Anacardium excelsum ibhekisa kudidi lwezityalo lwemithi yosapho lwe-Anacardiaceae. Ixhaphakile kumahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye namahlathi ashinyeneyo ePasifiki naseAtlantiki yamanzi aseMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika.
Uhlobo oluthi, nangona lungadumanga kakhulu ngaphandle kwendawo yemvelaphi, lunomdla ukwazi ukuba unomdla kwihlabathi lebhotani. Ke ngoko, siza kukuxelela yonke into ngayo kweli nqaku.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nemvelaphi yeAnacardium excelsum
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, olu hlobo, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-cashew yeentaba, i-cajú, i-caracolí okanye i-mijao. (phakathi kwamanye amagama), Inzalelwane kuMbindi nakuMzantsi Melika, ukusuka eMexico ukuya eBrazil.
Ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo, sele unokucinga ukuba iindawo ezikhulayo ziquka amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye namahlathi. Iziqhelanisa kakuhle nomhlaba ochumileyo, otsalwe kakuhle, ngoko Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukubona le mithi kufuphi nemilambo nemifula.
Ukongeza, luhlobo oluguquguqukayo kakhulu, ngoko ke lunokuba kwiindawo zokuhlala ezahlukileyo ukusuka kwenye. Enyanisweni, ezinye iisampuli ziye zakhula kwinqanaba lolwandle kwaye ezinye zikhula kwinqanaba ukuphakama kweemitha ezingama-2.000 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kwimimandla yeentaba.
I-Anacardium excelsum yeyosapho lwe-Anacardiaceae, oluyintsapho efanayo ukuba imango kunye neepistachios ziyinxalenye. Nangona inokulinywa ngamaxesha athile njengomthi wokuhombisa, xa ingakhuli endle, iqhelekilee ilinyelwa iziqhamo neembewu zayo.
Iimpawu zeAnacardium excelsum
Ukwazi ukuba ujonge kumthi wolu hlobo, nikela ingqalelo kwezi mpawu zomzimba zahlukileyo:
Ubukhulu
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko apho ibonakaliswe khona, ingaba ngumthi ophakathi okanye omkhulu. Ngemizekelo leyo Ziyakwazi ukufikelela phakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-40 yeemitha ukuphakama.
Ukuze ufikelele kobu bude, inesiqu esithe tye, esomeleleyo kunye ne-cylindrical, ukuya kwiimitha ezintathu ububanzi. Nto leyo, ngamanye amaxesha, inokubonisa umbala opinki omangalisayo. Ngelixa amasebe enza isithsaba esibanzi, esingqukuva.
Iintlobo zamagqabi
Kule ntlobo amagqabi alula, atshintshanayo kunye ne-oval. Ngengcebiso ende kunye nomda opheleleyo. Ukuba siqwalasela kakuhle sinokuyibona loo nto Umbala wayo oluhlaza umnyama kumphezulu ongaphezulu kunangaphantsi.
Ukuba ngumthi onamagqabi ashinyene kakhulu, Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindawo yayo xa isiza ekunikezeni umthunzi kwiintaka kunye nezilwanyana.
Flores
I-Anacardium excelsum ihlala idubula ngexesha lemvula kwindawo yayo yendalo, kwaye iintyatyambo zihlala zivulekile iiveki ezininzi. ngaloo ndlela ithanda ukusasazwa kwayo ngezinambuzane.
Iintyatyambo zincinci kwaye zimhlophe okanye zityheli. Abathandeki ngokukodwa, kodwa Ziyabetha kuba zivela kumaqela etheminali oko kongeza ubuhle emthini.
Njengoko zikhula, iintyatyambo ziba nombala opinki kwaye ziphuhlise ivumba elimnandi neliqhubekayo.
Iziqhamo
Ukuba iintyatyambo ziye zavuzwa, emva kwazo iziqhamo ziyavela. Kwimeko ye-Anacardium excelsum, Iziqhamo zayo ziyi-drupes ene-oval okanye i-ellipsoidal shape.
