Ubuntu bukwazile ukwenza ikoloni cishe wonke umhlaba. Singabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyisikhombisa nohhafu (ngo-2020) futhi, kusobala ukuthi sonke sidinga ukubhekelwa izidingo zethu, okunye kokudla, futhi sifuna ukukwenza ngemali ephansi. Ngakho-ke, esinye sezixazululo esenziwe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, ukusebenzisa umhlaba ukutshala kanye / noma ukutshala ezinye ukulima ngendlela eyodwa.
Njengoba igama lalo lisikisela, imayelana nokukhulisa uhlobo olulodwa lwesitshalo, futhi ukusinakekela ngendlela efanayo kungakhathalekile ukuthi kubhekiswe kakhulu eningizimu noma enyakatho. Inezinzuzo eziningi, kepha futhi kunezingqinamba ezinkulu esizobona manje.
Isingeniso esifushane
Abantu bayizilwane ezikwazi ukuvumelanisa imvelo nezimo zethu, nezidingo zethu kanye nezifiso zethu. Kuze kube namuhla, zimbalwa kakhulu izindawo ezihlala ziyizintombi ngalo mqondo, okufanele zisenze sicabange ngoba izinsiza zilinganiselwe. Uma singazisebenzisi kahle, kungekudala sizophela kuzo. Futhi lokho, kungaba yinhlekelele leyo.
Ungase ucabange ukuthi nginehaba (ngingavele ngibe yilokho nje, ihaba), kepha lapho izinsiza eziyisisekelo ziyindlala, lapho sincishwa amanzi nokudla, umuzwa wokusinda uzosiholela ekubalweleni.
Ngabe lokhu kuhlangana ngani nokwenziwa kwemvelo yodwa? Kungenzeka ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi ngidabula »amagquma e-Úbeda» njengoba sisho eSpain, isisho esisho ukuchezuka noma ukuqhela esihlokweni esikhulu, kepha akukho okungaba kude neqiniso.
Njengoba inani labantu likhula, isidingo sokudla siyanda. Kungakho kudingeka ngokwengeziwe ukutshala izitshalo eziningi ngokwengeziwe, emikhakheni eba mikhulu ngokwengeziwe.. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunciphisa izindleko kuyadingeka ukuthola indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zitshalo zinengozi encane yokuthola izinambuzane nezifo. Ngale ndlela, kucatshangelwa lokhu, kwavela imvelo eyodwa.
Yini i-monoculture?
Imvelo eyodwa ukutshala imbewu noma izitshalo zohlobo olulodwa endaweni ebanzi kakhulu yomhlaba, futhi unakekele zonke izinhlobo ngendlela efanayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngamunye wabo uzothola:
- amanzi afanayo nenani elifanayo,
- inani elifanayo lamahora wokukhanya,
- ukwelashwa okufanayo kokudla okunempilo,
- umanyolo ofanayo nenani elifanayo,
- ukuthena okufanayo.
Ngokufanayo, bazoqoqwa bonke ngasikhathi sinye.
Izitshalo zinganakekelwa ngendlela eyejwayelekile noma engaphansi kwendabuko njengoba kwenziwa kwezinye izingxenye ze-Asia ngamasimu erayisi ngokwesibonelo, noma ngemishini.
Yini i-monoculture ebanzi yemishini?
Uma sikhuluma nge-monoculture enkulu esebenza ngomshini sisho ukuthi, Ukunakekela lezi zilimo nokuvuna lapho kudingeka, kusetshenziswa imishini yezolimo.
Ngenxa yabo, lokho obekucatshangwa emakhulwini eminyaka adlule kufinyelelwe: ukugcina inani elikhulu lezitshalo ziphilile ngokwanele, nokuvuna inqwaba yokudla ngesikhathi esifushane.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zohlobo olulodwa?
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, kunezinzuzo eziningana lolu hlelo olunazo. Ngokwesibonelo:
Ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kokudla kwezitshalo
Esikhathini samasonto ambalwa, i-monoculture eyodwa inikeza ukudla kwezitshalo ngobuningi obukhulu. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho izilimo ze- ilayisi, ubhontshisi, ummbila kanye / noma eminye imikhiqizo eyisisekelo.
