Ubomi bezityalo njengoko sisazi ukuba buvela elwandle, ke ayothusi into yokuba kukho izityalo elwandle. Iindidi ezichongiweyo azizininzi njengalezo zikumhlaba, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo zinokuba ntle kakhulu. Ukongeza, uninzi lwazo lusebenza njengendawo yokusabela kwezinye izilwanyana, ngakumbi ngexesha lobutsha babo.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ezinye zazo kunye neempawu zazo eziphambili, emva koko siza kuzizisa kuwe. Ngubani owaziyo, unokukwazi ukufumanisa enye ngexesha elizayo xa usiya elwandle okanye ungene.
Zithini izityalo zolwandle?
Izityalo zasemanzini, njengoko igama labo libonisa, ngabo bahlala elwandle, kokubini kunxweme nakwindawo ezinzulu. Kukho ezinye ezincinci kakhulu, ziisentimitha nje ezimbalwa, kodwa zikhona ezinye ezifikelela kwiimitha ezininzi ukuphakama, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba zenze amahlathi. Ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi, kufuneka wazi ukuba baqala ngendaleko yabo malunga neminyaka engama-400 yezigidi eyadlulayo, xa uMhlaba wawukho kuphela amanzi, afika apha, ngokweyona nkolelo yamkelekileyo, ngaphakathi kwii-asteroid ezazichaphazela uMhlaba.
Uvelaphi?
Zonke izityalo zaselwandle esizaziyo zivela kwi-algae eluhlaza. Ezi zinto zinamandla okwenza ifotosinthesisi, kwaye zinokungatshatanga okanye zininzi, kodwa azinazingcambu, iziqu okanye amagqabi afana nezityalo. Kodwa kuba banechlorophyll, bathatha ikharbon diokside kunye nelanga, kwaye bayiguqula ibe kukutya. Ngenxa yale nkqubo, bakhupha ioksijini, enkosi apho kungasinda khona izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zolwandle.
Iindidi zezityalo zaselwandle
Siyazazi ezinye iinkcukacha zokuvela kwezityalo zaselwandle, kodwa… ngoobani amagama azo? Nazi ezinye:
Ama-Avicennia amaJamani
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Ianaré Sevi
La Ama-Avicennia amaJamani Ngumthi okanye ngamanye amaxesha isihlahlana, esaziwa njenge mangrove emhlophe, umthi omnyama omnyama okanye umthi omnyama omnyama. Ikhula endle kunxweme olushushu lweAtlantic kunye nePasifiki. Unokufikelela kubude beemitha ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-10, kwaye amagqabi ayo aphakathi kweesentimitha ezi-6 ne-10 ubude ukuya kwii-3 cm ububanzi. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence kwaye zilinganise malunga ne-2-4 yeemilimitha. Iziqhamo ziyi-ovate, malunga neesentimitha ezi-2 ubude, kwaye ziqulathe imbewu ehluma phambi kokuba iqokobhe livuleke.
ICymodocea nodosa
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Tigerente
La ICymodocea nodosa Yeyona imifuno yaziwa ngegama seba, ehlala kwimimandla ye-intertidal yoLwandle lweMeditera kunye neAtlantic. Ikhula ukufikelela kwiisentimitha ezingama-60 ukuphakama. Amagqabi alo made kwaye ebhityile, aluhlaza ngombala. Iintyatyambo ziphela zodwa, kwaye azilunganga. Isiqhamo siyidrupe eneembambo ezi-3 ngasemva, tyheli okanye mdaka xa ivuthiwe. Imbewu incinci, malunga ne-8 yeemilimitha.
IHalodule Wrightii
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Hans Hillewaert
La IHalodule wightii Sisityalo saseliz rhizomatous esihlala kulwandle olushushu lwehlabathi. Amagqabi atyheliwe, aluhlaza, kwaye zimalunga neesentimitha ezingama-20 ubude. Iziqhamo zayo ziyi-ovate, kwaye zimalunga neemilimitha ezi-2 ububanzi.
I-Posidonia oceanica
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / albert kok
La I-Posidonia oceanica, ebizwa nje ngokuba yiposidonia, sisityalo esikwiMeditera. Amagqabi ayo atyabukile, anombala oluhlaza, anobungakanani obufikelela kwimitha enye ubude., kwaye ithande ukwenza ii-clumps. Iyadubula ngexesha lokuwa, kwaye entwasahlobo ivelisa iziqhamo. Ezi ziqhamo zidada ngaphezulu, kwaye ziyaziwa njengeminquma yolwandle.
