Kuzo zonke iintyatyambo zabasetyhini kunye nehermaphrodite. Ngamanye amaxesha iphakama ngokuqhayisa kwiipalali, ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ngathi ifuna ukufihla phakathi kwama-stamens. Umbala wayo uhluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesityalo, nangona kunjalo, ubume bayo obusisiseko abuguquki. I-pistil yenye (enye, ingakumbi) yobugcisa bendalo, apho uqhubeke khona.
Njenge-ovary yabantu ababhinqileyo bosapho oluhle lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo, ipistil ngumntwana ekumele ukuba uthethe ngaloo mbewu ukuba, ukuba konke kuhamba kakuhle, ziya kuhluma de zibe yimithi, iintende, icacti,… ngamafutshane, izityalo ezihombisa iplanethi.
Yintoni ipistil?
I-pistil, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngoku ngokuba yi-gynoecium, lelona candelo libalulekileyo lentyatyambo yabasetyhini o hermaphrodite. Kusembindini wayo, kwaye kulapho ukukhula kwesizukulwana esitsha kungaqala khona.. Yenziwe ngeseti yee-carpels (amagqabi aguquliweyo) anamalungu alandelayo:
- I-Ovari: yile iqulethe ii-ovules eziza kuchunyiswa.
- Uhlobo: lulwandiso lwe-ovary, oludibanisa nehlazo. Ayinawo amaqanda.
- Ibala: yinxalenye yeentyatyambo efumana umungu kunye neeseli okanye iigetet zamadoda.
Nangona ekuqaleni sinokucinga ngenye indlela, kunokubakho ipistile enye okanye ezimbini. Kwiintyatyambo ze-hermaphroditic azisoloko zibonakala kakuhle, kuba zinokudideka kunye ne-stamens. Oku kunjalo kuba abaxhomekekanga kuye nabani na ukuze amaqanda abo achunyiswe, kuba baxhomekeke kwiziqu zabo kwaye kwiimeko ezithile kwizinto ezinje ngumoya, ngenxa yoko akukho mfuneko yokuba batsale izinambuzane okanye izilwanyana.
Kwabafazi, ngokubanzi, zezona ndawo zibalasele kakhulu, kuba kufuneka zibonwe zii-pollinator ngokukhawuleza.
Uyintoni umsebenzi wepistil yentyatyambo?
Umsebenzi ophambili kukuvelisa iiseli zesini okanye iigetet eziza kuvelisa iziqhamo zezityalo.. Kodwa enyanisweni, ayicaci njengokuvakala kwayo, ngakumbi kwiintyatyambo zamabhinqa. Kwaye kunjalo, nangona kuthi umhlaba ogcwele iintyatyambo zemibala eyahlukileyo sisizathu sovuyo, kwizityalo kwa loo mhlaba ukwimeko apho umlo wokutsala isinambuzane esingcolisayo usenokuba nobundlobongela.
Kule ndawo yedabi izixhobo ezinezityalo zinemibala, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, zinuka. Imibala ekhanyayo kunye namavumba amnandi aya kutsala izinambuzane ezibalulekileyo emhlabeni: iinyosi. Kodwa ubonelelo lunokudlula kwimfuno; Okanye ubeke ngenye indlela, kunokubakho iintyatyambo ezininzi kuneenyosi. Kulapho ke iqala khona 'imfazwe yeentyatyambo,' kwaye xa kuvela indaleko.
Ukuba isityalo sivelisa iintyatyambo kwiimeko ezininzi, asizukutshintsha. Kodwa abahluphekileyo baya kuguqula isicwangciso sabo, okanye baya kugqiba bafe. Ukhetho lwendalo. Ezona zityalo zomeleleyo aziphili, kodwa ezo zikwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa notshintsho olwenzeka kwihlabathi liphela ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Kwaye le yinto ekufuneka icace gca ngayo, kuba ukuba sifuna njalo Khathalela okusingqongileyo, eyona nto sinokuyenza kukukhulisa izityalo zendalo (okanye ubuncinci sizidibanise nezinye kwigadi okanye ipatio), kuba ngaloo ndlela sinceda nezilwanyana zommandla wethu ukuba zisinde.
Kuya kufuneka uyicinge lonto izityalo kunye nezinambuzane zihlala zihamba kunye. Abo baneentyatyambo ze-hermaphroditic kwaye ke banako ukuvelisa iziqhamo zabo nembewu, abaxhomekekanga kakhulu kwizilwanyana, kodwa ezo zineentyatyambo zabasetyhini kuphela kufuneka zibenethuba lokudala isizukulwana esitsha, nto leyo indizisa umbuzo olandelayo:
Xa ivuthwa i-pistil, yintoni eyenziwayo?
Nje ukuba ingqolowa encinci yomungu ifikelele kwibala lentyatyambo, ukusuka kwi-ovule ityhubhu encinci iya kukhula eya kuthi ifikelele esiphelweni se-pistil. Ukusuka apho, i-zygote iyakwenziwa, eya kuba siseli yokuqala yesityalo eqala ukukhula.
Ngokukhawuleza okanye kancinci, Iseli iya kwahlulahlulwa ngakumbi nangakumbi ide ibe yiyo eya kuba yimbewu. Njengoko ikhula, ne-pistil iya kukhula: i-ovary iya kutyeba, ngelixa ityisa kwaye ikhusela imbewu. Xa sele silungile, isiqhamo sinokuqhawulwa kwisityalo kwaye ngaloo ndlela siqale ugqatso lokusinda kwaso.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani phakathi kokuchumisa kweentyatyambo kude kufike isiqhamo?
Lo ngumbuzo onomdla kakhulu, kodwa awuna mpendulo inye, kuba zininzi iintlobo zezityalo. Kodwa ukukunika umbono, kufuneka uyazi ukuba:
- Izityalo zonyaka: ngabo bahlala unyaka (okanye into engaphantsi). Ngelo xesha, ziyantshula, ziyakhula, zichume, zivelise iziqhamo, zize ekugqibeleni zife. Bashiya imbewu yabo ilungile kwiveki okanye ezimbini ngesiqhelo, ngamanye amaxesha nangaphantsi. Olunye ulwazi
- Izityalo ezibini: ngabo bahlala iminyaka emibini okanye njalo. Ngexesha langaphambili ziyakhula kwaye zikhule, ngelixa intyatyambo yokugqibela kunye, emva kokuthwala isiqhamo, ziyafa. Imbewu yayo ivuthwa kwiiveki ezimbalwa nayo.
- Ukuhlala ixesha elide:
- Imithi, izihlahla kunye nemithi yesundu: iya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwindidi. Ezinye zithatha iiveki ezimbalwa, kodwa ezinye zingathatha iinyanga (njengemithi yeziqhamo) kwaye nonyaka (njengoko kunjalo nakwezinye ezininzi amakhonkco, umzekelo).
- I-bulbous kunye ne-rhizomatous: zihlala zithatha ixesha elingaphantsi kwenyanga.
- I-Herbaceous: Izityalo ezingapheliyo zingathatha naphina ukusuka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
Kwaye ukuba ubusafuna okungakumbi, nantsi ividiyo echaza ukuba yenzeka njani inkqubo yokuvuthwa kwepistil: