I-Xylosandrus compactus, ibhungane elidala umthi

Ukuba izityalo zethu bezingonelanga zizitshabalalisi sendawo nganye, kunye nezonakalisayo ezifana noboya obomvu okanye iArchon, ngoku kufuneka bajongane nomnye: Xylosandrus compactus. Igama lesayensi mhlawumbi alikhalanga intsimbi, kodwa lelo linikwe ibhungane elinokuba yingozi kwiintlobo ezingama-225 ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya imithi kunye nezihlahla.

Ukujonga ukuba kuyingozi kangakanani, Siza kukuxelela ngale bhungane ukuze uyiqonde, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo othintelo eziyimfuneko ukuze kuthintelwe ukubangela iingxaki ezininzi kwizityalo zakho.

Yintoni imvelaphi kunye neempawu zendlela Xylosandrus compactus?

Yinambuzane inzalelwane yeTropiki eAfrika, eMadagascar, nakumazantsi mpuma eAsia. Okwangoku ikwafumaneka eMelika, apho yaziswa ngo-1941, eBrazil, eCuba naseHawaii, naseMallorca (eSpain) apho yafika khona ngoNovemba 2019 nangona yayisele isaziwa kwiBhanki yaseFrance, ukusukela ubuncinci ngo-2012. Iyaziwa njenge-black borer emnyama, i-borer yesebe elimnyama, i-stem stem okanye i-black twig borer.

Ngokubhekisele kwiimpawu zayo, sithetha ngesinambuzane esincinci esimnyama okanye esimnyama. Umntu obhinqileyo omdala une-2mm kuphela ubude, kwaye malunga ne-1mm ububanzi. Intloko i-convex imilo, kwaye ineempondo ezenziwe ngamacandelo aliqela. Iprototum yayo, Oko kukuthi, icandelo lokuqala lesifuba, linomda wangaphambili onemigca emithandathu okanye esibhozo. Ukongeza, inamaphiko abizwa ngokuba yi-elytra.

Kwelinye icala, indoda endala incinci, i-pronotum yayo ayicocwanga kwaye ayinamaphiko nayo.

Amaqanda amalunga ne-0,5mm ubude, kwaye ane-ovoid, emhlophe ngombala. Imibungu ivela kubo, imhlophe bukhrim kunye nentloko emdaka kwaye akukho milenze. Iipapu zinebala elimdaka, kwaye banemilenze abayisebenzisayo ukuhamba.

Uthini umjikelo wayo webhayoloji?

Ukwazi umjikelo webhayoloji wentlobo yezinambuzane ezinje, engenayo kunye namandla okubeka izityalo ezininzi emngciphekweni, kujika ibaluleke kakhulu, kuba impumelelo okanye ukusilela konyango kuya kuxhomekeka kuyo:

• Amaqanda: zibekwe kumasebe angaphambi kokugqojozwa.
• Izibungu: Nje ukuba aqanduselwe eqandeni, aqala ukondla.
• IiphungaIinkunzi ziveliswa kumaqanda angenazintsholongwane kwaye zimbalwa, kodwa ekugqibeleni ziyadibana noodade bazo. Abasayi kuze baphume kuloo mijelo.
• Abadala: ibhungane elikhulileyo lasetyhini lishiya itonela lize libhabhe lisiya komnye umthi wokubamba ... Ezi microorganisms zilungisa i xylem yesityalo esizokubanjelwa, kwaye siyakudliwa ngooqongqothwane kunye nemibungu. Kodwa bafika njani apho? Kwimo yesipore eqhutywa ngubhungane ongumfazi.

Ixesha lokuphila kwesi sinambuzane limalunga neentsuku ezingama-30 ngokomyinge. Imazi inokufikelela kwiintsuku ezingama-40, kwaye inkunzi ijikeleze iintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-10.

Zeziphi izityalo ezenzayo Xylosandrus compactus?

Ku yaziwa ukuba ichaphazela malunga ne-225 yeentlobo zezityalo, isasazwe kwiintsapho ezingama-62 zezityalo. Umzekelo, ibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwifayile ye- Coffea arabica (coffee, UCamellia (iti), IPersea americana (aguacate) kunye Ukhokho weTheobroma (ukhokho), kodwa iyachaphazela erythrina, UMelia azedarach, Acer palmatum, khaya grandifolia y Khaya senegalensis, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi.

Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ezo zityalo EZINGAkhuphanga isixa esikhulu sencindi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziphantsi koxinzelelo olungakanani na, zinomngcipheko omncinci wokuba ngabamkeli bebhungane elibolisa imithi.

Wenza wuphi umonakalo?

El Xylosandrus compactus Sisinambuzane esimba iigalari, ngakumbi kumasebe amancinci emithi, apho sigcina khona isikhunta esidibana naso kwaye siyasilima ukuze sisebenze njengokutya kokubini kunye nemibungu.

Isityalo esichaphazelekayo ke ngoko siya kuba nezi mpawu:

• Ukufa nokuwa kwamasebe
• Amagqabi ansundu
• Ukukhupha isisu
• Ukubanjwa kokukhula

Ulawulo lwe Xylosandrus compactus?

Xa iimpawu zokuqala zibhaqiwe, inyathelo elithathiweyo kukunyanga isityalo esichaphazelekayo nge-endotherapy (Oko kukuthi, ukutofa imveliso ye-phytosanitary kunye / okanye into yesondlo ngqo kwithambo le-vascular), kodwa ukuba unenani elikhulu lezityalo ezosulelekileyo kwigreenhouse umzekelo okanye kwindawo evaliweyo, kwaye zimbi kakhulu, siyaqhubeka sizitshisa.

Según un estudio, el hongo Beauveria bassiana Isenokuba sisixhobo esilungileyo esingenabungozi kule nambuzane. Kodwa nangayiphi na imeko, Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unomthi onale ngxaki kukwazisa iMpilo yeZityalo kwingingqi yakho.

Ufike nini eSpeyin?

Uqongqothwane odikayo wesebe wafika eSpain ngoNovemba 2019. Kwafunyanwa kwifayile ye- umthi wecarob (ICeratonia siliqua) Ohlala kwigadi yabucala yommelwane eCalvià (Mallorca). Oochwephesha abavela kwiLebhu yeLebhu yeZityalo zeBalearic yeZityalo (i-LOSVIB) kunye neDyunivesithi yaseBalearic Islands (i-UIB) baxele oku kufunyenwe kwiCandelo loMlawuli Jikelele weZityalo kunye neMpilo yeHlathi kunye nococeko loMphathiswa Wezolimo, ezokuLoba kunye nokutya.

Iingcali ze-LOSVIB zibeka unyango lwe-endotherapy kumthi we-carob, kwaye zilandela rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintandathu.

Siyathemba ukuba iluncedo kuwe.