Umthi onzima zezi zityalo zihlala zibonelela ngomthunzi omnandi kakhulu. Ngokubanzi badinga indawo enkulu yokuphuhlisa, njengoko iikomityi zabo zihlala zibanzi. Kodwa ke, kuhlala kuhlala kunomdla ukuba negadi, kuba ukubulela kubo akuyi kuba nzima kuthi ukonwabela, umzekelo, ipikniki nabahlobo, okanye ukufunda incwadi elungileyo.
Xa ukhetha uhlobo kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba ziya kuhlala kakuhle kwindawo ofuna ukuzibeka kuyo, kuba kuphela kwendlela yokuphepha iingxaki kwixesha elifutshane neliphakathi. Masibazi ngokweenkcukacha.
Yintoni isityalo esinamagqabi?
Izityalo ezinamagqabi ezo zinamagqabi amaninzi, zicaba kwaye zihlala zibanzi. Yimithi kunye namatyholo anokuba luhlaza okomileyo okanye luhlobo oluhlala luhlaza, enamagqabi amdaka, angaphantsi kwesiqhelo, okanye e-deciduous. Ukugcina amagqabi ephila ixesha elide njengoko kufuneka, zihlala kwindawo efudumeleyo kunye nokufuma ngakumbi kune-conifers.
Ngapha koko, ukuba sithelekisa amagqabi emephu umzekelo kunye nepine, siyakuqonda kwangoko ukuqaqamba kwayo, kwaye ukuba sinethuba lokubeka umkhenkce omncinci kuyo - ngaphandle kokuyikhupha emthini- yabona ukuba iza konakala ngokukhawuleza okukhulu ngokungakulungeli ukumelana nezi meko. Amagqabi emipayini, kunye nee-conifers ngokubanzi, ziyakwazi ukumelana nomkhenkce kunye nekhephu kangangeentsuku kunye neeveki ngexesha ngaphandle kwengxaki ezininzi.
Ke ngoko, ezo ntlobo zinamagqabi ziqheleke kakhulu kwimimandla eshushu, ekweleenjiko kunye neyobushushu. Xa abaninzi behlala kunye kwindawo enye, benza amahlathi abizwa ngokuba ngamahlathi abanzi, amahlathi alukhuni okanye amahlathi abanzi.
Zingaphi iindidi zamahlathi aphangaleleyo akhoyo?
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamahlathi omthi okhuni ziyahluka:
Amahlathi akweleenjiko nakweleenjiko
Zizo ezo zikwi (okanye kufutshane) kumgca weikhweyitha, kummandla wetropical. Iqondo lobushushu lonyaka eliqhelekileyo lijikeleze ama-27ºC kwimeko yamahlathi akweleenjiko, kunye ne-17-24ºC kwezi zikwindawo efudumeleyo.
Amahlathi emvula okanye amahlathi afumileyo
Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Dukeabruzzi
Kukwaziwa njengehlathi elinamahlathi okanye amahlathi ashinyeneyo akweleenjiko. Yinto biome ukuba amaqela adibanisa indalo yehlathi kunye neqondo lobushushu lonyaka eliphakathi kwe-17 kunye ne-24 locatedC ebekwe ikakhulu kummandla wetropical. Imvula rhoqo, ke ukufuma kuyaqinisekiswa.
Imithi inamagqabi amakhulu, abonakala ngokuba 'namajelo' okuphuma kwamanzi kwincam; nangona kunjalo, ixolo lomthi wayo ngokubanzi licekeceke kakhulu, ligudile kwaye ngamanye amaxesha linameva. Iziqhamo zayo zinkulu, ziyinyama, kwaye zimnandi kakhulu kwizilwanyana.
I-Nimbosilva okanye ihlathi le montane
Ikwabizwa ngokuba lihlathi lamafu okanye ihlathi elinobugqwetha, kwaye ikwaqokelelwa kumahlathi emvula. Kule ndawo, kukho umbethe ongapheliyo ocutha ilanga ngqo lifike emhlabeni, kwaye ke, ngumphunga (ukulahleka kokufuma ngenxa yokutshintsha kwesityalo) kuyachaphazeleka.
Ke, kuphela ngabo banakho ukuhlala kwezi ndawo, ezinje ngeeferns okanye ubulembu, abahlala ngokumangalisayo kumahlathi emonti. Ewe kunjalo, ikhona imithi, njenge I-Quercus costaricensis o Ukutshutshisa.
