Idan akwai wani nau'in shuka a cikin duniya wanda ke jawo hankali na musamman, wannan shine tsire-tsire masu cin nama. Kodayake mafi shahara duka shine abin da muka sani da Venus flytrap, kuma a Latin Dionaea muscipula, a zahiri akwai nau'uka da yawa da nau'ikan su; da daruruwa, idan ba dubbai ba, na kayan gona.
Sanin asalinsa da ganinsa a cikin hoto abu daya ne, amma koyon yadda ake noma shi wani abu ne daban.. Ba shi da wahala, kodayake na hango cewa kulawar da take buƙata ba daidai take da yadda take buƙata ba, misali, geranium.
Menene tsire-tsire masu cin nama?
Shuke-shuke mai cin nama, ko tsire-tsire mai kwari, Ita ce wacce take buƙatar farautar kwari don ciyar da kanta. Wannan ma'auni ne na daidaitawa zuwa yanayin da ƙasa ke da rashi ƙarancin nitrogen, kuma wanda yawanci yana da ruwa kuma koyaushe ko kusan a koyaushe yana da ruwa.
An kiyasta cewa akwai wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan shuke-shuke masu cin nama guda 600, wadanda aka hada su cikin jinsin tsirrai 11, mafi yaduwar yaduwa su ne: sarracenia, Dionaea, Sundew y Gabatarwa.
A ina ne tsire-tsire masu cin nama suke girma?
Ya dogara da nau'in, amma gabaɗaya asalinsu yankuna ne masu zafi da zafi na duniya. Galibi suna cikin yankuna masu dausayi, bogs da makamantansu. Kodayake fifiko yana iya zama baƙon abu, a cikin Turai kuma muna da wasu nau'ikan asalin, kamar:
- Sundew rotundifolia
- Drosophyllum lusitanicum
- Penguin na kasar Lusitaniya
Nau'in tarko na shuke-shuke masu cin nama
Waɗannan tsirrai an rarraba su ta hanyoyi da yawa, kuma ɗayansu yana da nau'in tarko. Wasu sun fi wasu dabara, amma duk sun samo asali ne don kama kwari. Don haka, zamu iya bambance tarkuna iri shida:
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- Hoton - Wikimedia / Jan Wieneke
- Mai siffa ta bututu: wannan shine batun Sarracenia misali, ko na Heliamphora. Ganye ne da aka gyaru wadanda aka yi su kamar bututu, wanda ke cike da ruwa (ruwa). Kwari suna jan hankalin nectar da shuke-shuke ke boyewa, amma idan ba su yi hankali ba sai su zame, su fada ciki inda suka nitse.
- Jug mai siffa: yayi kama da na baya, amma galibi suna da wani ɓangaren da zamu iya bayyana shi da 'hat'. Wannan shine tarkon Nepenthes, tsire-tsire wanda, ban da samar da tarko irin wannan, shima yana da ganye na gama gari, mai iya ɗaukar hoto.
- Mucilage: wani abu ne mai tsini wanda Sundew da Pinguicula ke dashi a babin ɓangaren ganyensu. Nau'i ne na "mannewa" wanda ke da matukar tasiri ga ƙananan kwari, kamar sauro ko ƙananan ƙuda.
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- Hoton - Wikimedia / Stefan.lefnaer
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- Hoto - Wikimedia / MFdeS
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- Tarkuna tare da buɗewa / rufewa ta atomatik: shine batun Utricularia. Suna samar da tarkuna a cikin siffar karamar fitsari, wacce ke da buda wacce ke daukar duk wani kankanin kwari ko dabbobin da suke wucewa. Bayan ya narkar da shi, sai ya sake budewa.
- Sassaka kamar bakin: wannan shine halin Dionaea. A kowane gefen gefunan suna da hanzaki ko hakora, kuma a cikin kowane tarko yana da gashi uku waɗanda suke da laushi a taɓa kowane gefe. Lokacin da kwaro ya taba mafi karancin biyu kusan a lokaci guda, ko kuma iri daya sau biyu a jere a cikin kasa da dakika ashirin, tarko na rufewa.
- Haɗuwa da yawa: wani lokacin mukan sami masu cin nama da tarko iri biyu. Misali, da Sundew glanduligera yana da ganye tare da mucilage, irinsa, amma wadannan tarkunan suma suna da hakora.
Har yaushe tsirrai masu cin nama suke rayuwa?
