Izinkuni ezilukhuni yilezo zitshalo ezivame ukuhlinzeka ngomthunzi omuhle kakhulu. Ngokuvamile badinga isikhala esiningi ukuze bathuthuke, njengoba izinkomishi zabo ngokuvamile zibanzi. Kepha noma kunjalo, kuyathakazelisa njalo ukuthola ezinye engadini, ngoba ngenxa yazo ngeke kube nzima ngathi ukujabulela, ngokwesibonelo, ipikinikini nabangani, noma ukufunda incwadi enhle.
Lapho ukhetha izinhlobo kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi zizophila kahle endaweni lapho ufuna ukuzibeka khona, ngoba leyo ukuphela kwendlela yokugwema izinkinga esikhathini esifushane nesiphakathi. Ake sibazi ngokuningiliziwe.
Siyini isitshalo esinamaqabunga?
Izitshalo ezinamahlamvu yilezo ezinamaqabunga amaningi, ziyisicaba futhi ngokuvamile zibanzi. Ziyizihlahla nezihlahlana ezingaba luhlaza okotshani noma okuluhlaza okotshani, okunqabayo, okuluhlaza okotshani okungaphansi, noma okwe-deciduous. Ukuze kugcinwe amaqabunga awo ephila isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele kancane nezinomswakama kakhulu kunama-conifers.
Empeleni, uma siqhathanisa amaqabunga e-maple ngokwesibonelo naphayini, sizobona ngokushesha ukuthamba kwawo, futhi uma singathola nethuba lokubeka iqhwa elincane kuwo - ngaphandle kokulidonsa esihlahleni - bona ukuthi izokonakala ngokushesha okukhulu ngokungakulungeli ukumelana nalezi zimo. Amaqabunga ompayini, nama-conifers ngokujwayelekile, ayakwazi ukumelana neqhwa neqhwa izinsuku namasonto ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu.
Ngakho-ke, lezo zinhlobo ezinamaqabunga zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezifudumele, ezishisayo nezishisayo. Lapho abaningi behlala ndawonye endaweni efanayo, bakha amahlathi abizwa ngokuthi amahlathi abanzi, amahlathi aqinile noma amahlathi abanzi.
Zingaki izinhlobo zamahlathi abanzi?
Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi okhuni oluqinile:
Amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele
Yilezo ezitholakala (noma eduze) nolayini we-equator, endaweni yezindawo ezisentabeni. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nonyaka lizungeze ama-27ºC uma kwenzeka amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo, kanye no-17-24ºC ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Amahlathi emvula noma ihlathi elinomswakama
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Dukeabruzzi
Kuyaziwa nangokuthi yihlathi lemvula noma ihlathi elikhuni elishisayo nelishisayo. Kuyi-biome ukuthi ahlanganisa ndawonye imvelo yehlathi enesilinganiso sokushisa saminyaka yonke esiphakathi kuka-17 no-24ºC esitholakala ikakhulukazi endaweni esentabeni. Lina njalo, ngakho-ke umswakama uyaqinisekiswa.
Izihlahla zinamaqabunga amakhulu, abonakala ngokuba 'neziteshi' zokuphuma kwamanzi ekugcineni; nokho, amagxolo esiqu sawo ngokuvamile mncane kakhulu, abushelelezi futhi kwesinye isikhathi anameva. Izithelo zawo zinkulu, ziyinyama, futhi zimnandi kakhulu ezilwaneni.
I-Nimbosilva noma ihlathi le-montane
Yaziwa nangokuthi ihlathi lamafu noma ihlathi lobulembu, futhi iqoqwe ngaphakathi kwehlathi lemvula. Kulezi zindawo, kukhona amazolo aphikelelayo anciphisa ilanga eliqondile lifinyelela phansi, ngakho-ke, i-evapotranspiration (ukulahleka komswakama ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesitshalo) nakho kuyathinteka.
Ngakho-ke, yilabo kuphela abakwazi ukuhlala kulezi zindawo, njengama-fern noma ama-mosses, abahlala ngokumangalisayo emahlathini asemontane. Vele kukhona futhi izihlahla, njenge I-Quercus costaricensis o Ushushiso.
