Iziphi izinhlobo zezimpande izitshalo ezinazo?

Izimpande zezitshalo yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wazo: uma bezingenazimpande, bezingeke zikwazi ukuzimisa phansi, noma zimunce izakhamzimba ezivela kuwo, futhi ngenxa yalokho bezingakhula ziye kumashumi ambalwa wamamitha njengoba wenza, isibonelo, i-sequoya.

Lapho ukhetha ukuthi batshale engadini, kuyadingeka ukuthi wazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezimpande abanazo, ngoba ukwazi lokhu kuzosisiza ukuthi sikuthole endaweni efanele kakhulu.

Kuyini futhi yini imisebenzi yempande?

Impande isitho esingenawo amaqabunga, futhi esivame ukukhula ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi, yize kukhona okuhlukile njengoba sizobona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imisebenzi yayo ukuqinisa isitshalo emhlabathini ukuze ingashaywa ngumoya, ukumunca amanzi nezakhamzimba ancibilika kuwo womhlaba, futhi buthelela izinto ezigciniwe ukusinda ezikhathini ezingezinhle (isomiso esibi kakhulu, ubusika obunzima kakhulu, ...).

Yini ukwakheka kwempande yesitshalo?

Ukwakheka kwempande kungasimangaza kakhulu. Kusuka ngaphandle, sibona kuphela iziqu ezinhle kakhulu, imvamisa ezimhlophe ezingcolile, ezingena enhlabathini njengoba zifuna umswakama futhi zimunce izakhamzimba ezincibilikiswe emanzini ashiwo. Kepha Uma sisika ucezu, bese senza ingxenye yesiphambano, uma siyibuka ngemicroscope sizobona ngokushesha ukuthi yakhiwa izingxenye ezahlukahlukene.

Kusukela engxenyeni engaphandle ngaphakathi, sine:

• I-Epidermis: kuyisithiyo esivikelayo esinezinwele ezimunca lokho ekwenzayo ukuzama ukuvimbela amagciwane amancane ahlala emhlabathini ekutheleleni izitshalo. Izinwele zibona umswakama, bese ziyamunca.
• ICortex: yakhiwe ngengqimba eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yamaseli (kuya ngokuthi impande ikhula ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlaba noma ingaphezulu). Isebenza njengendawo yokugcina izinto ezigciniwe, futhi futhi njengendlela lapho amanzi nosawoti omuncwa emhlabathini bazodlulela kwizicubu eziqhubayo, ezibhekene nokuzisabalalisa kuso sonke isitshalo.
• Isilinda semithambo: ehlukaniswa ne-cortex ungqimba lwamaseli.
• I-Endodermis: ungqimba lwamaseli ahlelwe ngendlela ehlanganisiwe asengxenyeni engaphakathi impela ye-cortex.
• Phloem: liphethe ukuthutha izakhamzimba.
• Xylem: unesibopho sokuhambisa uketshezi.
• I-Pericilium: ungqimba lwamaseli we-parenchymal aletha izimpande zesibili. Ihlala ingekho njalo, ngoba ezinye izitshalo zasemanzini nezinambuzane kungenzeka zingabi nayo.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Izingxenye zempande yesitshalo

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimpande ezikhona?

Ngokuya ngesimo sabo, bahlukaniswa nezinhlobo eziningana:

• I-Axonomorphic, pivoting noma ejwayelekile: impande enkulu iyahlukaniswa, okuyiyo enobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu, nokunye okuhle kakhulu.
  • Izibonelo zezitshalo: izihlahla nezihlahlana.
• I-Atypical, fibrous, noma i-fasciculate: zonke izimpande zicishe zilingane, futhi zivela endaweni efanayo.
  • Izibonelo zezitshalo: izimbali ezinomuthi (petunias, geraniums, marigolds, njll.), izintende.
• I-Napiform: yakhiwa yimpande enkulu ejiyile, eqoqa izinto ezigciniwe.
  • Izibonelo zezitshalo: izaqathe, itheniphu, njll.
• Igatsha: zifana kakhulu nokwakheka kwamagatsha esihlahla. Kukhona impande eyinhloko noma ethambile ejiyile kunenye.
  • Izibonelo zezitshalo: iparsley.
• Tuberous: ukwakheka kwayo kuyathandeka. Lapho ziqongelela izinto ezibekiwe, ziyanweba.
  • Izibonelo zezitshalo: amazambane, ama-beet, ubhatata, ukuhlekisaumdumbula, njll.

Futhi ngekheli lakho, okulandelayo:

• Ukuzijabulisa: yilezo ezikhula ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Zisetshenziswa izitshalo ukunweba, njenge ummbila, lo ivy, noma utshani obuvamile. Ulwazi oluningi.
• Amanzi: yilezo ezimila emanzini, imvamisa zimnandi njengamachibi, imifudlana noma imifula, kepha futhi ingaba nosawoti, njengaleyo yemihlume.
• Izitshalo ezikhuphukayo: lezi zinhlobo zezimpande zikhula ngokuzihlanganisa neziqu namagatsha ezinye izitshalo.
  Akuzona izimuncagazi, ngomqondo wokuthi zimunca umsoco enhlabathini, kepha kungaba njalo ukuthi izitshalo zikhula kakhulu kangangokuba kancane kancane zivimbela izitshalo ezisebenza njengosekelo ekushiyeni ngaphandle kokuthola ukukhanya kwelanga zife .
  Ezinye izibonelo yilezi wisteria, lo boube noma i clematis. Ulwazi oluningi.
• Izimuncagazi: lezi zimpande zenza konke okusemandleni ukuvimbela izitshalo ezizisekelayo ukuthi zingondli. Imvamisa imbewu imila egatsheni, noma emgodini esiqwini, bese lapho izimpande zikhula ngendlela yokuthi ziklinye isiqu. Isibonelo esicacile yi- umkhiwane oklinyiwe, ogama lakhe lesayensi ngu UFicus benghalensis.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimpande ezidliwayo?

Izimpande zibalulekile ezitshalweni, kepha kungani sizikhohlisa? Zithakazelisa kakhulu kithina bantu. Kuningi okudliwayo, njenge isithombo, licorice, isithombo sebhitrudi, i-patata, isanqante, i-ginger o i-turmeric. Kuzixhumanisi uzothola lonke ulwazi ngokutshalwa kwalowo nalowo kubo.

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