Impela uke wahlangana ne-elm eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile ngenkathi uhamba ngezinyawo noma uhamba ohambweni. Lezi zihlahla ezinkulu beziyingxenye yomlando womuntu kusukela kudala, kodwa bambalwa abantu abazi okuningi ngabo, njengokuthi isithelo sithela siphi isithelo.
Kulesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi i-elm iyini, ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizophendula umbuzo omkhulu owenziwe yisihloko salokhu okuthunyelwe: Isiphi isithelo esithela i-elm? Ungangabazi ukuqhubeka nokufunda uma uthanda lezi zihlahla!
Yini i-elm?
Ngaphambi kokucacisa ukuthi i-elm ithela siphi isithelo, sizoqale sichaze ukuthi iyini le mifino. Iwuhlobo lwesihlahla esiyingxenye yomndeni ulmaceae futhi othola igama lesayensi Ulmus. Izinhlobo ezikulolu hlobo yizihlahla ezivuthulukayo ezinobukhulu obuqinile futhi zinde. Ziyakwazi ukufinyelela kumamitha angamashumi amane ubude.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yi- Ulmus omncane, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-elm evamile noma emnyama. Inesiqu esiwugqinsi futhi esigwegwile kancane. Ingase ingene ngisho nasezintweni ezindala, ikakhulukazi lezo ezike zathenwa. Amagxolo awo anombala onsundu ngokumpunga noma omnyama futhi aqhekekile futhi anomahhadla. Umqhele wawo kufanele ugqanyiswe, obanzi futhi oyindilinga ngamahlamvu aminyene, anikeza umthunzi omuhle ngezinsuku ezinelanga. Amagatsha mancane futhi awanaboya futhi amagxolo awo abushelelezi futhi ansundu.
Ngokuqondene namaqabunga e-elm, lawa akhonjisiwe futhi ayindilinga ngonqenqema oluyizicucu. Bane-basal asymmetry, njengoba ibanga lokufakwa okuphezulu kwe-limbus lingaphansi kokufakwa ne-ramillo. Ngokuphathelene nezimbali zalesi sihlahla esikhulukazi, lezi zisemandulo. Ahlanganiswe ngama-inflorescence angaqukatha izimbali ezifika kwamashumi amathathu. Isithelo singavuthwa futhi sisakazeke ngisho nangaphambi kokuba amaqabunga e-elm akheke ngokugcwele.
ukusatshalaliswa kwe-elm
Singathola ama-elms entshonalanga ye-Asia, ezindaweni eziningi zaseYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika. Yisihlahla osekuphele iminyaka sihlakulwa ngabantu. Ngesikhathi samaRoma insimu yawo yanwetshwa futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi umkhawulo wayo uyini ngempela. Isibonelo, iziqhingi zaseMallorca, iMenorca ne-Ibiza zinama-elms, kodwa akwaziwa ukuthi azenzakalela yini noma ayalinywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zihlahla zitholakala cishe kuyo yonke iNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, kodwa zivame kakhulu kulezo zifunda ezinesimo sezulu saseMedithera.
Lapho utshala lesi sihlahla esikhulu, kubalulekile ukuthi umhlabathi ujulile futhi usha. Izindawo ezinhle kakhulu osebeni lwemifula nezihlahla, lapho singathola khona njalo ezinye izihlahla ezifana ubhabhulini, ama-alders, izihlahla zomlotha y amasoso.
Ngokuqondene nesimo sezulu, okungcono kakhulu kwama-elms kusezingeni eliphansi, yingakho kungavamile ukubona lezi zihlahla ngaphezu kwamamitha ayinkulungwane ngaphezu kolwandle. I-elm ivamise ukuqhakaza ekupheleni kobusika, phakathi kuka-February no-March, kuyilapho ukusakazwa kwezithelo zayo kwenzeka ngo-April.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ubulili Ulmus uye wahlushwa phakathi neminyaka eyikhulu edlule ubhubhane olusebenzayo nolubalulekile olubizwa ngokuthi «i-graphiosis«. Ibangelwa isikhunta esibizwa Ophiostoma novo-ulmi y Ophiostoma ulmi. Lezi zihlasela cishe zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-elm. Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zihlahla namuhla zisengozini yokushabalala. Kunzima ukukukholelwa, ngoba ama-elms ayebhekwa njengezihlahla ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni ngaphambi kokuba kuqubuke lolu bhubhane. Ongoti balinganisela ukuthi isibalo sama-elm esivamile sehliswe phakathi kuka-80% no-90% Uma unesinye salezi zihlahla engadini yakho, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lesi sifo sisakazwa ngamabhungane. Ngincoma ukuthi ubheke isihloko sethu ku indlela yokuxosha noma ukuqeda i-elm beetle.
Sebenzisa
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, izihlahla ze-elm bezitshalwa ngabantu isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungenxa yokusetshenziswa okuningi enikezwayo. Amagxolo, isibonelo, asetshenziselwa dala ama-tinctures asetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo ezinzima ezibangelwa amagciwane ohlobo I-Clostridium, evame ukumelana nama-antibiotic.
Futhi izinkuni ezinjalo eziqinile neziminyene ziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi khiqiza ama-axle amasondo namajoka ezinqola. Futhi, yayidume kakhulu ekwakheni imikhumbi.
Isithelo se-elm
Manje njengoba sesazi okwengeziwe ngalesi sihlahla esihle, ake siye kulokho okusithakazelisa ngempela: Isiphi isithelo esithela i-elm? Hhayi-ke, akusona isithelo esiyindilinga nesiyinyama esibonakala kakhulu izihlahla zezithelo. Endabeni ye-elm, izithelo ziyi-samaras. Lezi zinomumo oyisicaba futhi zinephiko le-orbicular elizungeza imbewu ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile ahlanganiswe futhi ngokuvamile anobude obuphakathi kwamamilimitha ayisikhombisa nesishiyagalolunye. I-Samaras iwuhlobo lwesithelo esomile esimile, okungukuthi: Asivuli ngevalvu. Ngenxa yokuma kwayo, kulula kakhulu ukuba ihlakazeke emoyeni.
Ekuqaleni, umbala we-elm samaras uluhlaza okotshani onamathoni athile abomvu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseduze nembewu. Ngaphambi kokuwa iphenduka umbala onsundu ngokuphuzi. Kokubili kuma-elms nasezihlahleni zomlotha noma kuma-ailantos, imbewu iphakathi kwephiko lesamara. Kwezinye izimo, njenge-maple, ngokuvamile itholakala ohlangothini olulodwa lwesithelo, kuyilapho iphiko lidlulela kolunye uhlangothi.
Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi imvelo inikeza kanjani izinhlobo eziningi namasu ahlukene kuye ngohlobo lwesidalwa esiphilayo kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane. Yebo, ngeke kuyeke ukusimangaza!