I-Hiemisilva noma ihlathi elomile elishisayo
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Luis albert255
Yaziwa nangokuthi ihlathi elomile noma ihlathi eliwumqombothi, futhi itholakala phakathi kwamahlathi emvula nezindawo ezomile zemvelo zombili i-hemispheres, phakathi kwe-10 ne-20º latitude. Isimo sezulu sifudumele, sinamazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-25 no-30ºC, futhi lina phakathi kuka-300 no-1500mm ngenkathi eyomile eyaziwayo. engahlala ezinyangeni ezine kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye.
Izihlahla ezihlala lapha zinamaqabunga amakhulu anezimbali ezinhle, njenge I-Bauhinia variegata, kodwa ngenkathi eyomile alahlekelwa amahlamvu awo okonga amanzi futhi aqhubeke ephila.
Amahlathi apholile
Kungumlando ohlanganisa amahlathi ahlala kuwo isimo sezulu esilinganiselayo, nemvula ezungeze u-600 no-1500 mm ngokwesilinganiso, namazinga okushisa aphakathi nonyaka aphakathi kuka-12-16ºC, kungaba nobusika obubanda kakhulu.
Ihlathi elinamanzi
IHayedo eSoria (eSpain). Isithombe - Wikimedia / David Abián
Luhlobo lwehlathi elipholile elitholakala empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, engxenyeni enkulu yeYurophu, ingxenye ye-Asia kubandakanya ezinye izingxenye zeJapan, New Zealand kanye naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika. Imvula yonyaka ingaphezu kuka-800mm.
Lapha, izihlahla zilahlekelwa amaqabunga ekwindla-ebusika, bese zihluma entwasahlobo, njengezihlahla ze-beech (UFagusnoma amabalazwe (Acer).
Ihlathi likaLaurel
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Gruban kuFlickr
Ebizwa nangokuthi ihlathi elipholile, ngoba ngoba imvula inkulu kune-1000mm kanti amazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo, kukhula izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo, njengaseMacaronesia ngokwesibonelo.
Lezo zitshalo ezihlala kuleli hlathi zibonakala ngokuba luhlaza njalo, njenge-laurel (ULaurus).
Ihlathi elixutshiwe
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Umberto Salvagnin wase-Italy
Lelo hlathi laziwa njengehlathi elixubekile lapho kuhlala khona izitshalo ze-angiosperm kanye ne-coniferous. Isibonelo, enye yezindawo ezaziwa kakhulu - futhi, ngenhlanhla, enye yalabo abasengozini yokushabalala ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi - yihlathi elixubene ne-Atlantic, elisogwini lwe-Atlantic eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Kuyo phila, phakathi kwabanye, imiphini (i-Pinus) ene-oki (i-Quercus).
Ihlathi laseMedithera
Isithombe - Wikimedia / מתניה
Izitshalo zehlathi laseMedithera ziguqukele ukuhlala ezindaweni lapho imvula yaminyaka yonke iphakathi kuka-300 kanye no-700mm, nalapho kukhona nenkathi eyomile eyaziwayo ehambisana nehlobo. Sizoyithola le biome, njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, esifundeni saseMedithera, kepha naseCalifornia, enkabeni yeChile, eningizimu ye-Australia naseNingizimu Afrika.
Amaqabunga awo ahlala eluhlaza, enesikhumba, futhi angavami ukudlula amamitha angama-20 ukuphakama. Zingaba futhi nameva, kungaba emaqabunga awo, noma emagatsheni. Isibonelo, lapha sizobona mastic (IPistacia), amaphiko (URhamnus alaternusnoma i-Aleppo pine (I-Pinus halepensis).
Izinhlobo zezihlahla ezinamahlamvu
Manje njengoba sesazi kangcono izingodo ezilukhuni, sekuyisikhathi sokuthola ukuthi yiziphi izihlahla ezinje. Ukwenza kube lula kuwe ukuthi ukhethe eyodwa engadini yakho, sizihlukanise kancane:
Izihlahla, ezikhula kancane
Bayilokho ikhule cishe ngamasentimitha angama-50 ngonyaka noma ngaphansi, njengalezi:
Imephu encane (I-Acer monspessulanum)
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Jebulon
El maple omncane isihlahla esinqumayo noma isiqu esincanyana esidabuka eYurophu naseningizimu ye-Asia lokho ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-4 kuye kwangama-7. Amaqabunga aso anqunyiwe, aluhlaza, yize eba bomvu ekwindla ngaphambi kokuwa. Iqhakaza entwasahlobo, kepha yizimbali ezingenanzuzo yokuhlobisa.
