Yiziphi izitshalo ezihlanganisiwe?

Uyazi ukuthi iyini i-hybrid? Ingxubevange, ngokuvamile, isidalwa esiphilayo esinezakhi zofuzo ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu kangangokuthi zingezohlobo oluhlukile. Kungaba ngokwemvelo, okungukuthi, kungenzeka emvelweni ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, kodwa futhi kungadala eyodwa. Eqinisweni, okwamanje yilokho okwenzeka ezitshalweni: siyazihlanganisa ukuze sizenze zibe nofuzo olungcono.

Kodwa zinhle kangakanani izitshalo ezi-hybrid? Ngicabanga ngempela ukuthi akukhona ngabo ukuthi bahle noma babi; Kukho konke ukuvela kwazo zonke izidalwa ezihlala eMhlabeni namuhla, kuye kwaba nokuxutshwa okuningi. Kuyindlela uhlobo oluthile olungaqhubeka ngayo nokuguquguquka, njengoba inzalo yalo ingaba nezingxenye ezinhle kakhulu zezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene. Sazise kabanzi.

Ake sikhulume ngezizukulwane nezinhlobo zezitshalo

Ukuze siqonde lokho esizokuchaza kamuva, kubalulekile ukuthi siqale sicacise imiqondo ethile, njengohlobo nezinhlobo:

• Isizwe: ku-biology, yilokho okuza ngemva koMndeni nangaphambi kobulili. Yilokho okusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zofuzo ezabelana ngezakhi zofuzo eziningi. Isibonelo, i-Mentheae iyisizwe sesizukulwane iMentha, iCalamintha, noma iSalvia, phakathi kwabanye.
• uhlobo lwe-botanical: i-genus, kwi-botany, iqoqo lezinhlobo eziye zaba nokuvela kwemvelo okufanayo, kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi zabelana ngezici futhi zibe nendlela efanayo yokuphila nokuphila. Isibonelo: uhlobo kungaba olwasePrunus, ezinye izihlahla nezihlahlana phakathi kwazo kukhona isihlahla som-alimondi (I-Prunus dulcisnoma isihlahla sama-cherry saseJapan (I-Prunus serrulata).
• Izinhlobo zezinhlobo: uhlobo lungaphakathi kohlobo, futhi yigama elithile elinikezwe iqembu elithile lezinto eziphilayo ezicishe zifane. Isibonelo, ukuqhubeka nezibonelo ezedlule, I-Prunus dulcis y I-Prunus serrulata yizinhlobo ezimbili zePrunus.

Ngakho, yini engenziwa yi-hybridized? Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zohlobo olufanayo. Isibonelo se-hybrid -futhi engokwemvelo- yileso sesundu I-Washingtonia x filibusta. Lolu hlobo luvela esiphambanweni phakathi IWashingtonia filifera futhi i Washingtonia robusta, futhi yabelana ngezici zento ngayinye, njengesiqu esincanyana sika-W. robusta, futhi enenani elikhulu "lezinwele" noma "imicu" yamaqabunga e-W. filifera -nakuba emancane kunalawo ohlobo lwakamuva - . Futhi, kubanda kancane kune-washingtonia emsulwa.

Elinye iqiniso elibalulekile ukuthi ama-hybrids, egameni lawo, kufanele abe no-"x" ngemva kohlobo. Ngale ndlela, sizokwazi, ngokubheka nje igama, ukuthi isitshalo esiyingxube.

Kwezinye izimo, izitshalo ezinezinhlobo ezahlukene nazo ziyahlanganiswa, kodwa zingezesizwe esifanayo., njenge-Butia kanye ne-Syagrus, eveza i-Butyagrus; noma i-Pachyveria (i-Pachyphytum ne-Echeveria), phakathi kwabanye. Nokho, kulezi zimo i-»x» ibekwa ngaphambi kohlobo: x Butyagrus, x Pachyveria, njll. Kodwa le yimisebenzi yomuntu, ngoba nguye okhetha izibonelo ezithandekayo kuye, futhi nguye ophethe impova kuzo.

Siyini isitshalo esiyingxube?

Isitshalo esiyi-hybrid singesinye salokho livela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili noma ezizukulwaneni ezimbili ezihlukene eziphuma esizweni esisodwa. Izici ezitholwa yisitshalo esiphuma kulesi siphambano yinto engenakukhethwa, kodwa okusobala ukuthi izoba nezakhi zofuzo kubazali baso ababili.

Ngakho-ke, ku- icala lokucatshangelwa -Lokhu akwenzeki emvelweni futhi akuyona into eyenziwa abantu- Uma isihlahla se-cherry sihlanganiswa nesihlahla som-alimondi, isibonelo, yini ebingafinyelelwa? Lapha ithuba lingasinika, isibonelo:

• Isihlahla esimelana nesomiso kanye nesihlahla som-alimondi, kodwa esinezithelo eziyinyama njengama-cherry.
• Isihlahla esakhula emhlabathini ovundile kuphela - njengesihlahla sama-cherry, kodwa esinamantongomane afana nama-alimondi.
• Isihlahla som-alimondi esasikwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa neqhwa ngaphandle kobunzima, njengoba kwenza isihlahla samacherry.
• Isihlahla sama-cherry esikwazi ukumelana nokushisa kwaseMedithera ngaphandle kwezinkinga-eziningi, njengoba kwenza isihlahla som-alimondi.
• Njll

Izibonelo zezitshalo ezixubile

Namuhla into enzima ukuthola izitshalo eziyizinhlobo ezihlanzekile. Lapha sizokukhombisa ezinye:

I-cypress yaseLeyland (I-Cupressus x leylandii)

I-Leyland cypress iyinhlanganisela yemvelo, evela esiphambanweni phakathi I-Cupressus macrocarpa y ICallitropsis nootkatensis. Ifinyelela kubude obusondele kumamitha ayi-20, futhi iyi-evergreen conifer esetshenziswa kabanzi ukwakha uthango olude ezingadini.

UGerbera x hybrida

Yisiphambano phakathi UGerbera jamesonii futhi i UGerbera viridifolia. Kuyinto isitshalo herbaceous ukuthi Ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30 ukuphakama futhi ikhiqiza izimbali ezimise okwedaisy ezinemibala ehlukahlukene kakhulu.okusawolintshi, obomvu, ophuzi noma opinki.

i-fuchsia hybrida

La i-fuchsia hybrida Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi iphuma kuluphi uhlobo lwe-Fuchsia, kodwa iyona edayiswa kakhulu njengamanje. Kuyisihlahla esincane esihlala siluhlaza esifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-50 ukuphakama ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi., futhi lokho kunezimbali ezilengayo. Lezi zimise okwensimbi, futhi zingaba pink, ezimhlophe noma ezi-lilac.

Ubhanana womthunzi (I-Platanus x hispanica)

El ubhanana wethunzi Kuwumuthi ovuthulukayo oqhamuka esiphambanweni I-Platanus orietalis y I-Platanus occidentalis. Ifinyelela kumamitha angu-20 ubude, futhi inamaqabunga afana nalawo ama-maple., yingakho yaziwa nangokuthi I-Platanus x acerifolia (i-acerifolia = iqabunga le-maple).

Isithelo segilebhisi (Icitrus x paradisi)

El pomelo Kuyingxube yemvelo etholakala phakathi kwewolintshi elimnandi (I-Citrus x sinensiskanye nolamula (ICitrus maxima). Idabuka eNdiya, futhi ifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-6. Izithelo zibukeka njengamawolintshi, empeleni zicishe zilingane, kodwa zinenyama ebomvu..

Ucabangani ngezitshalo eziyingxube?