I-cork oak ngomnye wemithi exatyiswe kakhulu kwihlabathi, kuba idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo, ngelixa isinika isikhokho, esisisixhobo sendalo esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba izifo ze-cork oak, Kufuneka siphendule ngokukhawuleza.
Xa kuthatha ixesha elincinane ukwazi ukuba umthi uyagula kwaye ufumanise unobangela wokungakhululeki kwawo, kokukhona sinokuthatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza kwaye sithintele isifo ukuba singasasazeki kwaye sinokuphelisa ubomi baso.
Izifo eziphambili ze-oki ye-cork
Siza kuphonononga ngokubanzi ezinye zezona zifo zinzima ezinokuchaphazela olu hlobo lomthi.
Ukubola okupheleleyo
Ngokuva nje igama layo sele siva ukuba sijongene nesifo esibi, ewe, ichaphazela imveliso yesikhokho, kwaye inokubangela ukufa komthi.
Ibangelwa ngumngundo wohlobo lwePhytophthora, ezihlala emhlabeni. Isizathu esiphambili sesi sifo yiPhytophthora cinnamomi, eyingozi kakhulu, kuba unamandla okutshabalalisa kwaye ingaphila emhlabeni ixesha elide.
Ukuba i-oki ye-cork yosulelwe yile fungus, siya kuqaphela ukuba amaqabunga ngokukhawuleza atshabalale. Zijika zibe tyheli kwaye ziwe phambi kwexesha. Ngapha koko, lo mthi uyayeka ukukhula. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba i-fungus ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iingcambu, kwaye Iyazibola kancinane.
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, le fungus ingaphila ixesha elide emhlabeni, kwaye isasazeka ngamanzi okunkcenkceshela, ngoko inokugqiba ukuchaphazela imithi emininzi. Kwakhona intshukumo yomhlaba esiyenzayo xa sidlula, okanye izilwanyana, Inceda umngundo ukwandisa.
Ekuphela kwento esinokuyenza ukulwa nophuhliso lwawo kukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba ojikeleze i-oki ye-cork ukhutshiwe kakuhle kwaye awugcini ukufuma kakhulu. Kodwa Kufuneka ulumke nembalela kuba, ukuba i-oki yesikhokho ayiwafumani amanzi ewafunayo, iba buthathaka kwizifo.
Esi sesinye sezifo ezinzima kakhulu ze-cork oak ukunyanga, kuba kunzima ukuphelisa i-fungus xa sele izinzile. Ukuba umthi wakho wosulelekile, Zama ukungawubeki esichengeni umhlaba owungqongileyo kukufuma kakhulu. kwaye usebenzise iimveliso ezithile kunyango lwezi fungi.
I-canker yesebe kunye ne-trunk canker
I-canker inokuchaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomthi, ngakumbi amasebe kunye nesiqu. Ibangela izilonda kwiindawo ezosulelekileyo kwaye singakwazi jonga ukubola okucacileyo kwazo.
Ngokungafaniyo nokubola kweengcambu, okubangelwa yifungus, i-canker ayinaso isizathu esinye. Esi sifo sinokuvela ngenxa ye-fungi kunye neebhaktheriya. Ezi pathogens Banokufikelela emthini wethu ngamanzi emvula, umoya, izinambuzane, njl.
Ukuba umthi unezilonda ezivulekileyo kwi-bark yawo, i-pathogens ifumana indawo yokungena egqibeleleyo. Kungoko ukubaluleka kwe qinisekisa ukuba i-oki ye-cork ikwimeko entle, kwaye unyange nawaphi na amanxeba afunyenwe ngokukhawuleza.
Iimpawu ze-oki ye-oki ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwi-arhente ebangele usulelo. Kodwa into eqhelekileyo yileyo amanxeba okanye amanxeba avela kwi-cortex nakwithishu engaphantsi.
