Ziyini izici zehlathi laseMedithera?

Ihlathi laseMedithera liyindawo eyingqayizivele, lapho izinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo zihlala khona ezikwazi ukujwayela indawo lapho isomiso nemililo kuyizinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu eziqubuka unyaka nonyaka.

Ukuhamba kuyo, ukuzwa ingoma yezinyoni nomoya unyakazisa amaqabunga, kuyinto engakhohlakali. Thola umsuka wayo, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, kanye nezitshalo eziwunika umbala.

Kuyini lokhu?

UDurisilva, njengoba ubizwa nangokuthi, yihlathi kanye ne-scrub biome etholakala ezifundeni zomhlaba ezinesimo sezulu saseMedithera, okuyibhishi lolwandle eliyinika igama lalo, i-chaparral yaseCalifornia, isihlahlana saseChile, i-fynbos yaseNingizimu Afrika kanye ne-malee eningizimu-ntshonalanga naseningizimu ye-Australia. Kuzo zonke izimo, itholakala phakathi kuka-30º no-40ºC wobude, ingu-44º eMedithera.

Lesi simo sezulu sibonakala ehlobo elomile nelishisa kakhulu (amazinga okushisa aphezulu aphakathi kuka-30 no-45ºC namazinga aphansi aphakathi kuka-20 no-25ºC maphakathi nesizini), ikwindla efudumele, ubusika obumnene obunamakhaza angavamile afinyelela ku -7ºC, futhi iziphethu zimnandi nge-15- 25ºC nemvula.

Livelaphi ihlathi laseMedithera?

Imvelaphi yesifunda saseMedithera, ngakho-ke, ngehlathi laso, Itholakala emaphethelweni oLwandle lwaseThetis, ulwandle lwasendulo olwehlukanisa lokho esikwaziyo namuhla njenge-Afrika neYurophu kepha ochwepheshe abalubiza ngeLaurasia yasendulo neGondwana lasendulo. EMpumalanga kwenziwe izinguquko eziningi kusukela nge-Middle Cretaceous (cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-100 edlule) kuze kuphele iMiocene (Iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-7).

Phakathi kweminyaka engama-65 no-38 yezigidi edlule, imvelo yayifudumele futhi inomswakama, ngakho ihlathi lalisakazeka; kodwa-ke, ekupheleni kwe-Oligocene (eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-35 kuya kwezingama-23 edlule) amazinga okushisa ehla nemvula yehla. Kusukela lapho kuya phambili, kancane kancane izimo eziyinika impilo namuhla zafakwa.

Ziziphi izici zayo?

Kanjani inhlabathi yeMedithera?

Ihlathi laseMedithera ikhula ezweni elinemibala ehlukahlukene ebomvu, equkethe iphesenti eliphezulu lobumba nesihlabathi. Isendlalelo sokuqala, ngokuvamile, sibi kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo, ngoba amazinga okushisa aphezulu nokungabi khona kwemvula kwenza kube nokuthambekela kokuguguleka; ungqimba lwesibili lwakhiwe ngobumba no-ions, okwenza luqine kakhulu; futhi ungqimba lokugcina lwakhiwa yidwala elingumama, okuyilona okuthi uma libola uma lihlangana namanzi, likhiphe izakhamzimba ezidingekayo zezitshalo, njenge-iron noma i-calcium.

Ngakho, sihlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu zomhlaba waseMedithera:

• Inhlabathi ensundu noma ebomvu: yilezo eziqukethe amaphesenti aphezulu wensimbi.
• I-Terra rossa: yibo abadala kunabo bonke, futhi labo abanolwelwesi olukha phezulu kuphela oluvikela konke okunye.
• Umhlaba onsundu oseningizimu: nguyena osemahlathini aseMedithera anomsuka wesilicic. Kusengozini enkulu ekugugulekeni komhlaba, ngakho-ke kunezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, okuyizikhukhula ikakhulukazi.

Yini uhlaza olujwayelekile lwedurisilva?

Izitshalo ezihlala kuwo abizwa ngokuthi yi-sclerophyllous and xerophilous, ngoba kufanele bamelane nomswakama wasehlobo ongahlala izinyanga ezintathu kalula, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu. Ngokunjalo, kuvame ukuba luhlaza njalo; okusho ukuthi, bayawayeka kancane kancane amahlamvu unyaka wonke bese befaka amasha.

Ngalesi sizathu, esingakuthola kakhulu yile:

