Umfanekiso - Interempresas.net
Kukho inani leenambuzane nezifo ezihlasela izityalo, kodwa bambalwa baye baziwa ngexesha elifutshane njenge Xyella fastidiosa. Le bhaktiriya, ivela eCalifornia, ichaphazela iintlobo ezininzi ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho, ezinje ngomnquma okanye umthi weamangile, ukuze amafama amaninzi enze konke okusemandleni ukukhusela izityalo zawo.
En Jardinería On kwaye ukuze uvale i-alamu edaliwe, siya kuchaza yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga nale bhaktheriya.
Yintoni na?
Yeminquma, enye yeentlobo ezichaphazelekayo.
La Xyella fastidiosa yibacteria yodidi lweproteobacteria eyinzalelwane yomantla California. Ngo-2013 yafunyanwa kwindawo yeminquma emazantsi e-Italiya, apho kwiminyaka nje emibini kamva yayiza kuthi ichaphazele izigidi zemithi yomnquma. Kodwa ayiphelelanga apho, kodwa ekupheleni kuka-2 yabonwa eSpain, ngakumbi kwii-Balearic Islands, apho iingcali zebhayoloji zigxeka khona ukungabikho kolawulo ekungeniseni nasekuthumeleni imifuno.
Ekupheleni kukaJuni 2017, yafunyanwa okokuqala kwi-Iberia Peninsula, eGuadalest (Alicante). Kwaye ngo-Epreli 2018 ityala lokuqala lafunyanwa eMadrid, ngakumbi eVillarejo.
Okomzuzwana akukho lunyango lufunyenweyo.
Isasazeka njani?
Le microorganism Idluliselwa kwizityalo zezilwanyana ezitya incindi yesityalo, njengee-cercópidos (zijongeka njengeeicicadas ezincinci) ngakumbi entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, kulapho amaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwama-26 nama-28ºC ubuninzi. Nje ukuba i-vector ilume isityalo esosulelekileyo, intsholongwane iya kuhlala kwizakhiwo zokondla izinambuzane, eziya kuthi ziyidlulisele kwisityalo esilandelayo esilumayo.
Zithini iimpawu?
Iimpawu ziyahluka ukusuka kwiindidi ukuya kwiintlobo, kodwa Ngokwesiqhelo kufuneka ukhathazeke xa sibona:
- Ukubuna kwamagqabi
- Isityalo sikhangeleka ngathi sidakumbile, silusizi
- Ukuqwayita kwamagqabi namasebe
- IChlorosis
- Ukuhamba ngamagqabi
Zichaphazela eziphi izityalo?
La X. iyacaphukisa Inezityalo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezahlukeneyo, nezityalo ezineenkuni ezizezona zichaphazelekayo, njenge aguacate, isitrasi, iamangile, ipesika, umdiliya, oleander, oki, Elm, imephu, okanye ulwelo.
Ngawaphi amanyathelo athathiweyo ukuthintela ukusasazeka?
Umfanekiso - Agropopular.com
Abanye abangathandi nto kumafama okanye kwezendalo. Kwelinye icala, ayisiyiyo kuphela izityalo ezichaphazelekayo kodwa kunye nezo zingumbungu webhaktiriya ngaphakathi komgama we-100 yeemitha ziyasuswa. Ukongeza, imigibe ye-chromatic ibekwe ngenjongo yokulawula kunye nokuphelisa izinambuzane ze-vector ngaphakathi kwe-500 yeemitha.
Kwelinye icala, isuka kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Wezendalo ye-Balearic Islands isigqibo sithathiwe sokuthintela ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kothotho lweentlobo zezityalo onokubonisana nazo apha (iphepha 3).
Zithini iimpendulo ezivela kumafama nakwingcali yezendalo?
Xa esi sinambuzane sisasazeka ngamanye amaxesha amafama kunye nabezendalo abahambelani, nto leyo iyindalo ngokupheleleyo. Abangaphambili ngokucacileyo baneshishini kwaye bafuna ukufumana imali kulo; Ingcali yendalo iyathemba ukuba indalo iya kukhathalelwa. Kodwa kwimeko yeXylella, Zombini zinenjongo efanayo: Ukuphelisa esi sifo ukuze zombini izityalo kunye nendalo zibuyiselwe, nokuba zincinci kancinci.
Ngoko ke, Ndicenga ukuba kwenziwe konke okusemandleni ukuphelisa le ngxaki, ebulala amakhulu amawaka emithi. Ngaphandle kokubuyela umva kakhulu, ngo-Matshi 2018 babonwa Ukuqhambuka kwe-Ebola ye-Ebola yomthi womnquma kwii-Balearic Islands; kwinyanga kamva yonke imithi yayigawuliwe.
Kwimeko yeMadrid, ayisiyiyo kuphela imithi echaphazelekayo eyathi yancothulwa, kodwa kunye naleyo ibime ngaphakathi kwe-100-mitha. Zonke ezi yilahleko kubo bonke abo bazikhulisayo nakwimo engqongileyo. Ke kungxamisekile ukufumana amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuphelisa isiphelo Xyella fastidiosa.
Yintoni onokuyenza ukunqanda ukusasaza?
Inyani yile yokuba abantu abanakwenza lukhulu, kuba ngabo abajongene noku-odola izityalo kwiindawo zokugcina ukutya ekufuneka bethobele umthetho kwaye balandele ngokungqongqo okubonisiweyo. Kodwa umzekelo, kwaye njengoko sele sibonile ngasentla, Kwiziqithi zeBalearic asivumelekanga ukuthumela izityalo ezithile, nokuba sikhethe ngokukodwa okanye akunjalo.
Ukongeza, kwimeko apho sikrokrela ukuba isityalo esithile sinokuba ne-Ebola kumnquma, kuya kuba kubalulekile ukuqhagamshelana nesebe lezempilo lezityalo elihambelana nendawo esihlala kuyo.
Ekugqibeleni, Kufuneka sithenge iisampulu ezisempilweni. Ukuba anamagqabi atyheli ngaphambi kwexesha lawo (umzekelo, ukuba ngumthi onqabileyo ophulukana namagqabi entwasahlobo), umboko ubonakala umbi, okanye unezitshabalalisi, asizukuwuthenga.
Kwimeko apho unamathandabuzo, ungathandabuzi ukubuza 🙂.