Isimo sezulu solwandle, esibizwa nangokuthi isimo sezulu sasolwandle, sihlanganisa izimo ezithile ezenza izitshalo eziningi zakhe amahlathi namahlathi amahle. Izimvula ziningi unyaka wonke, futhi nakuba amazinga okushisa epholile, lokhu kuvumela amazwe afana neSpain ukuba ajabulele uhlaza olumangalisayo.
I-Beech, i-oki, umlotha, nezinye izihlahla eziningi zingabanikazi balezi zindawo. Kodwa, Sizitholaphi izitshalo zesimo sezulu solwandle?
Yiziphi izici zesimo sezulu solwandle?
Okokuqala, kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhumbula owakufunda esikoleni kanye/noma ukusungula ngalesi simo sezulu, ngoba kuzokwenza kube lula ngathi ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi izitshalo ziphila kanjani. Nokho, ngesimo sezulu solwandle kufanele kushiwo ukuthi, njengoba negama layo libonisa, ithonywa kakhulu ulwandle. Lokhu okwenzayo ukulawula amazinga okushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjwe ukuba adlulele.
Ngakho-ke, nakuba kungabanda, noma kubanda ebusika, akubanda. Eqinisweni, kuvamile ukuthi kunomehluko ongekho ngaphezu kuka-10ºC phakathi kwezinga lokushisa elibandayo nelifudumele kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile futhi ukwengeza ukuthi umswakama uphezulu kakhulu, futhi njengomphumela wokusondela kolwandle.
Sinayo kuphi?
Isithombe – Wikimedia/Beck, HE, Zimmermann, NE, McVicar, TR, Vergopolan, N., Berg, A., & Wood, E. F
Kuwuhlobo lwesimo sezulu Itholakala emazweni anjenge-United Kingdom, Germany, France, enyakatho yeSpain, empumalanga ye-Australia, nasezindaweni ezihlukene zogu lwaseNingizimu Melika..
Kunoma yikuphi, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesimo sezulu se-oceanic: ejwayelekile, intaba enomswakama, i-oceanic Mediterranean kanye nesimo sezulu se-subpolar oceanic. Ake sibone ukuthi banjani:
- Isimo sezulu esijwayelekile sasolwandle: Itholakala phakathi kuka-40 no-60º latitude, futhi iyisimo sezulu lapho izimvula ziningi khona phakathi nonyaka, ngaphandle kwasehlobo lapho ngokuvamile linetha kancane. Noma kunjalo, imvula engaba ngu-1000mm ingehla ngonyaka. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lonyaka liphakathi kuka-7 no-14ºC.
- isimo sezulu sentaba esinomswakama: inezici ezifanayo nejwayelekile, kodwa ngomehluko wokuthi ivela ezintabeni.
- Isimo sezulu saseMedithera solwandle: wuhlobo lwesimo sezulu solwandle esibonakala ngokuba nehlobo elomile nelifudumele.
- Isimo sezulu se-subpolar oceanic: Itholakala eduze nezigxobo, lapho ubusika bubanda kakhulu, nezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lifika ku -3ºC.
Zinjani izimila zesimo sezulu sasolwandle? izibonelo
Futhi manje njengoba sesazi ukuthi yiziphi izici zalolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu, singakhuluma ngezitshalo eziye zajwayela ukuhlala kulezo zimo. Lapha sithola izinhlobo eziningana zamahlathi: amaqabunga, intaba, kanye laurel. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezidinga izinga lokushisa elipholile kodwa hhayi elibi kakhulu kanye nemvula unyaka wonke, njengalezi ezilandelayo:
I-Birch (Betula)
El i-birch Kuwumuthi ovuthuluka odabuka eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Kuyisitshalo esitholakala emahlathini anomswakama opholile, lapho ingafinyelela ubude obuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-10 no-30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inesici sokuba namagxolo amhlophe, ngoba ihlobisa kakhulu.
