I-Dipladenia sisityalo esikhule ngokubanzi, ngaphakathi kwindlu kunye nakwiindawo kunye neegadi. Inokukhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo eyona nto isitsala nzima ngayo ziintyatyambo zayo ezintle ezimile okwentsimbi. Ngoko ke, xa sibona ukuba uyagula, siye sikhathazeke.
Ngoku, kufuneka wazi ukuba, ngokubanzi, iyaxhathisa ngakumbi kunabanye abakhweli. Nangona kunjalo, Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zeziphi izifo ze-dipladenia kunye nendlela yokunyanga.
Kutheni ugula?
Into yokuqala ekufuneka icace ngayo kukuba i-dipladenia Akusiyo isityalo esisengozini kwizifo, kodwa xa iimeko ezikhulayo okanye ukunyamekelwa kwayo akwanelanga, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba i-microorganisms, ezifana nefungi, ibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, zilimaza.
Ngoko kufuneka wazi kuqala yintoni ekhuthaza usulelo Ukuze uyiphephe kangangoko kunokwenzeka:
- Ukunkcenkceshela kakhulu: xa sinkcenkceshela rhoqo, ngaphandle kokuvumela umhlaba ukuba wome kancinane, iingcambu ziphelelwa ngumoya, ekubeni iimolekyuli zeoksijini zivele zinyamalale njengoko amanzi amaninzi eyongezwa.
- Ukungabikho konkcenkceshelo: nangona kunzima ukuba umngundo, ibhaktiriya kunye/okanye intsholongwane iwusulele xa inxaniwe, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba kukho izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ezifana ne-whiteflies okanye i- mealybugs, ezitsalwa zizityalo ezibuthathaka kwaye zinokuvuselela izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo. ukubonakala kwefungus emnyama. Lo mngundo ugquma amagqabi ngoqweqwe olumnyama, ukuthintela ukuba angaphefumli.
- Ukufuma okugqithisileyo (ngaphakathi): Asithethi ngokunkcenkceshela kakhulu, kodwa ukuba ngaphakathi kwindlu kukho umswakama ophezulu kakhulu kunye namaqondo okushisa aphantsi ngexesha lasebusika. Ezi meko zilungele ukungunda, njenge botrytis.
- Yityale kumhlaba oxineneyo nonzima: umhlaba ongenakukhupha amanzi kakuhle kuphela kubangela iingxaki kwiintlobo ezininzi zezityalo, ezifana ne-dipladenia, ekubeni iingcambu azikwazi nje ukukhula kakuhle, kodwa zihlala zimanzi ixesha elide, kunye nomngcipheko wokubola.
- Imikhwa emibi: ukutshala i-dipladenia ebhodweni ngaphandle kwemingxuma, okanye ukubeka isitya phantsi kwesitya ngaphandle kokuyikhupha emva kokunkcenkceshela nganye, akuyona into enhle. Amanzi ahlala emile kwaye iingcambu ziyafa. Ngokufanayo, ukuba sisebenzisa indawo yokukhula ‘endala’, oko kukuthi, leyo ibikhe yasetyenziselwa ukutyala ezinye izityalo, sisengozini yokwenza i<em>dipladenia igule, ekubeni kusenokubakho iimbewu zokungunda, iibhaktheriya kunye/okanye iintsholongwane kuyo.
Zeziphi izifo onokuba nazo?
Ngoku siyazi ukuba zeziphi izizathu, makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izifo ezinokukuchaphazela:
Ngunda womhlaba
Umfanekiso – Wikimedia/Mary Ann Hansen
Amakhowa kunye zintso Iintsholongwane, ezifana nePhytophthora okanye iPythium, iRhizoctonia, okanye iSclerotium, zii-microorganisms ezihlasela iingcambu. Zithandwa yimihlaba ehlala ifumile (engakhukuliswanga kodwa phantse) kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi, 15ºC nangaphezulu.. Ke ngoko, iimpawu aziyi kubonwa ngeso lenyama njengoko iingcambu zingaphakathi embizeni kwaye zikhula emhlabeni, kodwa sinokuthi intuit, okanye ubuncinci sikrokre, ukuba kukho into engalunganga nge-dipladenia yethu ukuba sibona oku kulandelayo:
- Umhlaba awumanzi kakhulu, kodwa ukungunda okumhlophe kuyaqala ukukhula.
