Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Rob Hille
El umngundo sesinye sezifo ezihlasela izityalo. Nangona sicinga ukuba ibangelwa yintsholongwane enye, enyanisweni kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zomngundo ezinoxanduva lokuba amagqabi ukusuka kolunye usuku ukuya kolandelayo aqala ukuba namachokoza atyheli kunye nomgubo omhlophe-mhlophe emazantsi.
Eyona nto imbi kakhulu kukuba xa sinazo kufutshane nezityalo ezisempilweni, kunokwenzeka ukuba nazo ziya kuthi ziphelele zisulelekile. Ukuthathela ingqalelo oku, kubalulekile ukuthatha uthotho lwamanyathelo, okokuqala ukuze isifo singasasazeki, kwaye okwesibini ukuze ezo zivuno zichaphazelekayo ziphinde zibuye, kodwa ziphi?
Yintoni na?
Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Thomas Lumpkin / CIMMYT
Yiyo iseti yezifo ezibangelwa ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zefungus I-spores yazo i-hibernate kwi-tubers okanye iingcambu, zize zenziwe zisebenze entwasahlobo, xa iqondo lobushushu lingaphezulu kwe-10ºC, kulapho ke zijolise kumagqabi kunye nesithenda sivela kwiinqanawa ezingaphakathi kwisityalo.
Ezona zidume kakhulu (kuba zezona zibonwa rhoqo) zezi:
- IPlasmopara viticola: yaziwa ngokuba sisikhunta somdiliya. Yingundo echaphazela kuphela izityalo zohlobo lweVitis. Ibangela ukuvela kwamabala ajikelezileyo ngokwesiqhelo kumagqabi, kwicala elingasentla, kunye nomgubo omhlophe emazantsi. Iziqhamo nazo zinokonakala, kuba isiqu sinye sesichengeni sokuhlaselwa yile ntsholongwane. Bona ifayile.
- I-Phytophthora infestans: yaziwa ngokuba yi-potato mildew okanye i-potato mildew. Kubangela ukuvela kwamabala amnyama emagqabini nakwiziqu zezityalo, kunye nokubola kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Bona ifayile.
- I-Phytophthora capsici: eyaziwa ngokuba yi-pepper mildew. Yinto yokungunda ebangela ukuvela kwamabala angaqhelekanga kumagqabi, athi ngokuthe chu asasaze kwaye afumane imbonakalo etshiswayo. Iziqhamo zigutyungelwe ngomgubo omhlophe, kwaye ziphela zishwabana kwaye zomile.
Yintoni isikhumba?
Xa sithetha ngesifo esikhulileyo sibhekisa kukungunda komdiliya, okwenzileyo amaqunube amaqoqo abe bubungakanani bepea. Oku kubangela ukuba ii-spores ze-microorganism ezingaphakathi kweziqhamo azikwazi ukuphuma ngaphandle kuba ulusu lweediliya luyayithintela.
Ukuze oku kwenzeke, iqondo lobushushu kufuneka libe phakathi kwe-10 ukuya kuma-30 degrees celcius, kwaye kufuneka kubekho ukufuma okuphezulu okanye imvula rhoqo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba kuthiwe kwenzeka kwizityalo ezazisele zigula kukungunda ngaphambili; Ewe, kwabo bangazange babe nayo, kunqabile.
Zithini iimpawu zomonakalo owenzayo?
Zezi zilandelayo:
- Inkangeleko yempuphu emhlophe / mhlophe okanye ukungunda kumagqabi, iziqu kunye neziqhamo
- Inkangeleko yamachokoza atyheli ajika abe mdaka emagqabini
- Ukubola kweziqhamo, kunye neengcambu kunye / okanye izilimo eziyizigaxa
- Ukuwa kwegqabi (hayi ngenxa yefungus uqobo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba banokubuthathaka kangangokuba, ukuba umoya uvuthuza ngamandla athile, banokuphathwa)
- Ukukhula kancinci
- Ukubonakala ngokubanzi kwesityalo »lusizi»
- Ukuncipha kwemveliso yezityalo ezichaphazelekayo
Uyintoni umahluko phakathi kokungunda nokungunda?
Ezi zifo zimbini ziyafana, kuba zombini zibangela ukuba uthuli olumhlophe okanye ukungunda kuvele emagqabini. Kodwa umahluko ophambili kukuba ukungunda kuyachaphazela neziqhamo, ngelixa ukungunda komgubo kuchaphazela amagqabi nesiqu kuphela. Unolwazi olungakumbi malunga ne-powdery mildew esi sixhobo.
Inyangwa njani?
Unyango lwasekhaya
Lawula iingozi
Kuphephe ukumanzisa amagqabi neentyatyambo ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela ukuze zingaguli.
Umngundo, njengazo zonke iifungi, uthanda ukufuma kunye neendawo ezishushu, kwaye bayonwabela ngakumbi nangakumbi xa isityalo sinengxaki yokuntywila. Yale, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unkcenkceshele kuphela xa kukho imfuneko yoko, kwaye usebenzise ii-substrates okanye umhlaba okwazi ukucoca amanzi ngokukhawuleza.
Ukongeza, awusoze unkcenkceshele phezulu, kwaye ayingombono olungileyo ukubeka ipleyiti phantsi kwazo (ngaphandle kokuba SIKHUMBULA rhoqo ukukhupha amanzi ngaphezulu kwemizuzu engama-30 emva kokunkcenkceshela).
Sebenzisa ukungunda kwendalo kwisitshizi
Ngexesha elifudumeleyo lonyaka, okanye xa ukungunda sele kuqalile ukonakalisa indawo esemoyeni yezityalo (amagqabi, iziqu, iziqhamo), kukhethwa ukusebenzisa i-fungicides ye-ecological, enje apha:
Ubhedu okanye isalfure
I-Copper nesalfure zizinto ezimbini zokubulala ukungunda ezifanelekileyo, ukuthintela kunye nokubuyisa isityalo esigula kukungunda. Ewe ngokunjalo, Kuya kufuneka uyigalele kumphezulu we-substrate okanye umhlaba entwasahlobo kunye / okanye ekwindla; Ehlotyeni ayikhuthazwa into yokuba zingatshisa iingcambu xa unkcenkceshelwa.
Zahlule izityalo ezinezifo
Ukuthintela isifo ukuba singasasazeki, Izityalo ezigulayo kufuneka zigcinwe kwikona enomoya owaneleyo Kwaye, ukuba kuyenzeka (oko kukuthi, ukuba zizityalo ezifuna ukukhanya ngokuthe ngqo) kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzibeke elangeni, ubuncinci zide ziphuculwe. Ngale ndlela, banokuchacha ngaphandle kokubangela iingxaki kwabanye.
Unyango lwekhemikhali
Ukuba sinezityalo ezigula kakhulu, okanye ukuba sikhetha ukusebenzisa amayeza amayeza, kufuneka sisebenzise inkqubo yokubulala ukungunda, ngokulandela imiyalelo echazwe kwiphakheji kwileta. Lo mzekelo unokuba yinto elungileyo:
Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo
Kwaye oku sigqibile. Ndiyathemba ukuba iluncedo kuwe 🙂.