Iminduze (Lilium)

Iminduze, ebizwa nangokuthi iminduze, yizitshalo eziqhakaza entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Uma zenza, izimbali zikasayizi omkhulu ngokwanele zihluma ezihlokweni zazo, futhi ezinemibala ejabule kangangoba akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungagxili kuzo kwesinye isikhathi.

Enye yezimfanelo eziningi abanazo ukuthi zingaphindaphindeka kalula ngokuhlukanisa ama-bulb ajwayele ukuhluma ngemuva kokuba izimbali sezishile. Ngakho-ke, uqala ngokuthenga isitshalo esisodwa, kepha ngokuhamba kweminyaka ugcina ngokunye okumbalwa.

Sinjani isitshalo seLilium?

Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-lily noma i-lily, kuyinto herbaceous zisetshenziswa okungohlobo lweLilium kanye nomndeni Liliaceae. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziyikhulu, kepha kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Izinhlobo zasendle zikhula kakhulu enyakatho ye-hemisphere, zombili e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, kepha kukhona ezinye ezihlukile eNingizimu Melika.

Uma sigxila kuzici zayo, sikhuluma ngezitshalo ezikhula zisuka kubhalbhu ezitholakala ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, ama-stolon noma ama-rhizomes angavela phansi kwalolu hlobo oluzoveza ama-bulb amancane amasha. Futhi, kukhona iminduze ethile eba nezimpande ezinhle.

Amaqabunga ajwayelekile, okungukuthi, zifa ngesikhathi esithile onyakeni (imvamisa ngemuva kokuqhakaza). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinhlobo ezithile ukuthi ngesikhathi sasebusika, okuyisikhathi lapho lezi zitshalo zingasebenzi khona, zigcina i-rosette yamaqabunga amancane.

Izimbali zaso zivela esiqwini sembali, futhi zingaba zodwa noma zivele ngamaqembu. Ngokuvamile, makhulu, afinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-10 ububanzi, futhi anemibala ehluke kakhulu: emhlophe, ephuzi, ebomvu, noma epinki. Futhi isithelo siyisigaxa se-trivalve esiphenduka sibe nsundu uma sesivuthiwe, futhi siqukethe imbewu eningi.

Imbali yeLilium iphuma izinyanga ezingaki?

Izimbali zomnduze zivuleka amasonto ambalwa ngonyaka. Imvamisa, enyakatho Nenkabazwe ziqala ukuqhakaza ngoMeyi bese ziphela ngoSepthemba, kuya ngohlobo kanye / noma umlimi. Kunoma ikuphi, ukuvuselela izimbali zazo singakwazi ukuwafaka umanyolo wezitshalo eziqhakazayo, bese sizisika lezo ezomile.

Izinhlobo zeLilium

Manje sizokwazi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zeminduze ukuze uzitholele ngokwakho ukuthi zinhle kangakanani, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kuzoba lula kuwe ukudala izingoma ezibabazekayo engadini yakho noma ku-planter:

I-Lilium bulbiferum

Eyaziwa njenge-lily bulbous noma i-lily ebomvu, isitshalo somdabu sase-Europe. Njengoba elinye lamagama alo avamile libonisa, kuveza izimbali ezingamawolintshi, nobukhulu obuhle futhi, ngoba zikala cishe amasentimitha ayi-10 ububanzi.

I-Lilium candidum

El I-Lilium candidum Kungumuthi ovuthayo odabuka eSyria nasePalestine ofinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-80. Izimbali zimhlophe futhi zikala cishe amayintshi amane ububanzi.

I-Lilium martagon

Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-bozo, IMartagon noma umnduze okhalayo, ungowokuzalwa odumile eYurophu, kufaka phakathi iSpain. Izimbali zaso zincane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma siziqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo zeminduze. Zilinganisa cishe amasentimitha ama-3-5, futhi zinombala opinki, i-lilac, zimhlophe.

I-lilium yaseMpumalanga

Como I-lilium yaseMpumalanga noma i-oriental lily sibhekisa ochungechungeni lwembumbulu evela e-Asia. Zinezimbali ezinkulu futhi zinuka kamnandi kakhulu. Kuleli qembu siqokomisa iLilium 'Stargazer', enembali emnyama ebomvana; 'Ukuzinikela' ngembali emhlophe; noma imbali epinki ethambile 'iRosato',

I-Lilium lancifolium

El I-Lilium lancifolium Kuyisitshalo esaziwa njengembali ye-brindle tie, futhi singasithola sisendle eMpumalanga ye-Asia. Izimbali zaso ziwolintshi ezinamabala amnyama, cishe amasentimitha angu-4 ububanzi.