Ya dogara, amma sama da shekaru 20. A kowane hali, akwai da yawa waɗanda ke haɓaka tushen rhizomatous, daga abin da sababbin harbe suke fitowa. Misali, abin da ya fara a matsayin samfurin Sarracenia tare da tarko guda ɗaya, bayan shekaru biyu ko uku zai zama tsire-tsire da zaku iya raba, daidai godiya ga rhizome da take da shi, wanda ya kai ni ga ...:
Ta yaya tsire-tsire masu cin nama ke haifuwa?
Yawancin tsire-tsire masu cin nama suna ninka, ban da tsaba, ta hanyar rarraba rhizome. Bari mu ga yadda za a ci gaba bisa ga shari'ar:
- Tsaba: yawancin masu cin nama sune hermaphrodites, kamar su Dionaea ko Sarracenia, don haka ba zai zama muku wahala ku sami iri ba. Amma na mutanen Nepenthes basu da banbanci, don haka idan kuna da daya, abinda yafi dacewa shine a nemi samun mace da namiji ta goge su da hannu, tare da taimakon goga.
Da zarar mun sami tsaba, dole ne mu shuka su a cikin matattarar da ta dace. Gwargwadon daidaitaccen gishirin peat ba tare da hada shi da perlite a cikin sassan daidai ba, kuma za mu shayar da su da gibberellic acid don ta da ƙwayarsu. Idan kana bukatar karin bayani, Latsa nan. - Rhizome rabo: Ana yinta ta hanyar cire shukar daga tukunyar, tsaftace tushenta da ruwa mai tsafta don gano rijiyar rhizome, sannan kuma da almakashi da aka riga aka cutar, raba shuka. Duk wani yanki da ka bari ya zama yana da aƙalla tsiro guda ɗaya. Daga nan sai a dasa shi a cikin tukunya a ajiye shi a cikin inuwa mai tsayi, koda kuwa masu cin naman da suke son rana kai tsaye, har sai kaga sun girma.
Haɓakawa iri biyu ta hanyar tsaba da rarrabuwa ana bada shawarar ayi su a lokacin dumi, saboda suna buƙatar zafi yayi girma.
Nau'uka 9 ko nau'ikan shuke-shuke masu cin nama
Shin kuna son sanin sunayen wasu nau'in dabbobi masu cin nama? Da kyau kalli:
Cephalotus follicularis
Hoton - Flickr / Miloslav Dobšík
El Cephalotus follicularis wani nau'in halitta ne na Ostiraliya, wanda ya kai tsawon kimanin santimita 5 da kuma fadin 20 santimita. yana samar da tuluna masu yawa waɗanda suka fara koren kore kuma suka ƙare da launi mai launi ja / launin ruwan kasa. Yana son rana kai tsaye, amma yana kula da sanyi.
Dionaea muscipula
Hoton - Wikimedia / Björn S.
Wanda aka sani da venus flytrapNaman dabbobi ne waɗanda ke da tarko da 'haƙori' ko ƙananan hanu. Yana girma a Arewacin Amurka, kuma ya kai tsakanin santimita 3 zuwa 5 a tsayi. A lokacin bazara tana samar da furanni fari, waɗanda ke fitowa daga ƙwanƙolin fure mai tsawon santimita 10. Kodayake zaku iya sabawa da inuwar ta kusa, tarkunan nata suna da launi mafi kyau a rana, saboda haka yana da kyau a hankali ku bijirar da ita zuwa ga tauraron sarki don daidaita shi. Yana tsayayya da raunin sanyi, zuwa -2ºC.
Sundew capensis
Hoto - Flickr / yanayin haɗuwa
La Sundew capensis Asali ne na Afirka, musamman Cape. Yana daya daga cikin wadanda ake nomawa sosai, saboda saurin bunkasuwarsa da kuma karfin da yake dashi na tarko kananan kwari masu tashi, gami da sauro. Yana girma sama da centimita 20 tsayi. Dole ya zama an yi masa shadda / rabin-inuwa, amma in ba haka ba yana da sauƙin kulawa. Yana tallafawa mara ƙarfi da sanyi lokaci-lokaci, har zuwa -2ºC.
Babu kayayyakin samu..
Drosophyllum lusitanicum
Hoton - Wikimedia / incidencematrix
El Drosophyllum lusitanicumKasancewa ɗaya daga cikin asalin Spain (da Fotigal) ba za mu iya rasa damar sanar da ku ba. Mun same shi a cikin iyakar kudu da yamma na Yankin Iberian. Ya kai santimita 40 a tsayi, kuma yana ci gaba da ganye kama da na sundew, amma yafi tsayi da kyau. Tsirrai ne mai wahala wanda ke buƙatar rana amma kuma yana da matattara tare da kyakkyawan magudanan ruwa. Na goyon bayan rauni frosts.
