Ukufuma okugqithisileyo kuyingxaki kwizityalo zetomato. Kodwa akusoloko kulula ukwazi ixesha lokuzinkcenkceshela, kuba zizityalo ezithwaxwa yimbalela, kangangokuba izikhondo zazo zilahlekelwa kukuqina ngokukhawuleza xa umhlaba uqala ukomisa kancinane. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kwaye ukuze sibathintele ukuba bangabinje, sibagalela amanzi rhoqo.
Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba sihamba kakhulu ... i-pathogenic fungi kunye ne-oomycetes kungekudala iza kubonakala, ezo microorganisms eziza kuthatha ithuba lobuthathaka bezityalo zethu ukuze zibole. Ngoko Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi izifo ze-tomato ngenxa yokufuma okugqithisileyo ukwazi ukuba zichonga kwaye ziphathwe njani.
Ziyintoni na?
Xa sinkcenkceshela kakhulu, izityalo ze-tomato zinzima kakhulu. Kodwa ziziphi izifo ezinokubachaphazela xa benamanzi amaninzi kunalawo abawadingayo? Ngokusisiseko, zintathu: i powdery mildew, i-mildew kunye ne-botrytis okanye i-gray rot.
Umngundo womphunga
Umfanekiso – Wikimedia/Goldlocki
El ukungunda okungumgubo Sisifo esibangelwa yifungi ehlukeneyo ye-pathogenic. Zichaphazela ubuninzi bezityalo, kungekhona nje izityalo zetamatato, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba, ngokusemandleni, sihlukanise abo bagulayo kwabaphilileyo.
Iimpawu zibonakala emagqabini nakwiziqu, egqunywe ngomgubo omhlophe othi, ukuba uyawubamba, ushiye izandla zakho zimdaka.
Unyango
Amalungu achaphazelekayo kufuneka asuswe ngokuwasika ngesikere ebesifakwe iintsholongwane ngaphambili. Yintoni egqithisile, I-fungicide iya kusetyenziswa, ukuba kunokwenzeka i-ecology, njengale ponytail ungathenga kuyo Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo.
Ngumbungu
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Rob Hille
El umngundo sisifo se-cryptogamic esibangelwa yi-oomycetes yosapho lwePeronosporaceae. Njenge powdery mildew, ichaphazela iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo, zombini i-horticultural kunye nokuhlobisa. Kwaye kwakhona Ukufuma okugqithisileyo kuyayikholisa, ngakumbi ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
Siza kubona iimpawu zombini kumagqabi kunye neziqu kunye neziqhamo. Amabala amancinci aphuzi avela kuqala, ajika ngokukhawuleza abe ngwevu.
Unyango
Ezi microorganisms zilwa nezibulala-zinambuzane ezifana nale sakuxelela ngayo ngaphambili, okanye ngayo le enye ye-brand ye-Solabiol kufuneka uhlambulule umxholo we-sachet (50 grams) kwiilitha ezili-15 zamanzi. Emva koko gcwalisa ibhotile yesitshizi ngalo mxube kwaye utshize ulwelo kwisityalo.
Ukubola okungwevu (botrytis)
Umfanekiso-GardenTech.com
Ukubola okungwevu sisifo esibangelwa ngumngundo IBotrytis cinerea. Ichaphazela izityalo ezininzi, ngakumbi imidiliya, kodwa nezityalo zetomato.
Sazi njani ukuba izityalo zethu ziyachaphazeleka kuko? Amagqabi aya kuqala ukugqunywa ngohlobo lomlotha omhlophe, kwaye ajike abe necrotic. Ukongeza, iziqhamo ziya kuqala zibe namabala amdaka, kwaye emva koko ziya kubola.
Unyango
Ukulwa ibhotile amayeza okungunda asetyenziswayo, njengale isuka kwiProbelte Jardín onokuyithenga apha. Imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa yile ilandelayo:
- Ibhotile ye-1 ilitha yokutshiza kufuneka izaliswe ngamanzi.
- Thela i-2-3 grams ye-fungicide kwi-sprayer kwaye udibanise.
- Faka isicelo ngendlela yamagqabi, oko kukuthi, ngokutshiza amagqabi neziqhamo.
Indlela yokuthintela izityalo zetamatato ukuba zingaguli ngenxa yokufuma okugqithisileyo?
Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Ihlathi kunye noKim Starr
Ngoku siyazi ukuba zeziphi izifo ze-tomato ngenxa yokufuma okugqithisileyo, kodwa ukuthintela njani ukuba bangaguli? Ukwenza oku, ngezantsi sichaza indlela yokunyamekela izityalo zakho ngokuchanekileyo. Ngale ndlela, unokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba baphele nengxaki:
Nini ukunkcenkceshela izityalo zetumata?
Ukunkcenkceshela kubalulekile kwizityalo ze-tomato, njengoko Zizityalo ezifuna amanzi amaninzi., ngakumbi ukuba zifakwe embizeni. Ngoko ke, kuya kufuneka sinkcenkceshele rhoqo, kodwa siphephe ukugqithisa. Umbuzo ngulo: kufuneka zinkcenkceshelwe nini?
Kuya kuxhomekeka kwimozulu kunye nemvula, kodwa ukuba sihlala kwindawo enemvula encinci kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kuya kufuneka sinkcenkceshele malunga namaxesha ama-2 ngeveki entwasahlobo kunye namaxesha angama-3-5 ngeveki ehlotyeni.
Indlela yokunkcenkceshela izityalo zetumata?
Kuya kuhlala kusenziwa ngokugalela amanzi emhlabeni. Izityalo akufunekanga zibe manzi, kuba kungenjalo zinokugula kunye/okanye zitshise ukuba ilanga libetha ngelo xesha. Kodwa kungenjalo, banokunkcenkceshelwa ngetoti yokunkcenkceshela okanye ngokuvula inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela.
Ewe, kufuneka ugalele amanzi de ubone ukuba umhlaba umanzi. Ukuba zikwimigqomo, siya kunkcenkceshela de iphume ngemingxunya yazo yokuhambisa amanzi, ngale ndlela siyakuqinisekisa ukuba siyayinkcenkceshela kakuhle kwaye, ngoko ke, iya kukwazi ukugalela amanzi ngaphandle kwengxaki.
Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo: owona maleko uphezulu emhlabeni woma ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo enokusenza sikholelwe ukuba kufuneka siwunyakamise kwakhona. Kodwa, le yimpazamo. Amaleko asezantsi omhlaba athatha ixesha elide ukomisa, ekubeni zingachananga elangeni, ngoko ukuba besinkcenkceshela ngoku izityalo zethu beziya kuba namanzi amaninzi kunokuba ziwafuna ngokwenene.
Kufuneka silinde. Kwimeko yokuthandabuza, siya kuthabatha intonga encinci yomthi, siya kuzisa phantsi, kwaye ukuba xa siyikhupha sibona ukuba iphuma ngokoqobo icocekile, ngoko siya kuyisela.
Ndiyathemba ukuba iluncedo kuwe.