Sonke sizovuma ukuthi izimbali zinobuhle obukhethekile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu zithandwa kakhulu ngokuhlobisa amakhaya, izingadi, imigwaqo namapaki. Abanye singase sibathande kakhulu kunabanye, kodwa ukubaluleka kwabo kudlulela ngalé kobuhle. Sizolicacisa leli qiniso ngokukhuluma kulesi sihloko ngokubaluleka kwezimbali emvelweni.
Ukuze sikuqonde ngokugcwele, sizokuchaza futhi yiziphi ngempela izimbali, yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene ezikhona futhi yiziphi imisebenzi nokubaluleka kwazo emvelweni.
Ziyini izimbali emvelweni?
Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngokubaluleka kwezimbali emvelweni, kufanele siqale siqonde ukuthi ziyini. Ngokuyisisekelo iyisakhiwo inhloso yayo eyinhloko kuwukuzala kabusha kwezinhlobo zayo. Ngokuvamile banokubukeka okuhle kakhulu, okumibalabala nokumangazayo, okwenza imifino eqhakaza izakhi zokuhlobisa kakhulu. Imvelo ikwenze ngale ndlela ngamabomu, ngoba ukukhanga okukhulu kwezimbali akusikhangi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinambuzane eziningi nezinyoni ezisiza ekusakazeni impova nembewu yezimbali, ngaleyo ndlela kuthanda ukuzalanisa izitshalo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimbali zinezingxenye ezihlukene, kuye ngobulili ezingezabo (owesilisa, owesifazane noma i-hermaphrodite). Lezi zibaluleke kakhulu:
- Ama-Sepals: Amaqabunga umsebenzi wawo ukumboza nokuvikela imbali isencane kakhulu. Lapho iqhakaza, ama-sepals ahlala ngaphansi.
- Amacembe: Bangaba namajamo nemibala ehlukene. Umsebenzi wawo ukuheha abathwali bempova, njengezinyosi. Nokho, kukhona izimbali ezingenawo amacembe. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-apétala.
- I-Gynoecium noma i-pistil: Yingxenye yesifazane eyingxenye yembali. Igcina ama-ovules akhiqiza imbewu ngemuva kokuvundiswa. I-pistil imise okwebhodlela futhi yakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu. Elingenhla yinhlamba, lapho impova ingena khona. Ibhodlela kungaba yisitayela bese kulandela i-ovary, lapho kutholakala khona ama-ovules.
- I-Stamens: Ama-stamens ayingxenye yesilisa yembali. Ziyimicu esekela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-anther, okuyisitho esinomsebenzi wokukhiqiza nokugcina izinhlamvu zempova. Lezi zinduna ziyi-gamete yocansi yabesilisa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimbali ezikhona emvelweni?
Uma kuziwa ekuhlukaniseni izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimbali emvelweni, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izitshalo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: Ama-Angiosperms namaGymnosperms. Lezi zamuva zibonakala ngokuyinhloko ngokungakhiqizi izimbali. Imvamisa ngezakudala kakhulu kunezokuqala futhi zizalana kakhulu ngezinhlamvu. Isibonelo esihle salolu hlobo lwemifino kungaba amafern.
Kunalokho, izitshalo eziyingxenye ye-angiosperms baveza izimbali. Eqinisweni, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zazo: Phakathi kwezimbali ezihlukene ezingu-250 nezingu-400. Leli qembu elikhulu lezitshalo lingaphinda lihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane amabili:
- Izitshalo ze-Monocotyledonous: Njengoba igama layo libonisa, ane-cotyledon eyodwa kuphela, okuyiqabunga lokuqala elizalwa ngemva kokuhluma kwembewu. Kulolu hlobo lwemifino, amaqabunga anemithambo egijima ngokuhambisana nawo, ngaphandle kokuqala emthanjeni ofanayo ophakathi. Izimpande zezitshalo ze-monocotyledonous zinesakhiwo esifanayo, ngoba aziqali ukusuka empandeni eyinhloko futhi zikhule emiculweni eminingi ngayinye. Lezi kungaba ezinye izibonelo: Izimbali, ama-daffodils, ukuthutha kanye nama-orchid.
- Izitshalo ze-Dicot: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izitshalo ze-dicot zinama-cotyledons amabili. Amaqabunga alawa anomthambo ophakathi nendawo lapho amanye aqala khona ngendlela enamagatsha futhi amboze lonke iqabunga. Ukwakheka kwezimpande kufana kakhulu, njengoba ezincane ziqala kusukela kweyinhloko, ziphuma kuze kube yilapho zivala umhlabathi omningi. Phakathi kwezitshalo ze-dicotyledonous kukhona ama-daisies, ama-roses nama-begonias, phakathi kwabanye.
Kukhona futhi enye indlela yokuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimbali: Izimbali eziphelele nezimbali ezingaphelele. Eyokuqala ngama-hermaphrodites futhi inazo zonke izakhi eziyinhloko, njengama roses. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimbali ezingaphelele ziwubulili obubodwa, njengoba zingenazo zonke izakhi, kodwa kuphela ama-stamens noma ama-pistils. Ezinye izibonelo kungaba ubhekilanga namadaisies.
Zibaluleke kangakanani izimbali emvelweni?
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, izimbali ziyizakhiwo zokuzala zezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ukubaluleka kwayo mayelana nokuphindaphinda kwalolu hlobo lwezitshalo kubonakala. Noma kunjalo, ukusizakala kwayo kuqhubekela phambili, nakuba kungafanele kuthathwe kancane. Ngenxa yosizo lokuzala ezilunikezayo, izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ziyakwazi ukwanda futhi zingashabalali. Ngenxa yalokho, bangaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezithile thina nezilwane nezinye izinto eziphilayo esingazisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo, njengokudla.
Futhi ngakho futhi sifika ephuzwini elilandelayo lapho ukubaluleka kwezimbali emvelweni kugqama: Ukudla. Lezi zakhiwo zezitshalo zisebenza njengokudla kwezinhlobo eziningi nangezindlela ezahlukene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izilwane zizidla ziphelele, njengonogwaja. Kodwa kukhona nezidalwa eziphilayo ezidla umpe, njengama-hummingbirds, izimvemvane, izinyosi ngisho nezinhlobo ezithile zamalulwane, phakathi kwezinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siphinde sidla izimbali. Sekuya ngokuya kuba nemfashini ukupheka ngamacembe awo nokwenza ama-infusions.
Esinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu okufanele sikhulume ngaso ukusetshenziswa kwezimbali ngokwelapha. Njengoba cishe uyazi, eminye imithi yenziwa ngalezi zakhiwo zezitshalo. Nokho, azisizi nje kuphela ukwelapha izinkinga zempilo, kodwa nasezilwaneni. Abaningi babo bayakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimbali ngokuvumelana nemiphumela ezingaba nazo ezinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, badla eyodwa noma enye ngokwezidingo abanazo ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngokungangabazeki, izimbali ziyizici zokuhlobisa ngokwedlulele ezenza amehlo omuntu ajabule. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo, imisebenzi kanye nezakhiwo kubalulekile ezicini eziningi zempilo njengoba sizazi namuhla.