers, kwaye ke, iipayini, yaqala ukuncipha.

Kwaye nangona ipine sisityalo esinganyangekiyo, izinga labo lokuhluma kunye nenqanaba lokukhula alinakuthelekiswa nezo ze-angiosperms: ngelixa imbewu yangaphambili ingathatha unyaka omnye ukuba ihlume, leyo yemithi eneentyatyambo inokuhluma kwiiveki ezi-1-2 (ngaphandle kwemeko ezimbalwa). Kwakhona, ii-conifers ngokubanzi ziyacotha, ngelixa iintyatyambo zemithi… kakuhle, azicothanga 🙂.

Izixhobo

Iphayini yi-conifer enesithsaba esinokuba yipiramidi okanye ijikelezwe, ngakumbi xa umncinci, kwaye ibanzi xa sele umdala. Amagqabi, abizwa ngokuba ziinaliti, amgcana, aluhlaza ngombala. Iicones zihlala zibanzi, zinamaxolo, kwaye ziqulathe imbewu enamaphiko. Unokufikelela kubude phakathi kweemitha ezi-3 ukuya kwezingama-60.

Iintlobo eziphambili

• UPinus canariensis: ngu ipayini ye-canary. Njengoko igama layo libonisa, ixhaphake kwiiCanary Islands, kwaye ithathwa nguRhulumente wommandla njengophawu lwendalo lwesiqithi saseLa Palma. Inokufikelela kubude beemitha ezingama-60, ngesiqu esisi-3m. Inobume beparasol xa indala, kunye nepiramidi xa isemncinci.
  Isetyenziselwa iinkuni zayo, kodwa ikwangumhombiso ngobuhle bayo kunye nokumelana nomlilo.
• UPinus halepensis: ngu Ialeppo pine. Yinzalelwane yengingqi yeMeditera, kwaye ifikelela kubude ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25m. Umboko wayo awudli ngokukhula uthi nkqo, nto leyo eyinika inkangeleko ethile yasendle.
  Yenye yezo zichasene ngokugqibeleleyo nobushushu namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, yiyo loo nto isetyenziselwa ukulondolozwa komhlaba osengozini kukhukuliseko lomhlaba. Iinkuni zayo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhokisi.
• UPinus sylvestris: ngu Iphayini yaseScots okanye iScots pine. Yinzalelwane ye-Eurasia kwaye inokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-30 ukuphakama. Olona phawu lwalo lubalulekileyo ngumbala obomvu okanye we-russet we-bark yayo, enika imbonakalo eyodwa. Umboko wayo uthe tye, kwaye isithsaba sayo esidala asiqhelekanga kwaye sibanzi.
  Isetyenziselwa iphepha, ukwakhiwa ngokubanzi kunye nemveliso yamayeza ngenxa ye-antiseptic, diuretic, antiviral, antipyretic, immunostimulating and expectorant properties.
• UPinus nigra: ngu ipayini emnyama, ikwabizwa ngokuba yipayini emnyama okanye ipayini emnyama. Ikhula ukusuka emazantsi eYurophu, ukusuka eSpain kuye kwiCrimea, nakwiAsia Minor, eCyprus nakwindawo ezikwiiNtaba zeAtlas (eAfrika). Ikhula ukuya kubude obuphakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-55 yeemitha, ngesiqu esingaphezulu okanye esingaphantsi ngqo esinamaxolo amdaka ngombala okanye ngwevu emnyama.
  Isetyenziswa njengesihombiso, njengoko ichasene nembalela kakuhle.

Ziintoni ezibakhathazayo?

Ukuba ufuna ikopi, sicebisa ukuba ubonelele ngale nkathalelo ilandelayo:

Ubicación

Ukuba sisityalo esiqhele ukuba sikhulu kwaye sineengcambu, Kufuneka ityalwe ngaphandle, kumgama omalunga neemitha ezilishumi ukusuka kwimibhobho, imigangatho, iindonganjl. Kubalulekile ukuba ilanga elipheleleyo, ngaphandle koko aliyi kukhula kakuhle.

Umhlaba

Iya kuxhomekeka kwindidi, kodwa kumgaqo ukuba umhlaba uchumile kwaye unayo umjelo olungileyo Akusayi kubakho ngxaki.

Unkcenkceshelo

Iphakathi. Malunga namaxesha ama-2 ngeveki ehlotyeni, kwaye zonke iintsuku ezi-6-7 unyaka uphela.

Umbhalisi

Akuyomfuneko, nangona ukuba uyafuna ungayithatha amaxesha ngamaxesha-zonke iintsuku ezili-15, umzekelo- umbungu womhlaba okanye umgquba weenkomo.

Ukuthena

Ayikhuthazwa. I-Pine sisityalo esithatha imilo yokugqibela njengoko sikhula. Ayifuni ukuthena, ngaphandle kokuba inamasebe athintela indlela, kwimeko apho ungawasusa khona ebusika.

Ukuphindaphinda

Iphindaphindwa ngembewu entwasahlobo. Indlela yokuqhubeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Okokuqala, itreyi yesithombo sehlathi izaliswe yindawo ekhulayo yendawo yonke.
2. Emva koko, inkcenkceshelwa ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ubhedu okanye isalfure iyafefa ukuthintela ukuvela komngundo.
3. Emva koko, imbewu ihlwayelwe, ibeka ubuninzi beesibini kwisiseko ngasinye.
4. Emva koko zigqunywe ngomaleko omncinci we-substrate kwaye unkcenkceshela kwakhona, ngeli xesha ngesitshizi.
5. Okokugqibela, ibhedi yembewu ibekwa ngaphandle, emthunzini okanye kwilanga elipheleleyo.

Ziza kuhluma kwiinyanga ezi-1-2.

Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo

Iyanyamezela, zombini kwizitshabalalisi nakwizifo. Ngoku kukho iintlobo ezithile, njenge UPinus halepensis, esesichengeni ngokukodwa Umngcelele wepayini. Nangona awunakukhathazeka: nge Bacillus thurigensis (kwintengiso Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyoungalwa nayo kakuhle.

Ukongeza, ukuba inkcenkceshelwa ngokungaphezulu ifungi iya kuyenzakalisa. Ukuthintela oku, kufuneka ulawule umngcipheko kwaye, ukuba unomdla wokuthintela kangangoko kunokwenzeka, yiphathe ngobhedu okanye isalfure entwasahlobo nasekwindla.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Kuya kuxhomekeka kwindidi, kodwa uninzi luxhathisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi -18ºC Akukho ngxaki. Ukuba unemibuzo ngayo nayiphi na ethile, nxibelelana nathi 🙂.

Isebenzisa ntoni?

Umhlobiso

I-Pine sisityalo esihombisa kakhulu, esisetyenziswa njenge isampuli eyedwa okanye ngokwamaqela. Zininzi iintlobo ezilwa kunye / okanye ezithintela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, kunye nezinye ezichasene nembalela kunye nongcoliseko.

Njengokuba oko kwakunganelanga, kunokusetyenzwa njengebhonsai. Ukuba ufuna ulwazi ngakumbi ngalo, nqakraza apha.

Unyango

Njengoko besiphawula xa sibona ezona ntlobo ziphambili, ezinye zinempawu zonyango ezinomdla kakhulu, ezinje ngeScots pine. Kodwa lumka, ngaphambi kokuqala naluphi na unyango kufuneka ubonane nogqirha.

Madera

Umthi wepine uxabiseke kakhulu yenza ifanitshala.

Ucinga ntoni ngepayini?