Abasebenzi abancishisiwe
Yize i-monoculture ihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu, bambalwa abasebenzi abaphethe ukunakekela nokwelapha lezi zitshalo. Eqinisweni, bayisibonelo esicacile sendlela abasebenzi abasebenza ngayo esikhundleni semishini.
Umkhiqizo otholakalayo uthengiswa ngezindleko eziphansi
Ngoba ikhiqizwa ngobuningi, kungalinganiswa futhi kuthengiswe ngamanani aphansi. Lokhu yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi umnotho wezinga, okungamandla inkampani enayo lapho izuza izinga elifanele lokukhiqiza ukwehlisa izindleko zemikhiqizo yayo.
Yini ama-downsides?
Siyazazi izinzuzo, kepha kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini ububi bokulima nge monoculture okulandelayo:
Umhlabathi ulahlekelwa ukuzala kwawo
Lapho uvuna izitshalo, okuvame ukwenziwa ukubasiphula, okuyinkinga ngoba inhlabathi ngeke ikwazi ukubuyisa izakhamzimba ezilahlekile ngesikhathi lezi zitshalo zihluma futhi zikhula. Ngalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe- umquba kanye nomanyolo kuba isenzo esidingekayo.
Ingozi eyengeziwe yezinambuzane nezifo
Njengoba kuhlwanyelwa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwesitshalo, lokhu iba sengozini yokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane kanye / noma ama-microorganisms. Manje, lapho lokho kwenzeka, ukuqedwa kwalezi zinkinga kulula futhi kuyashesha, kepha kufaka imiphumela emibi, njengokuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo ezintsha, noma ukulahleka kwengcebo yomhlaba.
Ukulahleka kwezindawo eziluhlaza okwemvelo
Sekwenziwe phambilini futhi kuyenziwa manje: ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuguqula la mazwe abe ngamakhambi wodwa. Isibonelo esicacile kungaba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ashisayo, njengalawo ase-Indonesia, ukutshala uwoyela wesundu (U-Elaeis guineensis), lapho kukhishwa khona uwoyela wesundu, ufunwa kakhulu yimboni yokudla.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwendlela eyodwa yokwenza izinto kanye ne-polyculture?
Ukuqedela, ungahle uthande ukwazi ukuthi i-monoculture ne-polyculture ehluke kanjani:
Imvelo eyodwa
Izici zayo eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwesitshalo olukhulisiwe.
- Sebenzisa, imvamisa ngokweqile, kwemikhiqizo yezempilo.
- Ukulahleka kwengcebo yenhlabathi.
- Indawo iba sengozini yokuguguleka.
- Ukukhiqizwa kweMisa ngezindleko eziphansi.
- Kuyadingeka ukuthi indawo ithole ukukhululeka okujwayelekile.
I-Polyculture
Kubonakala ngalokhu okulandelayo:
- Izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezinhlobo zezitshalo ziyatshalwa.
- Ukuguguleka nokulahleka kokunotha kwenhlabathi kuvinjelwe.
- Ingatshalwa emasimini angajwayelekile, amancane noma amakhulu.
- Isidingo esincane sokusebenzisa imikhiqizo yezempilo.
- Ukudla okuxutshiwe kungatholakala ezweni elifanayo.
- Kuthatha umsebenzi omningi, ngakho inani lokugcina liphakeme.
Ngakho-ke yikuphi okuhle kakhulu?
Uma ungibuza, ngizokutshela ukuthi uma ngamunye wethu angaba noma kuvulandi, ithala noma kuvulandi omncane futhi asitshale utamatisi wethu, Upelepele, ukhukhamba, njll., ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi ngeke sisebenzise imithombo yemvelo kakhulu. Kepha-ke, kunabantu abaningi abahlala emafulethini, emafulethini ngisho nasezindlini ezingenayo indawo engaphandle, ngakho-ke yini engcono kumhlaba ... nakithi?
Well lokhu subjective. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ama-polycultures ahlonipha kakhulu imvelo, kepha ngenxa yama-monoculture singaba nokudla okushibhile. Kepha okusobala ukuthi kuzofanele kwenziwe okuthile, ngoba asikwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa izinsizakusebenza njengoba senza, ngoba ukwenza kanjalo kuzobeka (ngaphezulu) izilwane nezitshalo engcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Ngiyethemba kube usizo kuwe to.