I-Algae zizinto ezifumaneka ikakhulu kwindawo enamanzi, njengolwandle okanye imilambo. Banesakhono sokuqhuba ifotosinthesisi, oko kukuthi, ukuguqula amandla elanga abe kukutya, yiyo loo nto zikhula kwezo ndawo apho imitha yelanga inokufikelela khona.
Nangona ekuqaleni kunokuba banomdla, abantu bafumanise izinto ezimbini ezinomdla kakhulu: enye iyatyiwa, ibongeza kwizidlo zemifuno okanye zemifuno, umzekelo, enye ibe sisichumiso sezityalo. Ngapha koko, isichumiso sokhula lwaselwandle yenye yezona zigqibeleleyo esinokuzinika izityalo. Lo nto, masibone ukuba zithini na ezi zinto ziphilayo.
Yintoni ulwelwe?
Ingca yolwandle Zizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ikakhulu ezinamandla e-photosynthetic. Banokuba zi-unicellular okanye ii-multicellular, ezinkulu okanye ezincinci, kodwa zonke zihlelwa ngaphakathi kwe-Eukaryota (eukaryotic) domain, kuba zine-nucleus yeseli eyinyani kwaye ichazwe kakuhle.
Kukholelwa ukuba baqala ukufunda ngexesha yamandulo Greece, kuba kuyaziwa ukuba ngelo xesha babesele belisebenzisa igama elithi "phykos" eliguqulela njengezityalo zaselwandle. I- "Phykos" ekugqibeleni yayiza kuthathelwa indawo yi "fucus", okuthetha ukuba ulwelwe kwaye, ukongeza, inika igama layo kuhlobo olupheleleyo lwe-algae emdaka (Fucus) esiza kubona ngezantsi ukuba ziyintoni na.
Zeziphi iintlobo ezi-4 zobulembu?
I-Algae zihlala zihlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- I-algae eluhlaza: Zihlala zihlelwa njengezityalo, kuba enyanisweni kukholelwa ukuba izityalo ezisemhlabeni zihla zivela kuzo. Banokuba zi-unicellular okanye ii-multicellular. Bahlala emanzini acocekileyo, nangona i-10% yeentlobo zihlala ezilwandle.
- I-algae emdaka: zizinto eziphilayo, oko kukuthi, azizizo izityalo, okanye ukungunda okanye izilwanyana. Ziyaziwa ngokuba yi-brown algae. Ukongeza, zibaluleke kakhulu kwizilwanyana nakwizityalo ezininzi, kuba zona zingabavelisi bokuqala bezinto eziphilayo eziqala ukutya okanye ityathiki.
- Ubomvu obomvu: ekwabizwa ngokuba zii-rhodóphytes, zezo zixhomekeke kwiimpawu zazo zinokuba ngaphakathi kobukumkani beGlaucophyta ukuba zine-unicellular, okanye i-Viridiplantae, eyokugqibela iyafana ne-Plantae (ngapha koko, kukho abo bacinga ukuba i-Viridiplantae ayisiyiyo ichanekile, kodwa yiPlantae, ubukumkani bezityalo eziluhlaza).
- Abanye abaphengululi: Eli qela lokugqibela libandakanya idayom, ii-cryptophytes, okanye ii-dinoflagellates. Zonke ziyinxalenye yephytoplankton.
Iinqwenela ze-algae
Uninzi lwee-algae zinendlela yokuziphatha enomdla wokwenene ukuze zisinde. Umzekelo, xa ulwelwe oluluhlaza kunye necyanobacteria iseka ubudlelwane beempawu kunye nefungi, zivelisa ubulembu. Ukongeza, uninzi lwee-algae ze-unicellular zihlala ezilwanyaneni, umzekelo ocacileyo ziikorale, ukhulisa ubudlelwane apho banokuhlala kwindawo evumela ukukhula kwabo.
Enye into enomdla kukuba kukho ulwelwe oluthile olunesidudu. Umzekelo, zikhona ezinye i-Prototheca ezibangela isifo sokukrala kwebele kwimazi yenkomo; wave IPhormidium corallycticum, eyi-cyanobacterium eyonakalisa iikorale.
