Amagqabi aneenxalenye ezimbini ezahlukileyo: umphezulu kunye nezantsi. Nangona sibabiza njalo, ziyinyani ezenza amagqabi ezityalo. Akunakubuya mva ngaphandle komqadi, kungenjalo akunjalo Xa elinye icandelo lenzakala, kwelinye kuyakubakho ukubona ezinye zeempawu.
Ngesi sizathu, ndiyathanda ukuthi amagqabi sisipili sezityalo, kuba xa eneengxaki zikwicala elingaphezulu nakwicala elingaphantsi apho kuvela khona iimpawu zokuqala, phantse njalo. Nangona kunjalo, zintoni iimpawu zazo?
Yintoni umqadi?
Umqadi bubuso obuphezulu begqabi legqabi, elona candelo libonakalayo ekukhanyeni. Ke ngoko ine-cuticle eshinyeneyo, kuba ngale ndlela inokuzikhusela ngcono. Ukongeza, ine-trichomes ezimbalwa, ezinjengeenwele ezifumaneka kwi-epidermis kwaye ezenza imisebenzi emininzi, njengokufunxa amanzi okanye ukumisela ubushushu besityalo.
Ngokubanzi, umqadi ubumnyama ngombala kunangaphantsi, ngokuchanekileyo kuba ukubonakaliswa kwawo kukukhanya kuthe ngqo kunoko kulandelayo.
Yintoni phantsi kwephepha?
Ngaphantsi kungaphantsi kwegqabi. Ine-cuticle ethe chu ngcembe, kunye nenani elikhulu le-stomata kunye ne-trichomes. Ukongeza, umbala wayo uhlala umnyama. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi trichomes, okanye iinwele, zimhlophe ngombala, njengoko kunjalo nakwezinye ze populus alba.
Ezinye izityalo zinecala elingaphantsi lombala ohluke kakhulu koluhlaza. Umzekelo, uninzi lwe-begonias lunombala omfusa ngombala. Ngoba? Eli linqanaba lokuziqhelanisa. IBegonias, uninzi lwazo, zihlala emahlathini nakumahlathi ashinyeneyo, phantsi komthunzi wemithi nemithi yesundu. Kule meko iphantsi yokukhanya, imitha embalwa yelanga ecoca ngaphakathi kwaye ifikelele ezantsi isetyenziselwa ubuninzi.
Ziphi ii-stomata ezingaphezulu: kwicala elingasentla okanye kwicala elingaphantsi?
I-Stomata zizimbobo zamagqabi, kwaye zifumaneka ikakhulu kwicala elingaphantsi. Utshintshiselwano ngerhasi lwenzeka ngabo: ngexesha ifotosinthesis, bathatha ioksijini (O2) kwaye bagxothe ikhabhon dayoksayidi (CO2); Ngexesha lokubila bakhupha umphunga wamanzi; nangokuphefumla batsalela i-O2 kwaye bakhuphe i-CO2.
Ukuthintela ukulahleka kwamanzi okugqithisileyo, ngexesha lasehlotyeni zigcinwa zivaliwe ngexesha lamagqabi ashushu emini. Ngale ndlela, banokwenza imisebenzi yabo kamva, xa iimeko zingcono.
Njengoko ubona, umphezulu kunye nangaphantsi zizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kwizityalo.