I-Hiemisilva okanye ihlathi elomileyo
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Luis albert255
Ikwabizwa ngokuba lihlathi elomileyo okanye ihlathi elinqabileyo, kwaye ibekwe phakathi kwamahlathi emvula kunye nenkqubo eyomileyo yendalo yazo zombini i-hemispheres, phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-20º latitude. Imozulu ifudumele, kubushushu obuphakathi kwama-25 nama-30ºC, kwaye imvula iphakathi kwama-300 kunye ne-1500mm enexesha elomileyo elomileyo. ezinokuhlala ukusuka kwiinyanga ezine ukuya kwezisithoba.
Imithi ehlala apha inamagqabi amakhulu aneentyatyambo ezithandekayo, ezinje nge Bauhinia variegata, kodwa ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo ziyalahleka zinamahlamvu ukuze zilondoloze amanzi kwaye ziqhubeke ziphila.
Amahlathi ashushu
It is a biome that lihlopha amahlathi ahlala kuyo Imozulu eziphakathi, kunye nemvula ejikeleze i-600 kunye ne-1500 mm nge-avareji, kunye neqondo lobushushu lonyaka eliphakathi kwe-12-16ºC, kusenokubakho ubusika obubanda kakhulu.
Ihlathi elinqabileyo
IHayedo eSoria (eSpain). Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / David Abián
Luhlobo lwamahlathi afudumeleyo afunyanwa kwimpuma yeNtla Melika, uninzi lweYurophu, inxalenye yeAsia kubandakanya ezinye zeJapan, iNew Zealand kunye nomazantsi-ntshona oMzantsi Merika. Imvula yonyaka ingaphezulu kwe-800mm.
Apha, imithi ilahla amagqabi ekwindla-ebusika, kwaye ihluma entwasahlobo, njengemithi ye-beech (Fagus) okanye iimephu (Acer).
Ihlathi laseLaurel
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Gruban kwiFlickr
Ikwabizwa ngokuba lihlathi elipholileyo, kuba kungenxa yokuba Imvula inkulu kune-1000mm kwaye amaqondo obushushu aphakathi, iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo zikhula kuyo, njengaseMacaronesia umzekelo.
Ezo zityalo zihlala kweli hlathi zibonakaliswa ngokuba luhlaza rhoqo, njenge-laurel (ILaurus).
Ihlathi elixubileyo
Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Umberto Salvagnin wase-Itali
Elo hlathi laziwa njengehlathi elidibeneyo apho i-angiosperm kunye ne-coniferous plants zihlala khona. Umzekelo, enye yezona zaziwa kakhulu- kwaye, ngelishwa, enye yezona zisengozini yokunyamalala ikakhulu ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi- lihlathi elixubeneyo laseAtlantic, ebekwe kunxweme lweAtlantic kwiNtshona yeYurophu. Kuyo kuhlala, phakathi kwezinye, imithi (Pinus) kunye oki (Quercus).
Ihlathi leMeditera
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / מתניה
Izityalo zehlathi leMeditera ziye zavela ukuze zihlale kwiindawo apho imvula yonyaka iphakathi kwama-300 nama-700mm, nalapho kukho ixesha elomileyo elihambelana nehlobo. Siza kuyifumana le biome, njengoko igama layo lisitsho, kwingingqi yeMeditera, kodwa naseCalifornia, kumbindi weChile, emazantsi e-Australia nase Mzantsi Afrika.
Amagqabi awo ahlala eluhlaza, enesikhumba, kwaye akaqhele ukudlula kwiimitha ezingama-20 ukuphakama. Banokuba nameva, nokuba kungamagqabi, okanye kumasebe. Umzekelo, apha siza kubona Imastic (IPistacia), amaphiko (URhamnus alaternus) okanye iAleppo pine (UPinus halepensis).
Iindidi zomthi onamagqabi
Ngoku ekubeni siyazi ngcono imithi elukhuni, lixesha lokuba ufumane ukuba yeyiphi imithi enjalo. Ukwenza kube lula kuwe ukuba ukhethe enye yegadi yakho, sizicazulule kancinci:
Amagqabi, imithi ekhula kade
Yiyo leyo zikhule malunga neesentimitha ezingama-50 ngonyaka okanye ngaphantsi, ngolu hlobo:
Imephu encinciI-Acer monspessulanum)
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Jebulon
El imephu encinci ngumthi onqabileyo okanye isampling yomthonyama eYurophu nakwintshona yeAsia leyo ifikelela kubude beemitha ezisi-4 ukuya kwezi-7. Amagqabi ayo achetyiwe, aluhlaza, nangona ajika abe bomvu ekwindla ngaphambi kokuwa. Iqhakaza entwasahlobo, kodwa ziintyatyambo ezingenalo ixabiso lokuhombisa.