Yintoni imvelaphi yobulembu?
Ngelixa kungenakwenzeka ukuba wazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba zavela phi, Kukholelwa ukuba bayenzile malunga ne-1600 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ngexesha leMesoproterozoic. I-algae ebomvu inokuyenza malunga nezigidi ezili-1200 zeminyaka eyadlulayo, kunye ne-algae eluhlaza iminyaka eyi-1000 yezigidi eyadlulayo.
Kwaye oku, iimeko zokusingqongileyo zidlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Umzekelo, i-algae eluhlaza iguqukile ukuze iqhelane namanzi ane-asidi, ene-pH phakathi kwe-0,05 kunye ne-3 kunye namaqondo obushushu anokufikelela kuma-50ºC okanye nangaphezulu; kwaye i-algae ebomvu ihlala kwindawo yokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-260 yeemitha ubunzulu, apho ukukhanya kwelanga kungafikeleli.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-algae
I-Algae inezinto ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo, ezinje:
Iimpawu zokutshintsha kwemozulu
I-Algae zizinto ezizenzekelayo, oko kukuthi, ezinako ukuzenzela ukutya kwazo ngefotosinthesisi. Kodwa njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, Basabela ngandlela thile xa iimeko abahlala kuzo zitshintsha. Ngesi sizathu, abantu bayasinceda ukuba sizibone iziphumo zokufudumala komhlaba kwiilwandle.
Nangona bengasabeli kuphela xa amaqondo obushushu enyuka / esiwa, hayi. I-acidification yolwandle, ebangelwe kukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nongcoliseko, ibangela ubulembu bande. Xa ufaka izichumisi emanzini, eyona nto uyenzayo kukondla ulwelwe, oluya kukhula ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba aluyi kushiya ndawo yezityalo okanye izilwanyana ezihlala apho.
Oku kukwachaphazela ukuloba kwaye ke nokutya kwethu, njengoko kuya kuqala ukubakho iintlanzi ezimbalwa ezingazukufumana ithuba lokondla ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngoku ayizizo zonke izinto ezingalunganga. Zimbini izinto esizisebenzisayo esizinika ulwelwe kwaye zinomdla kakhulu, njengoko besesitshilo ekuqaleni. Kwaye masiqale ngokuthetha nge-algae etyiwayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kokutya
Ukutya i-algae amaxesha ngamaxesha kuya kusinceda ukuba sibe sempilweni, kuba Banempawu zokulwa ne-antibacterial, anti-inflammatory kwaye baya kusinceda sigcine ulusu olusempilweni. Zihlala zibandakanywa kwizidlo zalabo abanengxaki ye-hypothyroidism, njengoko bezizityebi kwi-iodine kwaye, nakwifayibha. Kodwa ewe: musa ukuxhaphaza.
EJapan, umzekelo, bebebadla ixesha elide, ngoko i-flora yamathumbu abo ifunyenwe iqulethe ibhaktheriya ebanceda ukuba bayigaye: IBacteroides plebeius. Ke ngaphandle kokuba unezihlobo zaseJapan ezithe ngqo, unokuba nobunzima bokuziqonda ngokufanelekileyo.
Ekulingweni
Siza kwinxalenye ethi, ukuba sikhulisa izityalo, ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuba nomdla ngakumbi kuyo. I-algae isetyenziswa njengezichumisi kwaye njengezinto eziphilayo zendalo (njengoko enye). Zizityebi kwizondlo, ezinjenge-nitrogen, i-potassium okanye i-phosphorus, ke zizinto ezilungileyo ezingena endaweni yezichumisi zemichiza.
Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke kwinkcazo-ntetho yabo, sinazo njengezichumisi zefoliar, oko kukuthi, ezo zifakwa ngqo kumagqabi, kunye nezichumiso ezisetyenziswa ngokuhambisa amanzi, zimanzisa umhlaba ukuze iingcambu zifunxe. Kodwa ukuze ibe luncedo kuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa, njengoko zizichumisi ezixineneyo.
Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku malunga ne-algae linomdla kuwe.