I-Spartina alterniflora
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Vperezcuadra
La I-Spartina alterniflora, eyaziwa ngokuba ngunonkala okanye iborraza espartillo, yingca eyinzalelwane yaseMelika, apho ikhula khona kumachweba anetyiwa. Ingca ehlala iminyaka eliqela, kodwa inokuphulukana namagqabi ngaxa lithile (ekwindla-ebusika), ngoko ke iyavuma. Ikhula phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-1,5 yeemitha ubude, kunye nesiqu esigudileyo kunye nesikrozo apho amagqabi aphantse alungelelane ahlume khona amasentimitha angama-20 ukuya kwangama-60 ubude ngeemilimitha ezili-15 ububanzi kwisiseko sawo. Iintyatyambo zayo ziluhlaza-tyheli ngombala, kwaye ziyavela ebusika.
UZostera marina
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Totti
La UZostera marina Yimifuno ehlala kumachweba, iibhedi zolwandle kunye nemigxobhozo phakathi kwe-36º kunye ne-60º. Inokufikelela kubude obufikelela kwiisentimitha eziyi-150, kunye namagqabi aluhlaza. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe kwii-inflorescence, kwaye iziqhamo zi-achenes ezine-ellipsoid okanye imilo ye-ovoid.
Zibizwa ntoni izityalo zaselwandle?
Sizibonile ezinye izityalo zaselwandle ezihlala elwandle, kodwa… zintoni ezo zihlala entlabathini? Ngaba ungathanda ukwazi? Ewe ezi ziyaqwalaselwa halophilic, kwaye amanye amagama awo ngu:
UAlyssum loiseleurii
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Ghislain118 (AD)
El UAlyssum loiseleurii (ngaphambili IAlyssum arenariumImifuno engapheliyo yemveli kumazantsi-ntshona eFrance nakwintshona yeSpain. Ikhula ukuya kwiisentimitha ezingama-20 ubude, kwaye umbala wayo uluhlaza. Sisityalo esinamasebe asisiseko, kwaye amagqabi aso agqunywe ziinwele. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe ngokwamaqela kwaye zimthubi.
I-Armeria pungens
Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Luis Miguel Bugallo Sánchez
La I-Armeria pungens sisityalo esincinci ukuba ifom clumps ezimalunga nama-40-80 iisentimitha ukuphakama. Amagqabi ayo afana ne-lanceolate kwaye alinganisa malunga neesentimitha ezili-14 ubude ngeemilimitha ezi-6 ububanzi. Iintyatyambo izahluko ezinemibala ebomvu, ziyabonisa.
I-Asparagus macrorrhizus (ifumaneka ngesiNgesi kuphela)
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Nanosanchez
El I-Asparagus macrorrhizus (ifumaneka ngesiNgesi kuphela), ngaphambili I-Asparagus maritimus (ifumaneka ngesiNgesi kuphela)Sisityalo esingapheliyo esikwiMar Menor, eMurcia (eSpain). Ikhula ukuya kwi-30 yeesentimitha ubuninzi, ngeziqu zawo apho kuhluma amagqabi aluhlaza. Kusengozini enkulu.
ICrithmum maritimum
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Alex Patak
El ICrithmum maritimum, eyaziwa njenge fennel yolwandle okanye iparsley yaselwandle, sisityalo esingapheliyo esizalelwa eYurophu. Ifikelela kubude obumalunga neesentimitha ezingama-20-30, kunye neziqu ezinamasebe apho kuhluma khona amagqabi aluhlaza. Iintyatyambo zihluma kwii-umbels, kwaye zimthubi.
I-Eryngium maritimum
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Svdmolen
El I-Eryngium maritimum Yimifuno esiyazi ngegama le-thistle yolwandle okanye i-sea thistle. Ihlala kunxweme lwaseYurophu, ifikelela kubude beesentimitha ezingama-50. Sisityalo esinameva, esinamagqabi aluhlaza okanye isilivere, kunye neentyatyambo ezintle ze-lilac.
UPinus halepensis
El UPinus halepensis, okanye iAleppo pine, yenye yezimbalwa Imithi yepine ngubani onokuhlala elwandle, kunye naye IPinus pinea. Kwiziqithi zeBalearic (eSpain), umzekelo, ikhula phantse elwandle. Inzalelwane kummandla weMeditera, kwaye ifikelela kubude beemitha ezi-25, ngomboko ongqwabalala kodwa womelele. Amagqabi ayo ziinaliti eziluhlaza ezimalunga neesentimitha ezili-10 ubude, kwaye ii-cones zincinci.
Ngaba uyazi ezinye izityalo zaselwandle kunye / okanye ezihlala elunxwemeni?