Ezi zilonda kumasebe kunye ne-trunk zinombala omnyama kunye nomphetho wazo awuqhelekanga. Ngaphezu koko, akumangalisi ukuba ubukhulu kunye nobunzulu babo bukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ukunyanga i-oki ye-cork kunye ne-canker kubandakanya ukusika amasebe achaphazelekayo., sebenzisa imichiza yokungunda okanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ukuphucula ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokubonelela ngezondlo ezininzi emhlabeni. Kodwa kwezona meko zinzima kakhulu, akusayi kubakho kukhetha ngaphandle kokuwususa umthi.
I-Cork oak fusariosis
Phakathi kwezifo ze-oki ze-cork, i-fusariosis yenye yezona zinto zoyikayo, kuba isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye inokutshabalalisa yonke imimandla okanye amahlathi ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu.
Ibangelwa ngumngundo iFusarium oxysprum f. sp. uya kuvuka Le fungus, enegama eliphantse lingabonakali, lihlasela ngokuthe ngqo iingcambu zomthi kunye ne-vascular system. Ukuthintela amanzi kunye nezondlo ukuba zingasasazeki kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Isiphumo, njengoko sele ucinga, kukuba i-oki ye-cork iqala ukubonakala ibunile kwaye iyancipha.
Eyona nto ingaqhelekanga yesi sifo kukuba oku kuncipha komthi kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Enyanisweni, kwezinye iimeko kubangela ukufa kwamanye amasebe nto leyo kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo yabonakala ilungile.
Njengazo zonke iifungi, isasazeka emhlabeni, emanzini okunkcenkceshela, kunye nangesenzo sezinambuzane okanye izixhobo zezolimo. Xa sele iqhelekile emhlabeni, iye ixhathise ngokugqithisileyo kwaye inokosulela iingcambu zemithi emininzi ekufutshane nawo.
Sijongene nefungus exhathisayo ekunzima kakhulu ukuyinyanga, ke eyona nto ilungileyo luthintelo:
- Kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo.
- Ukuphucula umthamo wokuhambisa amanzi emhlabeni.
- Musa ukuhlanganisa umhlaba ojikeleze imithi.
- Musa ukuthwala umhlaba osuka kwiindawo ezingcolisekileyo uwuse kwezinye iindawo.
Ukuba usulelo luyenzeka, akukho nto yimbi esinokuyenza ngaphandle kokufaka isibulali ntsholongwane sokungunda kwaye sizame ukunika isixa esilungileyo sezondlo emthini.
Tshisa uhlaselo
Iiquermes okanye iKermes vermilio yenyes izifunxi-gazi ezitya incindi yesikhokho se-oki kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-oki, yiyo loo nto zikwaziwa njengezinambuzane zesikali se-oki. Ukuba uhlaselo lukhulu, umthi wethu unokonakala kakhulu.
Iiquermes zizinambuzane ezincinci, ezinobude obungekho ngaphezu kweemilimitha ezintlanu. Ukongeza, zisebenzisa imithi ukubeka amaqanda, ukuze ikoloni ikhule ngokukhawuleza.
Zombini inzala kunye Imizekelo yabantu abadala itya incindi yomthi, kwaye oku kubangela ukuba ilahlekelwe ngamandla ayo. Ezinye zeempawu zohlaselo lweentshulube zezi:
- Amagqabi abunile.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamandla.
- Ukufa, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu.
Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuphelisa le ngxaki kukuthena amasebe ngobona bukho bukhulu bezinambuzane kwaye kugalelwe isibulali zinambuzane esithile, kunye nokutsala amarhamncwa azo endalo. oonomeva be-parasite.
Izifo ze-cork oak zinokuba yingozi kakhulu, kwaye eyona ndlela ingcono yokuhlangabezana nazo kukukhusela kakuhle. Njengamaxesha onke, ukunkcenkceshela okulungileyo kunye nokuhamba kakuhle kwamanzi, Ziyeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokugcina umthi womelele kwaye usempilweni.