Chokwadi wakambosangana neapo neapo elm pawanga uchifamba kana kuenda kunoshanya. Iyi miti mikuru yave iri chikamu chenhoroondo yemunhu kubva panguva dzakare. asi vanhu vashoma vanoziva zvakawanda nezvawo, zvakadai semichero inobereka elm.
Muchikamu chino tichatsanangura kuti chii chinonzi elm, kugoverwa kwayo uye kushandiswa kwayo. Mukuwedzera, isu tichapindura mubvunzo mukuru wakabvunzwa nemusoro weichi chinyorwa: Ndeupi muchero unobereka elm? Usazeza kuramba uchiverenga kana iwe uchifarira miti iyi!
Chii chinonzi elm?
Tisati tajekesa kuti ndeupi muchero unobereka elm, tichatanga tatsanangura kuti muriwo uyu chii. Irudzi rwemuti uri chikamu chemhuri ulmaceae uye iyo inogamuchira zita resainzi Ulmus. Mhuka dzerudzi urwu miti inodonha ine saizi yakasimba uye yakareba. Vanokwanisa kusvika kusvika mamita makumi mana pakureba.
Pakati pemhando dzinowanzozivikanwa ndeye Ulmus mudiki, inozivikanwawo seyakajairika kana dema elm. Iine hunde yakakora uye yakakombama zvishoma. Inogona kunge yakavharwa mumienzaniso yekare, kunyanya iyo yakave yakatemwa. Makwati aro ane greyi-brown kana kuti rima uye ane mutsemuka uye akaomarara. Korona yaro inofanira kujekeswa, iyo yakafara uye yakatenderedzwa nemashizha akaonda, ayo anopa mumvuri wakanaka pamazuva ezuva. Mapazi acho akatetepa uye haana mvere uye makwati awo anotsvedzerera uye akashava.
Kana ari mashizha e-elm, aya anonongedza uye akakomberedzwa nemucheka wakatsetseka. Vane basal asymmetry, sezvo kureba kwekuiswa kwepamusoro kwegumbo iri pasi peiyo yekuisa ne ramillo. Kana ari maruva emuti uyu mukuru, iwaya akakura kare. Iwo akaiswa mu inflorescences anogona kuve neanosvika makumi matatu maruva. Chibereko chacho chinogona kuibva uye chichipararira kunyange mashizha elm asati anyatsoumbwa.
elm distribution
Tinogona kuwana elms kumadokero kweAsia, munzvimbo zhinji dzeEurope uye kuNorth Africa. Muti wagara uchisimwa nevanhu kwemakore akawanda. Munguva yevaRoma dunhu rayo rakatambanudzwa uye zvakaoma chaizvo kuziva kuti muganhu wacho chii chaizvo. Semuenzaniso, zvitsuwa zveMallorca, Menorca neIbiza zvine elms, asi hazvizivikanwe kana zvichingoitika kana kurimwa. Pamusoro pezvo, miti iyi inowanikwa munharaunda yese yeIberian Peninsula, asi inowanzoitika munzvimbo idzo dzine mamiriro ekunze eMediterranean.
Pakukura muti mukuru uyu, zvakakosha kuti ivhu rakadzika uye nyoro. Nzvimbo dzakanakisisa imahombekombe enzizi nemasango, kwatinogonawo kuwana kazhinji mimwe miti yakaita se poplars, alders, miti yemadota y sauces.
Kana iri mamiriro ekunze, akanakisa elms ane mwero, ndosaka zvisingaite kuona miti iyi pamusoro pechiuru chemita pamusoro pegungwa. Elm inowanzo maruva pakupera kwechando, pakati paFebruary naMarch, apo kuparadzirwa kwezvibereko zvayo kunoitika muna Kubvumbi.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti murume kana mukadzi Ulmus akatambura mukati mezana remakore rapfuura denda rinoshanda uye rakakosha rinonzi «graphiosis«. Inokonzerwa nefungi inonzi Ophiostoma novo-ulmi y Ophiostoma ulmi. Izvi zvinorwisa dzinenge marudzi ese emiti yemiti. Somugumisiro, miti iyi nhasi iri mungozi yokutsakatika. Zvakatiomera kudavira, sezvo miti yainzi miti yaiwanzogara pasi rose denda iri risati ratanga. Vanamazvikokota vanoti huwandu hwema<em>elm hushoma hwakadzikiswa nechikamu chiri pakati pe80% ne90%.Kana mune mimwe yemiti iyi mubindu renyu, zvakakosha kuti muzive kuti chirwere ichi chinoparadzirwa nezvipembenene. Ndinokurudzira kuti utarise chinyorwa chedu pa nzira yekudzinga kana kubvisa elm beetle.
Use
Sezvatakambotaura kare, elm miti yakarimwa nevanhu kwenguva yakareba. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwakawanda kwakapihwa. Somuenzaniso, bark rinoshandiswa gadzira tinctures inoshandiswa mukurapa kwehutachiona hwakanyanya izvo zvakakonzerwa nemabhakitiriya erudzi Clostridium, iyo inowanzoramba mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Zvakare huni dzakaoma uye dzakaonda zvakadaro dzakashandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira maekisero emavhiri nemajoko engoro. Zvakare, yaive yakakurumbira pakuvaka ngarava.
Chibereko cheelm
Zvino zvatava kuziva zvakawanda nezvomuti uyu wakanaka, ngatiendei kune zvinotifadza chaizvo: Muchero upi unobereka elm? Zvakanaka, hausi muchero wakatenderedzwa uye une nyama unoratidza miti yemichero zvakanyanya. Panyaya ye elm, michero ndiyo samaras. Idzi dzine chimiro chakati sandara uye dzine bapiro re orbicular rinotenderedza mhodzi zvachose. Anowanzo kuunganidzwa uye kazhinji ane hurefu huri pakati pemamirimita manomwe kusvika mapfumbamwe. Samaras imhando yemuchero wakaoma usina inndehiscent, kureva: Haivhuri kuburikidza nevhavha. Kutenda kune chimiro chayo, zviri nyore kwazvo kuti ipararire nemhepo.
Pakutanga, ruvara rwe elm samaras rakasvibirira rakasvibirira nemamwe toni dzvuku, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri pedyo nembeu. Isati yadonha inoshanduka ruvara rweyero-ruvara. Zvese mu elms uye mumiti yemadota kana ailantos, mhodzi iri pakati pebapiro resamara. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakadai semaples, inowanzowanikwa kune rumwe rutivi rwemichero, asi bapiro rinowedzera kune rumwe rutivi.
Zvinoda kuziva kuti zvisikwa zvinopa sei akawanda akasiyana mafomu uye mazano zvichienderana nerudzi rwechipenyu uye mhando. Chokwadi, hazvizomboregi kutishamisa!