Heliamphora ƙananan
Hoton - Wikimedia / Dals093838 // Heliamphora ƙananan var ƙananan
La Heliamphora ƙananan yana da matukar damuwa ga Venezuela. Yana da tarko mai kama da tarko, kore, ko ja a rana kuma ya danganta da nau'ikan, kuma yana da tsayi kimanin santimita 10 a mafi yawancin. Yana da kyau sosai, kamar yadda yake buƙatar ɗimbin zafi duk shekara, haske mai yawa amma ba kai tsaye ba, da yanayi mai ɗorewa duk shekara, tare da matsakaiciyar har zuwa 30ºC da mafi ƙarancin 10ºC. Don ƙarin bayani, muna gayyatarku ka karanta fayil ɗin da muke da shi akan Heliamphora.
Nepentes alata
Hoton - Wikimedia / Gery Singer
La Nepentes alata ita ce mafi kyawun nau'ikan jinsin halittu. Asalin ƙasar ta Philippines ne, kuma yana haɓaka koren ganye mai kama da lanceolate da tarko mai fasalin jan gilasai. Yana iya zama kusan santimita 30 tsayi, kuma tsirrai ne mai matukar ban sha'awa don samun a tukwane rataye. Tsayayya har zuwa 5ºC.
Vulgaris na harshe
Hoto - Wikimedia / xulescu_g
La Vulgaris na harshe Tsirrai ne masu cin nama wanda ke samarda rosette na koren ganye wanda ɓangarensa na sama yana da ƙuƙumi, wanda yake makale da ƙananan kwari. Asali ne na Turai, da yawancin Arewacin Amurka. Ya kai santimita 3 a tsayi, kuma yana samar da bishiyoyi masu fure har zuwa santimita 16. Furannin suna lilac. Saboda asalinsa, yana iya yin tsayayya da matsakaicin sanyi.
Sarracenia tsarkakakke
Hoton - Wikimedia / Michal Klajban
La Sarracenia tsarkakakke jinsi ne na asalin Amurka da Kanada. Tsirrai ne da ke haifar da ganyayyaki da aka juye su zuwa tarko cikin siffar fure ko bututu, mai launi ja (mafi yawan lokutan rana da zata bashi, tsananin tsananin launi zai kasance), kuma Yana girma zuwa kimanin santimita 30 tsayi. Furannin suna tashi daga dogon tushe, kimanin santimita 20, kuma suna da ja. Yana buƙatar rana kai tsaye, da yanayin yanayi mai sanyi tare da sanyi zuwa -4ºC.
Utricularia australis
Hoto - Wikimedia / Hugues TINGUY
La Utricularia australis Tsirrai ne masu tsire-tsire, na masu cin ruwa da ke tsiro kusan ko'ina a duniya. Ya haɓaka mai tsayi inci 45 inci, kuma yana da furanni rawaya waɗanda suka taso daga reshen reshe. Yana tsiro ne a cikin cikakkiyar rana da kuma a cikin inuwa ta kusa, kuma ya yi tsayayya har zuwa -5ºC.
Mene ne kulawa da tsire-tsire masu cin nama?
Yanzu bari mu matsa zuwa kulawa. Amma kafin mu fara yana da mahimmanci a bayyana cewa waɗannan kulawa ce ta gaba ɗaya. Zasu iya bambanta kadan dangane da nau'in nama da yanayin yanayi, tunda misali akwai wasu da zamu iya girma a waje duk shekara, amma wasu dole a basu kariya a lokacin sanyi.
Yanayi
Shuke-shuke masu cin nama haske suke so, don abin da ya fi dacewa shi ne a same su a waje, a sararin sama. Akwai wasu, kamar su Sarracenia ko Darlingtonia, wadanda, ban da haske, suna bukatar hasken rana kai tsaye; kuma akwai wasu kamar Heliamphora ko Nepenthes waɗanda suke girma cikin inuwa.
Idan akwai sanyi a yankinku, dole ne ku kare a cikin wani greenhouse ko a gida waɗanda suke na asalin wurare masu zafi / zafi, kamar su Drosera, Pinguicula, ko Nepenthes da yawa.