- Isiqu okanye isiqu siqala ukubonakala sibi: sisenokukhangeleka simdaka, mnyama, singunda kwaye mhlawumbi 'sibhityile'.
- Amagqabi aqala ukuba mabi, abe namabala amdaka.
Ukwenza? Kwezi meko, Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kunqunyanyiswe, tshintsha isubstrate ukuba ikwimbiza, kwaye ugalele isibulali zinambuzane esinobhedu. (njengoko enye, okufuneka uhlambulule kwiilitha ezili-15 zamanzi) ngokukhawuleza.
Umngundo wamagqabi kunye neentyatyambo
Kukho ezinye iifungi ezichaphazela ngakumbi indawo yasemoyeni yezityalo, oko kukuthi, amagqabi, iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo. Ukuba ndinyanisekile, andikayiboni i-dipladenia osulelwe ngabo, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba akanako. Kwaye ukuba, umzekelo, sitshiza ngamanzi mihla le singazi ukuba ukufuma kwendalo kuphezulu kakhulu kwaye ke ayifuni ezi zitshizi, siyathanda ukubonakala kwezi microorganisms., ezifana ne-botrytis, rust, ukungunda kunye/okanye umgubo wokungunda.
Iimpawu zibonakala lula njengoko zivela emagqabini, kwiintyatyambo kunye / okanye iziqu. Ngaba ezi:
- Ukungunda okumhlophe okanye okungwevu kwezinye zezo ndawo
- Amagqabi anamachokoza amdaka
- Ukubonakala kwamabala abomvu okanye a-orenji angqukuva emagqabini (umhlwa)
Ukwenza? Kwezi meko, kungcono ukuba sike iindawo ezichaphazelekayo ngesikere ebesifakwe iintsholongwane ngaphambili, kwaye ufake i-polyvalent fungicide njenge Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo, esele ilungele ukusetyenziswa.
Intsholongwane
Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba i-dipladenia igule ngenxa yebhaktheriya, kodwa akunakwenzeka. Enyanisweni, a kufunda, wafumanisa ukuba iintlobo ezibangela isifo sephepha oleander kwi I-oeriander yaseNerium, la Pseudomonas savastoni, iye yavela ukuze kuvele uhlobo olutsha, la Pseudomonas savastoni p.v mandevillae pv. NgoNovemba. Kwaye kubangela ezi mpawu:
- Amabala e-Necrotic kumagqabi kunye neziqu
- amagqabi ngamaqhuma
Ukwenza? Inye kuphela into enokwenziwa susa iindawo ezichaphazelekayo. Olona nyango lungcono luthintelo, kwaye oku kuphunyezwa ngokuthenga izityalo eziphilileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba azisweli nto.
Virus
Into eyenzekayo ngeentsholongwane, kubonakala ngathi ngeebhaktheriya: enye kuphela eyaziwayo ukuba ichaphazele i-dipladenia. Yeyokuba ngesiNgesi eyaziwa ngokuba Intsholongwane yeDipladenia mosaic (DipMV), kwaye leyo iguqulelwe kwiSpanish inokuba yinto efana nentsholongwane yedipladenia mosaic. bucala ngasekhohlo inokosulelwa sisitshabalalisi esithile, okanye inokungena nge micro cut kubangelwa, umzekelo, ngokuthenwa okwenziwe ngezixhobo ezingcolileyo.
Iimpawu zezi, njengoko igama libonisa, ukubonakala kwe-mosaic kumagqabi aluhlaza, amhlophe okanye umbala otyheli. Ngelishwa, akukho nyango, susa nje iindawo ezichaphazelekayo, unakekele kakuhle isityalo, kwaye ulinde.
Njengoko ubona, kukho izifo ezininzi ezinokuba nazo i-dipladenia. Ngethamsanqa, ngokuyigcina imanzi kwaye ichumile, unokuwunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba buthathaka kwaye ube sesichengeni sosulelo.