I-Lilium longiflorum

El I-Lilium longiflorum, owaziwa ngokuthi i-Easter lily ungowokuzalwa eJapan. Ifinyelela imitha ukuphakama, futhi kuveza izimbali ezimhlophe, ngephunga elimnandi. Lawa angaba ngamasentimitha ayi-10-12 ububanzi.

Usinakekela kanjani isitshalo seLilium?

Iminduze izitshalo ezingatshalwa ezimbizeni, ezitshaleni, noma engadini. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ukudala ukwakheka kwezimbali noma okhaphethi, njengoba zivumelanisa kahle nezindawo ezahlukahlukene. Kepha badinga izinto eziningi ukuze bachume:

Ungabeka kuphi iminduze?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi bathole okungenani amahora amahlanu elanga eliqondile usuku ngalunye. Lezi zitshalo azikhuli ngokujwayelekile lapho zintula ukukhanya; empeleni, uma bebengabekwa emthunzini besizobona ukuthi iziqu zabo zikhula kanjani ziqonde lapho kuthunyelwa khona ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu. Ngokwenza njalo, kuzosinika isithombe sokuthi zikhula ngokushesha, kepha akudingeki sicabange ukuthi kuyinto enhle, ngoba okuzokwenzeka ukuthi zizobuthaka.

Inhlabathi noma i-substrate

Ama-lily bulbs abola ngokushesha lapho etshalwe enhlabathini engafanelekile, njengomhlabathi ohlangene futhi osindayo. Ukukugwema, Kuyadingeka ukuthi ibe inhlabathi elula, enezimbobo, ukuze amanzi ajikeleze ngaphandle kwezithiyo. Yilapho-ke lapho izitshalo zethu zizokhula ngokujwayelekile.

Uma kwenzeka zizoba esitsheni, njengembiza yezimbali noma i-planter, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi i-substrate kufanele ibe nokukhanya okulinganayo. Ngalesi sizathu, sincoma ukuxuba isibonelo i-peat emnyama ne-30% perlite.

Ukunisela nokubhalisa

Imvamisa yokunisela kufanele ishintshe njengoba izinkathi ziqhubeka. Entwasahlobo ikakhulukazi ehlobo, ngoba kulapho zikhula khona futhi namazinga okushisa efudumele, sizowanisela cishe kabili ngesonto. Kepha njengoba ekwindla nasebusika bazobe bephumule, futhi njengoba nomhlaba uthatha isikhathi eside ukoma, sizokhipha isikhala sokunisela. Eqinisweni, uma ngesikhathi sekwindla kanye / noma sasebusika kuvame ukuna ngezikhathi ezithile, kuzodingeka kuphela ukumanzisa umhlaba uma siwubona womile kakhulu.

Ukuze zinikeze izimbali ezisezingeni eliphakeme, Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ubeke isembozo esincane kuzo (kuyathengiswa lapha), ukusakazwa kwezikelemu, noma umquba. Kepha yebo, uma zifakwa ebhodweni, kungakuhle ukusebenzisa umanyolo oketshezi, ulandela imiyalo esitsheni. Futhi ngukuthi uma sifaka umanyolo ogoqiwe noma oyimpuphu ebhodweni, i-substrate ingagcina iba nezinkinga zokuhlunga amanzi; ngenxa yalokho, izimpande zazizokonakala.

Isikhathi sokutshala isibani

Uma uthenge ama-bulb, khumbula ukuzitshala ngasekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngale ndlela, bazoba nesikhathi esanele sokukhula futhi bakhiphe izimbali zabo ngenkathi efanele.

Ukuphindaphinda

Iminduze yanda ngokuhlukanisa ama-bulb, futhi kwesinye isikhathi yenze nembewu

• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Bulb: ngemuva kokuqhakaza, amaLily kufanele ashiywe phansi noma ebhodweni izinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, singamba ama-bulb bese sihlukanisa amancane. Kamuva, sizotshala lezi kwezinye izindawo, sizingcwabe ngamasentimitha amabili.
• Imbewu: izimbali zeminduze ziyi-hermaphroditic, ngakho-ke uma isampuli yakho inezinhlamvu, ungazihlwanyela entwasahlobo emibhedeni yezimbewu enjengethileyi enezimbobo noma izimbiza, ene-vermiculite (iyathengiswa lapha) noma semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla. Bafake endaweni enelanga, namanzi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze i-substrate ingomi. Ngakho-ke, zizohluma ngenyanga.