Danshi da ban ruwa
Suna rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu danshi, suna da matukar buƙata dangane da laima, a ƙasa da kuma mahalli. Saboda wannan, yana da mahimmanci a basu wadataccen ruwa. Mafi kyawu shine tsarkakakken ruwan sama mai tsafta, amma idan muka kasa amfani dashi zamuyi amfani da tsaftataccen ruwa. Idan muna zaune a yankin da muhallin ya bushe ko ya bushe sosai, dole ne mu fesa su / fesa su kowace rana, musamman a lokacin bazara-bazara.
A halin da ake ciki cewa akasin haka muna cikin yanki mai danshi, ko dai saboda ana ruwan sama sau da yawa, muna kan tsibiri ko kusa da bakin teku, ba zai zama dole mu fesa su ba.
Idan mukayi maganar ban ruwa, zai zama mai yawa ko kadan ya dogara da nau'in shuka mai cin nama. Don haka, yayin da Sarracenia za mu iya sanya farantin a ƙasa kuma mu ci gaba da cike shi koyaushe, sauran ba sa son koyaushe suna cikin hulɗa da ruwa.
Substratum
Daidaitaccen cakuda shine ganshin peat ba tare da yin takin ciki tare da perlite ba, a cikin sassan daidai. Amma idan muna son amfanin gona ya zama cikakke, zai fi dacewa muyi la'akari da cewa kowane nau'in dabbobi masu cin nama suna da irin nasu shawarar da aka bada shawara:
- cephalotus: 60% peat mai launi (don sayarwa) a nan) tare da yashi 40% quartz.
- darlingtonia: sphagnum gansakuka, zai fi dacewa rayuwa.
- Dionaea: 70% peat mai farin gashi tare da 30% a kowane shafi.
- Sundew: ditto.
- Gabatarwa: ditto, ko moss na sphagnum (saya shi a nan).
- Penguin: 70% peat mai farin gashi tare da 30% na kowane fata (don sayarwa) a nan).
- sarracenia: ditto.
- Tsarin aiki: ditto.
Kari akan haka, dole ne a yi amfani da tukwanen roba tare da ramuka a cikin gindi domin su yi girma ba tare da matsala ba.
Dasawa
Dole ne a dasa su kowane shekara 3 ko 4. Amma yana da mahimmanci a faɗi cewa ba dukansu zasu buƙaci canje-canje da yawa na tukunya ba: lestananan su, kamar Dionaea, zasu dasa kawai sau uku, wataƙila sau huɗu a rayuwarsu.
Hakanan, ya kamata a yi shi a lokacin bazara, don haka yana da sauƙi a gare su su dawo da ci gaban su.
Annoba da cututtuka
Shuka mai cin nama tana da wahala sosai. Amma musamman a lokacin rani na iya samun buɓaɓɓun fata, kuma a lokacin damina dole ne ku kalli katantanwa, musamman idan muna da su yarukan harsuna, Domin sun cinye su. Dukansu kwari za a iya cire su da hannu; na farko kuma tare da duniyar diatomaceous (don siyarwa a nan).
Game da cututtuka, yana da ɗan wahala a gare su. Wadanda basa son ruwa mai yawa, kamar su Dionaea ko Nepenthes, zasu iya karewa da rubabben tushe, misali idan aka shayar dasu da yawa.
Mai jan tsami
Ba lallai ba ne, amma a cikin bazara ya kamata a yanke sassan busassun ta yadda shuka zata iya samun karin haske.
Rusticity
Muna magana ne game da tsirrai cewa yawanci basa jure sanyi ko sanyi. Mai da hankali kan waɗanda aka fi noman su, waɗanda suka fi tallafawa shi ne Sarracenia da Dionaea, amma duk da haka, idan yanayin zafin ya sauka ƙasa da -2ºC, zai zama dole a kiyaye su.
Ernaunar shuke-shuke masu cin nama
Hoton - Flickr / Aaron Carlson
Wadannan tsire-tsire masu cin nama, da kuma Drosophyllum da Drosera na yanayi mai yanayi (kamar D. angustifolia), dole ne su yi sanyi / sanyi a lokacin hunturu. Sabili da haka, idan sun girma a yankuna masu zafi ko wurare masu zafi, dole ne a ajiye su a cikin firiji na fewan makonni. Sabili da haka, za'a wanke su da kyau tare da ruwa mai narkewa, za a kiyaye rhizome tare da vermiculite da filastik, kuma za a saka su a cikin kayan wanki - tare da murfi - Bayan haka, za'a gabatar dasu cikin kayan, a ɓangaren tsiran alade, madara, da sauransu.
