Yintoni ii-samara kwaye zihlwayelwa njani?

Zininzi iintlobo zeziqhamo, kuxhomekeke kwisityalo ekuthethwa ngaso kunye nesicwangciso sendaleko esisilandeleyo. Yiyo loo nto, siyazi ukuba kukho ezinye ezinokuba nobunzima beekhilogram ezininzi, kwaye ezinye zikhaphukhaphu kangangokuba zinokubanjwa ngomnwe omnye, njengee-samaras.

I-Samaras ziveliswa yimithi kunye namatyholo akhetheke kakhulu, kwaye ahlala elinywa njengezityalo zokuhombisa; enyanisweni, ezinye zezo ntlobo zisetyenzisiwe njengebhonsai. Kodwa, Zintoni kanye kanye kwaye zityalwa njani?

Yintoni iiSamaras?

I-Samaras kwi-botany zii-indehiscent nuts, oko kukuthi, azivuli nganto. Zenziwe yimbewu enamaphiko acaba caba enziwe ngezicwili ezinemicu. Imbewu ingaphezulu okanye incinci irhangqiwe, incinci kakhulu - ubungakanani buyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo, kodwa ukukunika umbono, ayiqheleki ukulinganisa ngaphezulu kwe-0,5cm ubukhulu. Umbala ukwahluka: kwakamsinya nje ukuba uhlume, zihlala ziluhlaza okanye zilubhelu-luhlaza, kodwa njengoko zikhula ziba bomvu, zipinki, okanye bomvu-bumdaka, kwaye ekugqibeleni zimdaka.

Esi sakhiwo uthanda umoya ukubasusa kude kubazali babo kwiimitha okanye iikhilomitha ezininzi kude, yiyo loo nto ukwenza ukuba iintlobo zekoloniyali ziye kwezinye iindawo apho ingekafiki khona. Ngale ndlela, ukongeza, isizukulwana esitsha siya kuba nakho ukuqala ubomi ngaphandle kokukhuphisana kakhulu kwizondlo okanye kwindawo.

Iindidi zeesama

Kwelinye icala, kufuneka sazi ukuba kwisamara imbewu ingaphakathi embindini wephiko lesiqhamo, ngokomzekelo kwimeko yomlotha (Fraxinus) okanye i-elm (Ulmus), nokuba kukwicala elinye lesiqhamo kunye nephiko elisuka kwimbewu liye kwelinye, njengokuba kunjalo neemephu (Acer).

Nangona kusekho okuninzi: ngamanye amaxesha endaweni yesamara kunokuba yi-disámara, oko kukuthi, ii-samaras ezimbini zidityaniswe kwelinye icala njengeemaphu; okanye amagumbi amathathu ngokwemeko yohlobo I-Hiptage benghalensis.

Imizekelo yezityalo evelisa isamara

Sikhankanyile ezimbalwa, kodwa lixesha lokuba ubazi ngcono:

Iimaphu

Los iimaphu Zihlala ziyimithi enqabileyo okanye izihlahla ezizalelwe kwimimandla eshushu ye-hemisphere esemantla, ngakumbi i-Eurasia. Ukuphakama kwayo kuphakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-20 yeemitha, kuxhomekeke kwindidi kunye / okanye isilimo, kunye zibonakaliswa ngokuba namagqabi e-webbed ajika abebomvu, orenji okanye tyheli entwasahlobo kunye / okanye ukuwa.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi, kodwa ezona zilinywa kakhulu eSpain zezi: Acer palmatum, I-Acer pseudoplatanust Ii-Acer platanoides, phakathi kwezinye. Zonke zifuna imozulu epholileyo, kunye neqabaka zasebusika, ukunkcenkceshela okuphakathi kunye nomhlaba oneasidi encinci.

Imithi ye-Ash

Imithi ye-Ash ubukhulu becala yimithi enqabileyo, nangona kukho iintlobo zeethropiki ezihlala ziluhlaza. Singazifumana eMntla Melika, e-Eurasia naseMntla Afrika. Ukuphakama kwawo kuphakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-20 yeemitha, kwaye zinomboko othe tye onesithsaba samagqabi.

Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezityalo zegadi, ziphosa umthunzi omangalisayo. Ngexesha lekwindla ziba mthubi okanye zibe bomvu ngombala, nto leyo eyonyusa ixabiso lokuhombisa, njengoko kusenzeka njalo nge- IFraxinus ornus okanye Fraxinus ukugqwesa, zimbini zeentlobo ezithandwa kakhulu.

Ewe kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele Iingcambu zawo zifuna indawo enkulu. Akufanelekanga ukuba zityalwe kumgama ongaphantsi kweemitha ezilishumi ukusuka apho kukho imibhobho, kuba singabeka umngcipheko wokwenza umonakalo.

