Kuzo zombini iingcaphephe kakhulu kunye neyona novice kwigadi, iSwiss chard sisityalo esikhulu sokukhula. Ingaba embizeni, kwigadi yasezidolophini, kwi-terraces okanye emhlabeni, ezi zityalo zilula kakhulu ukuzigcina. Logama nje silazi ixesha lokuzityala nendlela yokuzinyamekela, phantse yonke into sele yenziwe. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ayiqhelekanga kakhulu ukuba le mifuno ihlaselwe yi-pathologies, kufuneka siqaphele ukuba banokuyifumana. Yingakho siza kuthetha kweli nqaku malunga nezifo ze-chard.
Ukuba ucinga ukukhulisa le mifuno, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda. Asiyi kudwelisa kuphela ezona zifo zixhaphakileyo ze-chard, kodwa siya kuchaza kwakhona indlela yokuzikhusela kwaye ngawaphi amayeza asekhaya esinokuphuhlisa ukulwa nawo.
Ziziphi izifo anazo uChard?
Njengoko besitshilo ekuqaleni, ayiqhelekanga kakhulu chard isifo, ubuncinane xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izityalo, ezifana iitumato. Nangona kunjalo, akukhe kube buhlungu ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela, zombini izinambuzane kunye nefungi kunye neentsholongwane. Indlela elungileyo yokwenza oku kukubonelela ngezibonelelo ezongezelelweyo kwizityalo.
Phakathi kwezona ndlela zisebenzayo nezibalulekileyo yi umanyano lwezityalo. Ukusebenzisa obu buchule sinokuqinisekisa ukuba imifuno iyazuza omnye komnye, ibonelela ngezinto ezithile eziyimfuneko. Kwimeko yeSwiss chard, zityebisa umhlaba ngenitrogen. Ngoko ke, okufanelekileyo kuya kuba kukudibanisa nezinye izityalo ezibonelela nge-phosphorus. Oku kudla ngokuba zizityalo zeziqhamo kunye neentyatyambo. Ukongezelela, banokudibaniswa nemifuno enika i-potassium, njengemifuno yeengcambu kunye neebhubhu.
Ngoko ke luluvo oluhle kakhulu ukutyala i chard kunye neminqathe, iipepile, iiradishi kunye neetumato. Ezi ziya kuzuza kwi-nitrogen enikezelwa yi-chard, ngelixa i-chard iya kuzuza kwizondlo ezongezelelweyo. Kwakhona, ukuba silima itswele kunye/okanye izityalo ezinevumba elimnandi, siya kukwazi ukugxotha izitshabalalisi ezahlukeneyo loo nto ayinakuchaphazela i-chard kuphela, kodwa zonke izityalo esinazo. Kodwa qaphela, akukhuthazwa ukuba utyale le mifuno ecaleni kwe-asparagus okanye i-leeks.
Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ngomanyano lwezityalo, izityalo zomelezwa ngenxa yezondlo ezahlukeneyo ezizifumanayo, azikhuselekanga ngokupheleleyo. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izifo ze-chard eziqhelekileyo esinokuzifumana, apho siza kugxininisa ezimbini:
- I-Cercospora
- ISclerotinia
- Beet yellowing
- peronospora
- beet mosaic
- Cucumber Virus I
- Intsholongwane
irhashalala
Phakathi kwezifo ze-chard kuthiwa yi-chard pox. Le phytopathology ibangela amabala afikelela kwimilimitha ezintlanu emagqabini kwaye inokugqibela ngokubola. Sisifo sokungunda esibangelwa I-Cercospora beticola, ngoko ke inokunyangwa ngamayeza okubulala umngundo, ngokukhethekileyo yendalo. Ukongeza, kufuneka sikuphephe ukuphinda kutyalwe i-chard kuloo mhlaba iminyaka emibini ubuncinci ukuqinisekisa ukuba umngundo uyanyamalala.