Ikhula kumhlaba onesilinda kunye nelitye lekalika, ngaphandle kokuba unkcenkceshelwe ngokulinganayo. Ukunyamezela umthunzi. Inqaba ukuya kuthi ga kwi -18ºC.
Ulwelo (I-Liquidambar styraciflua)
El ulwelo ngumthi onqabileyo oyinzalelwane yasemazantsi eUnited States, eMexico naseGuatemala ifikelela kubude beemitha ezisi-10 ukuya kwezi-40. Amagqabi ayafana nalawo eemaphu, okt anamagqabi esundu, aluhlaza entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni kwaye amthubi, abomvu krwe ekugqibeleni abenombala wekwindla. Iqhakaza entwasahlobo, kodwa iintyatyambo zayo azinaxabiso lokuhombisa.
Ikhula kwimihlaba eneasidi, ityebile zizinto eziphilayo. Ifuna ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo. Ngaphandle koko, iyamelana nokubanda kunye neqabaka ukuya -18ºC.
Umthi we-Strawberry (IArbutus unedo)
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / GPodkolzin
El arbutus Ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza okwemvelo kummandla weMeditera kunye nonxweme lweAtlantic, ngesiqhelo, awudluli kwiimitha ezi-3 nangona inokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-10 ukuphakama. Amagqabi ayo amade okweqanda, anombala oluhlaza oqaqambileyo, kwaye avelisa iziqhamo ezibomvu nezityiwayo ehlotyeni / ekwindla.
Ikhula kwimihlaba enesilice kunye nelitye lekalika, evulekileyo, kwaye ecwengileyo. Ifuna ilanga ngqo kunye nokunkcenkceshela ngokulingeneyo, kodwa iyayixhasa imbalela. Inqaba ukuya kuthi ga kwi -12ºC.
Imithi ekhula ngokukhawuleza
Le mithi sikubonisa yona ngezantsi yile zikhule ngaphezulu kweesentimitha ezingama-50 ngonyaka, ukuba iimeko ezifanelekileyo ziyafezekiswa koku:
IChorisia (Chorisia speciosa)
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Nsaum75
La chorisia okanye rosewood ngumthi onqabileyo owinzalelwane yaseBrazil, eMantla mpuma eArgentina naseParaguay ifikelela kubude beemitha ezi-15-20. Amagqabi ayo ayindidi yesundu, aluhlaza kwaye awele kwixesha lonyaka elomileyo (okanye ekwindla / ebusika ukuba ukwingingqi enemozulu epholileyo). Ivelisa iintyatyambo ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
Ikhula kwimihlaba echumileyo nenelanga, kwilanga elipheleleyo. Iyayichasa imbalela kunye neqabaka ukuya -12ºC.
Ibhanana lobuxoki (I-Acer pseudoplatanus)
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Willow
El ibhanana eliyinyani ngumthi onqabileyo ozelwe kumazantsi nakumbindi weYurophu ukuya kuthi ga kwintshona yeAsia leyo ifikelela kubude beemitha ezi-25-30. Amagqabi ayo arhangqwe ngokwesundu, aneelobusi ezintlanu, aluhlaza ngaphandle kokwindla ajika abe tyheli ngaphambi kokuwa ukuba iqabaka liqala ukubakho ngelo xesha lonyaka. Iqhakaza entwasahlobo, kodwa iintyatyambo zayo azibonisi.
Ikhula kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaba, kodwa ikhetha leyo ineasidi encinci, kwaye ukuba nje ityebile kwizinto eziphilayo kwaye ibekwe kwilanga elipheleleyo. Inqaba ukuya kwi -30ºC.
IPaulonia (IPawlonia tomentosa)
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Jean-Pol GRANDMONT
La paulonia okanye kiri ngumthi onqabileyo owinzalelwane yase China nase Japan ifikelela kubude beemitha ezi-10-15. Amagqabi yi-ovate, ukuya kuthi ga kwiisentimitha ezingama-30 ubude, kwaye aluhlaza. Ngentwasahlobo ivelisa iintyatyambo eziqokelelwe kwii-panicles kwaye zitshintshiwe.
Ikhula kumhlaba ochumileyo, ofunxwe kakuhle. Ifuna ukunkcenkceshela okuphakathi, rhoqo ehlotyeni. Ukumelana nekhephu ukuya kwi -12ºC.
Siyathemba ukuba okufundileyo malunga nezityalo ezinamagqabi kunye neendawo zazo zokuhlala ziluncedo kuwe.