Amamephu (Acer)
I-Los amabalazwe Ziyiqoqo lezihlahla nezihlahlana ezihlala ezindaweni ezipholile emhlabeni. Nakuba kungezona zonke ezihlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esisolwandle, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane eziphila kuzo, njenge- I-Acer pseudoplatanus, the I-Acer opalus, the I-Acer palmatum, noma Ama-Acer platanoides. Wonke anamaqabunga amaqabunga awela ekwindla-ebusika.
I-Popular (Populus)
Isithombe - Flickr / Matt Lavin
El ubhabhulini, noma ubhabhulini, umuthi ovuthulukayo odabuka enyakatho nenkabazwe ifinyelela ukuphakama okuphezulu kwamamitha ama-30. Ikhula isiqu esiqondile noma esiqondile, esivame ukugalela ebangeni elifushane ukusuka phansi.
i-hazel (Hazelnut corylus)
Isithombe - Wikimedia / H. Zell
El hazelnut Isihlahla, esibuye sivuthulule, sidabuka emahlathini apholile naswakeme. Ingalingana ngamamitha ayi-15 ukuphakama, futhi unomqhele ongajwayelekile. Isithelo i-hazelnut, eqeda ukuvuthwa ekwindla.
Ukhokho (I-Castanea sativa)
Isithombe - Flickr / Andreas Rockstein
El isifuba Kuwumuthi ovuthuluka odabuka enyakatho nenkabazwe, lapho uhlala khona ezindaweni ezipholile. Ifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha angama-35, futhi iyisitshalo esikhiqiza izithelo ezidliwayo: i-chestnut.
I-Chestnut yamahhashi (I-Aesculus hippocastanum)
El i-chestnut yamahhashi noma i-chestnut yamanga isihlahla esikhulu, okuyinto ingakala amamitha angu-30 ukuphakama futhi ububanzi 5-6 amamitha. Amaqabunga awo nawo makhulu, njengoba ekwazi ukukala cishe amasentimitha angama-30 ububanzi. Itholakala emahlathini aseBalkan.
UDicksonia (I-Balantium antarcticum)
Isithombe - Isihlubuki seFlickr / Jungle
La i-dicksonia Isihlahla se-fern esitholakala emahlathini ashisayo ase-Australia. Ifinyelela kumamitha angama-15 ukuphakama, futhi ikhule amaqabunga - abizwa ngokuthi ama-fronds- aze afike ku-3-4 amamitha ubude. Lezi ziluhlaza futhi zingapheli, nakuba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziyafa.
Ingabe (I-Fagus sylvatica)
Isithombe - UFlickr / Peter O'Connor aka anemoneprojectors
El yiba lapho Kuwumuthi ovuthulukayo okhula akhe amahlathi abizwa ngokuthi amahlathi e-beech noma amahlathi e-beech enyakatho yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia nakwezinye izingxenye zeYurophu kanye naseningizimu yeNgilandi. Ikhula kancane kakhulu, kodwa ingafinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ukuphakama noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude bayo bempilo buyiminyaka engama-250.
I-oki (I-Quercus robur)
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Jean-Pol GRANDMONT
Nakuba kunama-oki amaningi ahlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu solwandle, sizibalile I-Quercus robur ngoba ingenye evame kakhulu. Itholakala enyakatho yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, nasezindaweni eziningi zaseYurophu nase-United Kingdom. Ifinyelela kumamitha angu-40 ubude, futhi inamaqabunga aluhlaza, awela ebusika. Ivamise ukwabelana ngendawo yokuhlala nezinyosi.
I-Linden (Tilia)
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Waugsberg
I-Los izihlahla ze-linden Ziyizihlahla ezivuthulukayo ezijwayelekile enyakatho nenkabazwe. Bafinyelela ubude obungamamitha angama-40, futhi ingaphila amakhulu eminyaka (abanye sebefinyelele eminyakeni engu-900). Izinga layo lokukhula lihamba kancane.
Izimila zesimo sezulu solwandle zihlukahlukene kakhulu.