Ngumbungu
Ukungunda ayisosifo esinjalo, kodwa liqela lezifo ezithi kunye zenze i-pseudofungi endoparasitic. Kungcono ukuzama ukukhusela ukuba kungabonakali, kuba kuyingozi kakhulu hayi kuphela i-chard, kodwa izityalo ezininzi ngakumbi. Ezi zezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zokungunda:
- Ukungunda okungwevu okanye umgubo kwizikhondo, iziqhamo, kunye namagqabi
- Amabala atyheli ajika abemdaka emagqabini
- Iziqhamo ezibolileyo, iingcambu kunye neengcambu
- ukukhula okucothayo
- Imveliso encinci yezityalo
Ukuthintela esi sifo, kunye nayo nayiphi na enye into ebangelwa ngumngundo, Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula imingcipheko. Iifungus zikhula kwiindawo ezifumileyo nezifudumeleyo, yiyo loo nto kufuneka sinkcenkceshele kuphela xa kuyimfuneko. Kwakhona ukusetyenziswa kwe-substrates kunye ne-drainage efanelekileyo kuya kuba luncedo olukhulu. Ukongezelela, xa kunokwenzeka kufuneka sigweme ukunkcenkceshela izityalo ukusuka phezulu okanye ukubeka izitya phantsi kwebhodwe, ngaphandle kokuba sikhumbule ukususa amanzi angaphezulu.
Kwimeko apho izityalo zethu sele zichatshazelwe kukungunda, singasebenzisa imichiza yendalo yokungunda, nokuba senziwe ekhaya okanye sithengiwe. Ukusetyenziswa kobhedu kunye nesalfure kuyasebenza kakhulu ekulweni nesi sifo. Ukuba la mayeza endalo awasebenzi kuthi, sinokukhetha imichiza yokungunda, nangona ingakhuthazwa.
Unyango lwasekhaya lwezifo ze-chard
Ngoku siyazi ukuba ziyintoni na izifo ze-chard, makhe sibone ukuba zinyangwa njani ngeyona ndlela yendalo nexabiso eliphantsi. Ukulwa ne-fungus, sinokwenza imichiza yokungunda yasekhaya edla ngokusebenza kakhulu. Kule nto sinokukhetha oku:
- Isibulali-sikhundi esenziwe ekhaya ngegalikhi: Idla ngokusetyenziswa kakhulu njengendlela yokuthintela kunokuba njengeyeza, kodwa inokuba luncedo olukhulu xa sikrokrela isifo sokungunda. Kukugalela okwenziwa ngentloko yegalikhi kwilitha nganye yamanzi. Kufuneka siwumise lo mxube malunga neyure. Xa sele ipholile, sazisa le fungicide isandula ukwenziwa kwisitshizi kwaye siyigalele phezu kwemifuno echaphazelekayo okanye ezo sifuna ukuzikhusela.
- Ukufakwa kweTansy: Le infusion isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukulwa isibetho Intwala, kodwa iyasebenza nakwisifo sokungunda. Yenziwe ngeentyatyambo zalo mifuno. Ukuyilungiselela kufuneka sibilise amashumi amathathu eegram zeentyantyambo zetansy kwilitha nganye yamanzi.
- Isibulali ntsholongwane esenziwe ekhaya ngobisi: Ngaphandle kokulwa nokungunda, isibulali-zinambuzane esenziwe ekhaya ngobisi sikwabonelela ngezondlo kwizityalo, ezifana nephosphate, potassium kunye ne-lactic acid. Ukuyilungiselela kufuneka sixube iinxalenye ezisibhozo zamanzi emvula (ukuba sithatha kwimpompo, kungcono ukuba sivumele ukuba siphumle ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezimbini) kunye neengxenye ezimbini zobisi oluncitshisiweyo. Kulo mxube kuya kufuneka songeze amashumi amabini eegram zesoda yokubhaka kwilitha nganye esiyenzileyo. Eyona nto icetyiswayo kukufaka le michiza eyenziwe ekhaya ngesitshizi rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezimbini, ukuba kunokwenzeka ekutshoneni kwelanga.
Ngalo lonke olu lwazi malunga nezifo ze-chard kunye nala maqhinga amancinci okulungiselela amayeza asekhaya, sele ulungele ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba isityalo sakho sichatshazelwa yi-fungi.