Zinokulinganisa phakathi kweesentimitha ezimbini ukuya kwezine ubude. Zineqokobhe langaphandle eliqinileyo eliqala ngokuluhlaza. kwaye ijike ibe tyheli okanye ibebomvu njengoko inkqubo yokuvuthwa iqhubeka.
I-pulp yesiqhamo salo mthi inejusi kwaye iyinyama, kunye nokuthungwa okukhumbuza ipere elivuthiweyo. Sisiqhamo esityiwayo esinencasa eswiti nemnandi. Kodwa yintoni ngokwenene Ixabiso lentengiso yalo mthi yimbewu yawo, i-cashew.
Inyaniso ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba i-cashew ayinakutyiwa njengoko iphuma kwisiqhamo. Le mbewu inetyhefu, kuba iqokobhe layo lityebile kwi-urishiol. I-resin enamafutha ekwafumaneka kwi-poison ivy, kwaye oko kubangela ukucaphuka kolusu kunye nokungaguquki.
Ngoko ke, ukuphatha i-cashew eluhlaza kunokubangela ukucaphuka kwesikhumba. Ke ngoko, zicutshungulwa ngononophelo kwaye emva koko zingene kwinkqubo yokuqhotsa ukuze ziphelise nayiphi na intsalela ye-urushiol kwaye yenze le nati ikhuseleke ngokupheleleyo ukuba ingatyiwa.
Luluphi ukhathalelo olufunwa yiAnacardium excelsum?
Njengoko ingumthi wetropikhi, ukuwukhulisa womelele kwaye usempilweni kuxhomekeke ekubeni ube sesichengeni kwiimeko ezithile:
temperatura
Lo ngumthi okhula kakuhle kwimozulu efudumeleyo nefumileyo, eqhelekile kwimimandla yetropikhi kunye neyetropiki.
Inochuku kakhulu kwingqele, kwaye ayikwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-10º C. Ukuba ityalwe kwindawo ezibandayo, Kubalulekile ukuyikhusela ebusika ukuze ikwazi ukuphila kweli xesha lonyaka.
eLuzi
Indawo efanelekileyo yeAnacardium excelsum yenye apho Ifumana iiyure ezininzi zokukhanya okuthe ngqo suku ngalunye. Oku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagqabi kwaye kwenza ukuba iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo zibe zininzi.
Iimeko zokunkcenkceshela
Kufuneka ifumane amanzi rhoqo, kodwa hayi ngokugqithisileyo. Kungcono ukuba umhlaba uhlale ufumile, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba unkcenkceshe xa umgangatho ophezulu womhlaba ubonakala usomile xa ubamba.
Ukuthena iAnacardium excelsum
Ngokwemvelo, isithsaba salo mthi singqukuva. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ikhuliselwe iinjongo zokuhombisa okanye ukufumana iziqhamo kunye nembewu yayo, kububulumko Pruna rhoqo ukugcina ukumila kwesithsaba kunye nokulawula ubungakanani bomthi.
Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuthena amasebe afileyo okanye agulayo ukuze akhule axinene kwaye asempilweni.
Usasazeko
Olu hlobo lunokusasazwa ngembewu okanye ukusika. Kwimeko yokusebenzisa imbewu, Kufuneka uwacwilise emanzini iiyure ezimbalwa uze uwatyale kumhlaba ofumileyo noshushu.
Kwimeko yokusika, kufuneka zifunyenwe kumasebe aphilileyo kwaye zibekwe kwi-substrate esemgangathweni., kunye nokufuma okulawulwayo kunye neemeko zokushisa.
Nangona i-Anacardium excelsum ingeyena umthi onzima ukuwunyamekela, ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo yetropikhi kunzima ukuba ifikelele kubuhle bayo obupheleleyo kunye namandla okuvelisa ngaphandle kwendawo yayo yendalo.