El yam ligama elinikwe kwiqela lezityalo ezinesifo esinokutyiwa sohlobo lweDioscorea. Ezi zilimo eziyizigaxa zisetyenziswa ngendlela efanayo neetapile, oko kukuthi, zinokuqhotswa okanye ziphekwe ngokokukhetha kwethu. Banencasa emnandi kakhulu kwaye singazidibanisa nokunye ukutya, okufana nenyama, intlanzi kunye / okanye imifuno.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi yonke into malunga ne-yam, inkathalo yayo, ukuvuna kwayo, nokunye okuninzi, ungaphuthelwa koku kukhethekileyo.
Iimpawu zam
IDioscorea alata
Njengoko besesitshilo, yam ligama elinikwe izilimo eziyizigaxa zeDioscorea eyahlukeneyo. Ezi zityalo zizalelwa kwiindawo ezishushu nezifumileyo zaseAfrika, kuMazantsi eAsia nakwiziqithi zePasifiki. Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zilinywayo zezi:
IDioscorea alata
Yey yam emfusa, kwaye ikhuliswa kwiMpuma Ekude. Nangona imveliso iphantsi, yeyona ifunwa kakhulu, kuba izilimo eziyizigaxa zineepygmies ezibanika umbala omfusa okanye omfusa. Oku kulinganisa malunga 30cm zide, zine-globose kwaye zinexolo elibhityileyo, elityheli. Amagqabi afikelela kwi-25cm ubude, ayaphikisana kwaye ngokubanzi ayatshintsha kwizityalo ezisencinci.
I-Dioscore bulbifera
Olu luhlobo olunokuthi lube kukungenelela kwimozulu eshushu. Iyaziwa ngegama le »Iitapile zomoya». Izilimo eziyizigaxa zijikeleze imilo, malunga nobukhulu bebhola yentenetya. Amagqabi ayo afikelela kwi-20cm ubude, kwaye ajongene.
IDioscorea cayennensis
Yinzalelwane yase-Afrika. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zinobume obujikelezayo, ukujiya okuxineneyo kunye nobude be 20-25cm. I-subspecies rotundata, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiDioscorea rotundata, yeyona yam imhlophe. Enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu, kuba inokugcinwa kangangeentsuku ezininzi ngaphandle kokubola.
I-dumosor yeDioscorea
Yeyona yam ikrakra. Akukho nto ikhuliselwa incasa yayo. Inzalelwa eAfrika. Izilimo zalo eziyizigaxa zimalunga nama-20cm ubude kwaye amagqabi alo ali-15cm ubude nge-9cm ububanzi.
IDioscorea esculenta
Yeyona yam eqhelekileyo, ukusukela incasa yayo ithathwa njengenye yezona zilungileyo. Sekulinywe iminyaka eliwaka eAsia. Iityhubhu zimalunga ne-20-25cm ubude kwaye zinencasa emnandi. Amagqabi makhulu, ade abe ngama-20cm ubude, kwaye ajongene.
IDioscorea oppositifolia
Yinyani yase China, ikwalinywa eJapan. I-tuber incinci kunezinye iintlobo, kodwa inganyangeki kakhulu kubanda. Oku kunokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga 20cm nde. Amagqabi ayo makhulu, ade abe ngama-30cm ubude.
IDioscorea trifida
Yi-yam imvelaphi yayo ifumaneka kweleenjiko eMelika, ngakumbi kwiCaribbean nakuMbindi Merika. Iyaziwa ngamagama eam blanco, mapuey, yampí okanye ipapa de aire, phakathi kwabanye. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zide, kwaye zinokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga 30cm. Amagqabi alula, ayatshintshana, kwaye alinganiselwa kwi-15cm.
Ukulima okanye ukukhathalela
Ukuba ufuna ukuba nesityalo seDioscorea, landela ingcebiso yethu:
Ubicación
Ukuba uza kuyifumana ngaphandle, iya kukhula ngcono kuyo semi-isithunzi, kodwa ukuba izakuba ngaphakathi endlwini, yibeke kwigumbi elingena ukukhanya okukhulu.
Unkcenkceshelo
Mayibe rhoqo. Amaxesha ama-3 ukuya kwayi-4 ngeveki ehlotyeni, kunye no-1 ukuya ku-2 ngeveki unyaka wonke.
Ukutshintshwa
Nokuba ufuna ukuba nayo egadini okanye embizeni, ungayifaka primavera.
Ufuna umhlaba mni?
Kwimeko apho ufuna ukuba nayo egadini, Kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba ube nemisele elungileyo, ke inomdla wokudibana, kuyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba wenze umngxunya omalunga ne-50-70cm, kwaye ubeke iibhloko ezimbini, enye phezu kwenye, uyigcwalise ngomhlaba oyisanti, okanye ngomxube wegadi yomhlaba ngepumice, akadama okanye efanayo.
Yeyiphi i-substrate oyifunayo?
Kwimeko apho ufuna ukuba nazo embizeni, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzisebenzise iziqwengana ezinamazantsi.
Umbhalisi
Njengoko sisityalo esinemifuno edliwayo, kufuneka ihlawulwe ngayo Izichumisi zendalo, njenge iguano, i umbungu womhlaba okanye umgquba. Kwimeko apho sinayo embizeni, siya kuyichumisa ngezichumisi ezingamanzi, kodwa ukuba iphantsi komhlaba singabeka umaleko omalunga ne-2-3cm ukuwujikeleza kube kanye ngenyanga.
Ukuphindaphinda
Ingaba sika iziqu uzityale ezimbizeni kunye nemingxunya engaphantsi komhlaba ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, okanye Yahlula izilimo eziyizigaxa ekuqaleni kwexesha elikhankanyiweyo.
Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza
Uninzi lweentlobo alunakuthwala ingqele, kodwa ukuba ukhetha ukutyala a IDioscorea oppositifolia, i-yam yam yase-China, inokuba ngaphandle ngaphandle kwiindawo ezinobusika obuneqabaka ukuya kuthi ga -5ºC.
Iipropathi zam
I-Yam sisishubhu esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza iiresiphi, kodwa ubusazi ukuba ingaba sesona sibambiseneyo kwezempilo yakho? Ngapha koko, kunjalo I-diuretic, yomeleza amajoni omzimba, coca igazi, kwaye ukuba uceba ukuba nabantwana, kuya kukunceda ukusukela yonyusa ukuzala kwabasetyhini, ngakumbi yam yasendle (IDioscorea villosa).
Ukuyithenga phi?
Ungayifumana nakweyiphi na ivenkile enkulu, nangona kufuneka uyazi ukuba iifomsile ziyathengiswa nakwingcali yamakhambi.
Ucinge ntoni ngesi sityalo?