• I-Pinus halepensis (Iphayini le-Aleppo): iyisihlanganisi esifinyelela kumamitha angama-25 ukuphakama, sinesiqu esithe xaxa noma esiqondile (yize sikwazi ukujija) futhi sibe mncane cishe ngo-35-40cm ububanzi.
• I-Pinus pinea (uphayini wamatshe): iyisiqu esingakhula phakathi kwamamitha ayi-12 kuye kwangama-50 ukuphakama. Imvamisa itholakala ihlala ne-Aleppo pine futhi, ezindaweni lapho imvula ina njalo, ne-holm oak.
• I-Quercus ilex (Holm oki): kuyisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esifinyelela phakathi kwamamitha ayi-16 kuye kwangama-25 ukuphakama, esikhiqiza izithelo ezidliwayo ngasekupheleni kwehlobo / ekwindla.
• I-Quercus faginea (inyongo): kungumuthi ofinyelela kumamitha angama-20 ukuphakama, oqhakaza entwasahlobo (ngo-Ephreli noMeyi enyakatho yezwe). Imelana nesomiso, kepha sizoyibona kakhulu ezindaweni ezinomswakama kakhulu zehlathi laseMedithera.
• I-Arbutus unedo (arbutus): yi-shrub esihlala siluhlaza amamitha ayi-4 kuya kwangu-7 ukuphakama okhiqiza izithelo ezibomvu ezidliwayo eza ekwindla.
• I-Juniperus sabina (sabina): iyisixhumanisi esingavami ukudlula imitha elilodwa ukuphakama endle, futhi esingakhula ezingeni lomhlabathi uma izimo zifuna kanjalo (ngokwesibonelo, uma simile endaweni enamadwala lapho kuvunguza umoya njalo).
• I-Cistus (jara): Zizihlahlana ezihlala ziluhlaza kuze kufike kumamitha ama-2-3 ukuphakama, amelana kakhulu nomlilo. Eqinisweni, imbewu ihluma kangcono uma izithelo ebeziyivikele zisindile emlilweni.
• URosmarinus officinalis (I-romero): isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza kuze kufike kumamitha amabili ukuphakama ngamaqabunga aluhlaza nezimbali ezincane ze-lilac.
• I-smilax aspera (sarsaparilla): kuyisihlahlana esikhuphukayo esingafika kumamitha amabili, lapho izimpande zingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha (zisetshenziselwa amacala e-rheumatism nezifo zesikhumba).
• I-Pistacea lentiscus (lentisco): isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esikhula phakathi kwamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-2 ukuphakama, okunika iphunga elinamandla le-resin.

Kukhona namahlathi ahlanganisiwe, lapho kukhula khona izihlahla ezinjenge-Ulmus (elms) nePopulus (poplars) eduze nemifula yamanzi, efana nemifula noma amachibi.

Iyiphi indima edlalwa yimililo?

Iqiniso ukuthi namuhla likhuluma ngemililo futhi sizibeka ethubeni lokuqapha, ngoba unyaka nonyaka kuningi okudalwa ngabantu abangakhathali. Kepha Ngeke sikhohlwe ukuthi okungavunyelwe, okungukuthi, okungokwemvelo, sekukhiqizwe kusukela umhlaba waba ngumhlaba. Futhi izitshalo kuye kwadingeka zivumelane nezimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukube bekungengenxa yabo, ngokwesibonelo amahlathi e-eucalyptus e-Australia ngabe abengeyikho namhlanje.

Kwenzeka into efanayo naseMedithera. Izitshalo eziningi zithandwa ngemuva komlilo wehlathi. Sikhulume nawe nge-rockrose, imbewu yayo ehluma kalula ngemuva kokuvezwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu, kepha akuyona yodwa. Ukusinda kukaphayini kungakhula kuqine, noma i-rosemary.

Umlilo - ngiyaqinisa, inqobo nje uma kungokwemvelo - isiza ihlathi ukuvuselela, liqinise, futhi lithole umhlaba.

Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwenziwa kwabantu ehlathini laseMedithera

Bekuhlale kunezinguquko zesimo sezulu, futhi ihlathi okukhulunywa ngalo libonile ukuthi liguqulwe kanjani kukho konke ukuvela kwalo. Kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke kule minyaka engu-5000 edlule, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuqedwa kwamahlathi nokusetshenziswa komlilo, amahlathi aseMedithera, yize ekhulisa indawo yawo (ahlala cishe amahektha ayizigidi ezingama-88), zisongelwa ngokuthuthuka ngabantu kanye nezikhathi zesomiso ezandayo.

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-300 zezitshalo nezilwane zaseMedithera ezisengozini yokuqothulwa: ESpain kuphela, kunamaphesenti angama-26, alandelwa yi-Italy (24%), iGrisi (21%), iTurkey (17%) neMorocco (15%).

Yini esingayenza ukuyilondoloza?

Njengabantu ngabanye, singathatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ungaqali imililo (ngokusobala, kepha kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izitshalo zingamaphaphu oMhlaba, nokuthi ngenxa yazo singaphila).
• Siza ekutshaleni kabusha amahlathi.
• Ungenzi imililo yomlilo phakathi nezinyanga ezinconywe nguhulumeni wesifunda (ngokwesibonelo, eziQhingini zaseBalearic akuvunyelwe kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba / Okthoba).
• Uma ubhema, thatha i-ashtray bese ubeka ugwayi wakho lapho.
• Ungashiyi ipulasitiki nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lodoti.

Ezingeni leqembu / lenhlangano / likahulumeni:

• Sebenzisa isu lamahlathi elihambisana nezimo zehlathi lesifunda.
• Ukulwa nemililo, ukudala ukuqwashiswa phakathi kwezakhamizi ezikhungweni zemfundo, ukukhangisa, njll.
• Funda futhi utshale izinhlobo zezitshalo zemvelo eziphikisana nesomiso.
• Qinisa amaketanga okubaluleka kwamahlathi.

Futhi ngalokhu ngiyaphela. Ngiyethemba ukuthi konke okufundile ngehlathi laseMedithera kukusizile 🙂.