Gijimani

Lokho esikwaziyo njengo phuthuma Ziyiqoqo lezitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu esintwini, ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezisetshenziswayo, njengokwenza obhasikidi, noma uphahla.

Futhi zinhle kakhulu njengezitshalo zensimu noma ithalaNgoba yize kuyiqiniso ukuthi azivamisile ukukhiqiza izimbali ezibukisa kakhulu, iziqu zawo namaqabunga anokuphakama okuhle.

Umsuka nezimpawu zemihlanga

Umhlanga yizitshalo ezinama-rhizomatous esizithola ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesifudumele emhlabeni, ngaso sonke isikhathi eduze nemifula yamanzi noma ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Iziqu zazo zimile noma ziyenyuka, zicindezelwe, futhi imvamisa zinamaqabunga amancane, aluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence abizwa ngama-spikes, ezikhudlwana noma ezingaphansi ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-botanical kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezithile zazo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-monocots. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho kuhluma kuphela ihlumela elilodwa le-cotyledon, elibizwa nangokuthi iqabunga lasendulo, nokuthi liqala uhlelo lwempande olukha phezulu, olwakhiwa izimpande ezihluma zisuka endaweni efanayo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Okuvame kakhulu ukulandelayo:

UCyperus

ICyperus yizitshalo zomdabu ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba, yize lezo ezivela e-Afrika, e-Asia naseYurophu zenziwa ezentengiselwano ngokwengeziwe ngengadi yokuhlobisa eSpain. Zingafinyelela ubude obufinyelela kumamitha angama-5, kanti neziqu zawo ziyisiyingi noma zingunxantathu kuye ngohlobo lwazo. Ziqhakaza entwasahlobo.

Ngokuya ngohlobo, zinokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Isibonelo, i-papyrus yayisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sofaro ukwenza iphepha (i-papyrus) namantongomane amahlosi anezilimo eziyizigaxa ezidliwayo.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu esinazo I-Cyperus rotundus, ICyperus papyrus, I-Cyperus alternifolius, I-Cyperus esculentus, I-Cyperus longus, ICyperus capitatus y ICyperus eragrostis.

UJuncus

Ngakho-ke, zingumhlanga weqiniso. Zitholakala ikakhulu esigodini saseMedithera, kodwa naseMelika nase-Afrika. Zikhula ziye kubude obungamasentimitha angama-90, futhi zinamacembe avulekile, aqondile futhi aguquguqukayo. Ziqhakaza entwasahlobo-ehlobo.

Zinokusetshenziswa okuningana: zisetshenziswa kubhasikidi, ukwenza uphahla lwangaphakathi nanjengothango oluphansi ezingadini.

Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi UJuncus maritimus, the UJuncus effusus, the UJuncus inflexus, the UJuncus bufonius futhi i UJuncus articulatus.

Ama-Phragmites

Ama-Phragmites, aziwa njengemhlanga, angukuphila okune-rhizomatous nokwabiwa komhlaba wonke. Zikhula ziye ekuphakameni okungaba imitha elilodwa, ngeziqu okuvela kuzo amaqabunga amade. Izimbali zawo zihlelwe ngama-inflorescence ahluma entwasahlobo-ehlobo.

Zisetshenziswa ngendlela yendabuko yokwakha uphahla lwendlu.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziyinhloko esinazo Ama-Phragmites australis futhi kuya Ama-phragmites communis.

I-Scirpus

I-Scirpus, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cattails, yizitshalo zonyaka noma ezingapheli ezizalelwa emhlabeni. Bafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-90. Amaqabunga aphethe noma angenayo i-blade, aluhlaza okombala, futhi izimbali zivela entwasahlobo.

Zisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukuvikela kanye / noma ukulwa nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, futhi njengezitshalo zokwelapha.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu esinazo I-Scirpus holoschoenus, I-Scirpus maritimus futhi kuya I-Scirpus lacustris.

I-Sparganium

I-Asparagus ngamakhambi angapheli anesiqu se-rhizomatous esakha amaqabunga aluhlaza alula, acabalele futhi ahlangene. Zikhula ziye ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1-2, futhi zitholakala ezindaweni ezipholile kuya ezibandayo zenyakatho yezwe.

Zisetshenziswa njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa, nokuvikela ukuguguleka komhlaba.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko yilezi I-Sparganium erectum y Abakwa-Sparganium natans.

UTypha

UTypha, obizwa ngokuthi yi-cattails, ama-gladios, ama-cattails, ama-eneas noma ama-cattails, yizitshalo ezizalelwa ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esisempumalanga ye-hemisphere esenyakatho. Bafinyelela ubude obuphakathi kwemitha eli-1 nele-3, ngeziqu eziqinile lapho kuhluma khona amaqabunga amile, ayisicaba futhi ahlangene. Izimbali zihlelwe ngama-inflorescence amakhulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo.

Zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuguguleka komhlaba, kanye nezitshalo zokuhlobisa emachibini noma ezimbizeni.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo yilezi UTypha angustifolia, Izinhlobo ze-typha empire y UTypha latifolia.

Izintshisakalo zomhlanga

Njengoba sibonile, kunezitshalo eziningi ezaziwa ngokuthi i-rush. Iqiniso ngukuthi igama esilinika izidalwa zezitshalo lihle kakhulu, kepha uma ufuna ukubheka imininingwane ngohlobo oluthile, kungcono kakhulu ukwazi igama lesayensi, ngoba lokhu, ngokungafani nokujwayelekile, kuyinto yonke, ngakho-ke isebenza ngokusemthethweni eSpain kunase-Asia ngokwesibonelo.

Kepha uma sihlala nesivamile, futhi sicabangela inani lezinto eziyizinhlanga, kukhona izifiso eziningi esikumema ukuthi uzazi:

Usebenze njengendima

Izinhlobo ICyperus papyrus Yayisetshenziswa kakhulu eGibhithe ukwenza iphepha. Zonke izinhlobo zemibhalo yesandla zazilotshwe kuso, izinhlamvu, uhlu, ... konke. Namuhla sithandwa kakhulu njengesitshalo segadi.

Zivimbela futhi zilwe nokuguguleka

Yize kungamakhambi, aqinile futhi aminyene, ngakho-ke ayasebenza kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuvimbela kanye / noma ukulwa nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Indlela enhle yokuyisebenzisa, isibonelo, ukutshala umugqa womhlanga onqamula engadini Noma, uma ungafuni yonke into, indawo esengozini kakhulu.

Ezinye zingezokwelapha

Ama-rhizomes eminye imihlanga, njenge I-Cyperus esculentus noma i-Scirpus, ziyelapha. Baqoqwa ekwindla-ebusika, futhi yomile elangeni ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

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