IOlmos

I-Elms yimithi enqabileyo okanye enesiqingatha-semithi ekhula kwiNtla yeNtlabathi. Zizityalo ezinesiqu ngokuthe tye ngokubanzi kunye nesithsaba esibanzi kakhulu, esirhangqiweyo esibonelela ngomthunzi omnandi kakhulu. Banokufikelela ubude beemitha ezingama-25, kodwa eyona ixhaphakileyo kukuba azidluli kwiimitha ezili-15.

Inkqubo yayo yeengcambu, efana neyemithi yomlotha, yomelele kakhulu. Le mithi kufuneka zityalwe kude kangangoko kwimibhobho, ubuncinci beemitha ezilishumi, kungenjalo kuya kubakho iingxaki.

Ngelishwa, kuyafuneka ukuba uthathe ingqalelo kwisini sesichengeni sesifo ekuthiwa yigraphiosis, Kubangelwa ngundo ICeratocystis ulmi. Ngenxa yoko, iintlobo ezininzi zisengozini yokuphela, kubandakanya Ulmus omncinci esinayo eSpain, okanye ulmus glabra.

Zihlwayelwa njani iisama?

I-Samaras ziveliswa zizityalo ezihlala kwindawo apho kukho iqabaka, ukuze ukuba sifuna zihlume kuya kufuneka sizityale ebusika. Kodwa phi? Ewe, ukuba amaqondo obushushu ehla ngezantsi kwe-0 degrees kwindawo yethu, sinokuwatyala ezimbizeni; Ngoku, ukuba oku akunjalo, kuya kufuneka sibahlule kwifriji kangangeenyanga ezi-2-3.

Masibone ukuba yenziwa njani:

Ukuhlwayela ezimbizeni

Amanyathelo ekufuneka siwalandele ukuhlwayela ii-samara ezimbizeni ngala alandelayo:

1. Into yokuqala iya kuba kukusika iphiko, kuba ukuba akunjalo xa ukubola kungatsala umngundo owonakalisayo ongonakalisa imbewu.
2. Emva koko, sigcwalisa imbiza ngomhlaba wezityalo ezineasidi ukuba yimithi yemaple (iyathengiswa apha), okanye nge-mulch (iyathengiswa apha) okanye umhlaba ongaphantsi (uyathengiswa apha) ukuba zi-elms okanye imithi yomlotha.
3. Emva koko, siyankcenkceshela kwaye sibeka imbewu enye okanye ezimbini kwimbiza nganye, sizibeka caba.
4. Ngoku, sitshiza ngobhedu oluyimpuphu ngaphezulu ukukhusela ukungunda.
5. Okokugqibela, sigqiba ukugcwalisa imbiza nge-substrate, kwaye ukuba sifuna ukunkcenkceshela kwakhona.

Ngexesha lentwasahlobo imbewu iya kuqala ukuhluma.

Ukuqiniswa kwifriji

Ukuba sihlala kwindawo apho ubushushu buyehla bungaphantsi kwe-0 degrees kodwa ubusika ngokubanzi bubumnene, ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu ajikeleza phakathi kwe-10-20ºC zihluze kwifriji Ukulandela la manyathelo:

1. Siza kugcwalisa i-tupperware yeplastikhi ebonakalayo ngesiciko esine-vermiculite ebifakwe ngaphambili.
2. Emva koko, siza kongeza ubhedu olungumgubo, ngokungathi sidibanisa ityuwa kwisaladi.
3. Emva koko, siya kuyibeka imbewu -ngaphandle kwephiko-, yahlulwe kancinci enye kwenye, kwaye yalala phantsi.
4. Emva koko siya kubagubungela nge-vermiculite.
5. Ukugqiba, siyayivala itupperware kwaye siyibeke efrijini, kwicandelo lobisi, imifuno, njl. (HAYI kwisikhenkcezisi).

Siza kuba nazo iinyanga ezi-2-3 (ukuba ziimephu, sicebisa ukuba bahlale iinyanga ezi-3, kodwa ukuba zi-elms okanye imithi yomlotha banokuba ziiveki ezisibhozo). Ngalo lonke elo xesha, kanye ngeveki sizakukhupha itupperware kwifriji siyivule ukuvuselela umoya, kunye namanzi ukuba sibona ukuba ivermiculite iyoma.

Xa kufika intwasahlobo, siza kuzityala kwiimbiza ezizodwa ukuze zikhule kwaye zikhule ngokwesiqhelo.

Ucinga ntoni ngalo mbandela? Siyathemba ukuba ufunde lukhulu ngamasama.