Ikhula enhlabathini e-siliceous ne-limestone, inqobo nje uma inganiselwa ngokulingene. Ukubekezelela umthunzi. Imelana kuze kube -18ºC.
I-Liquidambar (I-Liquidambar styraciflua)
El lindokuhlez ngumuthi onqabile odabuka eningizimu ye-United States, Mexico naseGuatemala lokho ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-10 kuye kwangama-40. Amaqabunga afana ncamashi nalawo wamapule, okungukuthi, anamahlamvu esundu, aluhlaza entwasahlobo nasehlobo futhi aphuzi, abomvu futhi ekugcineni abe burgundy ekwindla. Iqhakaza entwasahlobo, kepha izimbali zayo azinawo umhlobiso wokuhlobisa.
Ikhula enhlabathini ene-asidi, ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo. Kudinga ukuchelela njalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imelana nokubanda nesithwathwa kuye ku -18 -C.
Isihlahla se-Strawberry (I-Arbutus unedo)
Isithombe - Wikimedia / GPodkolzin
El arbutus Kuyisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza njalo esidabuka esifundeni saseMedithera nasogwini lwe-Atlantic, imvamisa, esingeqi kumamitha ama-3 yize ingafinyelela kumamitha angama-10 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga awo ayisiyingi, eluhlaza okotshani okucwebezelayo, futhi ukhiqiza izithelo ezibomvu nezidliwayo ehlobo / ekwindla.
Ikhula enhlabathini enosilika nelimestone, evulekile, futhi ekhishwe kahle. Idinga ilanga eliqondile nokunisela okulingene, kepha isekela isomiso. Imelana kuze kufike ku -12ºC.
Izihlahla ezinamaqabunga ezikhula ngokushesha
Lezi zihlahla esikukhombisa zona ngezansi yilezo ikhule ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-50 ngonyaka, inqobo nje uma izimo ezifanele zifezekisiwe kulokhu:
I-Chorisia (I-Chorisia speciosa)
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Nsaum75
La i-chorisia noma i-rosewood ngumuthi onqabile odabuka eBrazil, eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Argentina naseParaguay lokho ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-15-20. Amaqabunga awo ayindilinga yesundu, aluhlaza futhi awele ngenkathi eyomile (noma ekwindla / ebusika uma kusendaweni efudumele). Ikhiqiza izimbali ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
Ikhula enhlabathini ekhishwe kahle futhi evundile, elangeni eligcwele. Imelana nesomiso nesithwathwa kuye ku -12ºC.
Ubhanana wamanga (I-Acer pseudoplatanus)
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Willow
El ubhanana mbumbulu ngumuthi onqabile odabuka eningizimu nasenkabeni yeYurophu kuze kufike entshonalanga ye-Asia lokho ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-25-30. Amaqabunga awo aboshwe ngezintende, anama-lobes amahlanu, aluhlaza ngaphandle kokwindla aphenduka aphuzi ngaphambi kokuwa uma isithwathwa siqala ukuvela kuleyo nkathi. Iqhakaza entwasahlobo, kepha izimbali zayo azibukisi kakhulu.
Ikhula kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi, kepha ikhetha leyo ene-asidi encane, futhi inqobo nje uma icebile ngezinto eziphilayo futhi ibekwa elangeni eligcwele. Imelana kuze kube -30ºC.
I-Paulonia (I-Pawlonia tomentosa)
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Jean-Pol GRANDMONT
La paulonia noma kiri ngumuthi onqabile odabuka eChina naseJapan lokho ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-10-15. Amaqabunga angama-ovate, afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30 ubude, futhi aluhlaza. Ngentwasahlobo ikhiqiza izimbali eziqoqwe ngama-panicles futhi zi-purplish.
Ikhula enhlabathini evundile, ekhishwe kahle. Kudinga ukuchelela okulingene, okuvame kakhulu ehlobo. Imelana nesithwathwa size sifike ku -12ºC.
Siyethemba ukuthi okufundile ngezitshalo ezinamaqabunga nezindawo zazo zokuhlala ezahlukene kube wusizo kuwe 🙂.