Izinambuzane

Kunezinambuzane eziningi ezithinta iminduze, futhi yilezi:

• Izibungu ze-Bulb: kubangela ukulimala kwesibani, esiba sibolile. Ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kuphela ukuvikela, ngaphambi kokutshala, ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane efana ne-diazinon.
• Ama-Cryoceros: yizinambuzane ezidla amaqabunga nezimbali. Ngenhlanhla, zingavinjelwa futhi zisuswe ngama-pyrethrins.
• Izintwala: lezi izintwala zitholakala emaqabungeni amasha esitshalo naseziqhumeni zezimbali. Zondla ngobisi, ngakho-ke sizobona amabala akhanyayo kanye nokungahleleki kahle. Bangalwa nomhlaba we-diatomaceous (uyathengiswa lapha).
• Uhambo: ukuhamba Zingathinta isibani, zibangele ukungahleleki kanye namabala ansundu, nasengxenyeni yasemoyeni ebangela ukuvela kwamabala ezimbali nasemacembe, ukungalungi nokwehla okuvamile. Ilwa nemithi yokubulala ama-anti-thrips (njenge lokhu).

Izifo

Ngokuqondene nezifo, zingaba nalezi:

• I-Botrytis: the i-botrytis Kuyisikhunta okuthi, esimweni seminduze, sikhiqize izindawo ezinsundu eziyindilinga noma yikuphi (amaqabunga, iziqu nezimbali). Ilwa ne-fungicide equkethe ithusi (iyathengiswa lapha).
• Umnduze onamanzi: ziluchungechunge lwamagciwane akhubaza izimbali futhi ashintshe umbala wamaqabunga. Akukho ukwelashwa, ngaphandle kokuthenga izitshalo nama-bulb anempilo, ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezincane zezifo noma isifo.
• I-Phytopthora: kuyisikhunta esenza ukuthi amabala amnyama we-mauve avele ezihlokweni, ikakhulukazi esisekelweni. Lawa mabala asakazeka kuso sonke lesi sitshalo, afinyelela emaqabungeni, aphenduka aphuzi. Iphathwa ngamafungicides athwala ithusi.
• I-Pythium: yi-fungus ebola izimpande. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zingabulala izitshalo. Iphinde iphathwe ngama-fungicides aphethe ithusi.
• I-Rhizoctonia: yikhunta ebola isibani. Amaqabunga aba buthakathaka, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi izimbali azivuleki. Akukho ukwelashwa okusebenzayo; kungcono ukuqeda izitshalo ezithintekile.
• Igciwane le-Lily necrotic spot (LSV): Angamagciwane adala ukuvela kwamabala e-chlorotic emaqabungeni. Ziqala ziphuzi ngombala omude, bese ziphenduka zibe mnyama. Izimbali zikhubazekile, futhi lesi sitshalo siba buthakathaka. Akukho ukwelashwa futhi.

Isibindi

Ukumelana kukaLilium emakhazeni kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo kanye nemvelaphi yawo. Kepha ngokujwayelekile sikhuluma ngezitshalo lokho ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi aze afike ku -4ºC.

Iyini incazelo yeminduze?

Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi zisho ukuthini lezi zimbali ngokombala wazo, khona-ke sizokhuluma nawe ngakho:

• I-lilium ephuzi: kuyimbali yokubukisa, yokubukisa ekhombisa injabulo, impilo nokubonga.
• I-lilium emhlophe: umnduze omhlophe uwuphawu lobumsulwa nobumsulwa.
• I-orange lilium: ukumelelwa komoya, ithemba, ubuhlakani kanye nothando olukhulayo.
• I-lilium ebomvu: iminduze ebomvu ifanekisela uthando njengezithandani, nentshisekelo.
• I-lilium ebomvana: iminduze ephinki ifanekisela ubusha, ubumnene nomsebenzi omuhle.

Ungathenga kuphi?

Uma ungathanda ukuba neminduze, chofoza lapha bese uthole ukuxuba kwakho kwama-bulb:

Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.