Umndeni I-Araceae Iqukethe cishe izizukulwane eziyi-100 nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3000, kufaka phakathi izitshalo eziningi ezivame kakhulu kulinywa ngaphakathi endlini. Kunjalo monocot, kodwa anamaqabunga athuthukile kakhulu, anendawo eyinkimbinkimbi, okuthile okungajwayelekile kuleli qembu. Ukuqhakaza kwawo, yize kubonakala kuyimbali, empeleni kuyi-inflorescence ebizwa spadix, yakhiwa ngu izimbali eziningi ezincane futhi ephelezelwa ngu- spathe, i-bract enemibala ebonakala iyimbali. Ngokuvamile, le spadix inezimbali ezimbalwa zesifazane ezansi ezivikelwe yi-spathe kanti ezinye ziyizimbali zesilisa.
Iningi livela ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika, kepha zingatholakala nasezindaweni ezifudumele nasezweni elidala. Bahlala njalo izitshalo herbaceous, ngokuvamile rhizomatous, kepha eziningi ezishisayo ziyabagibeli futhi zingaba nesiqu esinyene esiphakama ngamamitha ambalwa. Lezo zezimo ezibandayo imvamisa izitshalo ezincane ezingenazo iziqu zasemoyeni (ama-acaules) ezichitha isikhathi esingesihle (ngenxa yamakhaza noma isomiso) ngaphansi komhlaba. Izitshalo eziningana ezintantayo ziyatholakala kulo mndeni. Ngokulandelayo sizobona izici nokunakekelwa kwezitshalo ezitshalwe kakhulu zomndeni I-Araceae.
I-Alocasia macrorrhiza (indlebe yendlovu)
Isitshalo esifunwa kakhulu ngenxa yaso amashidi amakhulu. Inezilimo eziningi ezinamaqabunga amakhulu, njenge 'Borneo giant'. Yisitshalo esine-rhizome emfushane kakhulu lapho kuvela khona amahlumela nesiqu sasemoyeni esikwazi ukufika ku-2m ukuphakama kuma-specimens amadala kakhulu. Amaqabunga, anezinhlamvu ezicishe zifike ku-2m ubude, atholakala kuphela ekugcineni kwesiqu futhi athanda ukuba mpo, anemiphetho ebushelelezi engaphezulu naphansi kanye nemithambo emakwe ngandlela thile. Zine-spathe emhlophe ne-spadix, kepha zincane kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izitshalo ezingaba nentshisekelo yokuhlobisa. Zonke ezinye izinhlobo I-Alocasia zivame ukuba yizitshalo ezincane, ezineziqu ezincane noma ezingenazo. Abomdabu ePhilippines noma eTaiwan, kunzima ukusho ngoba sebeneminyaka eminingi belima.
Ngokuqondene nokunakekelwa kwabo, bakhetha ngaphandle njalo inhlabathi emanzi, amazinga okushisa aphakeme ngandlela-thile, nokukhanya ngokuya ngomswakama omkhulu. Ngomswakama wezemvelo ohlale ugcinwe ngaphezu kwama-80%, angaba selangeni eligcwele, kepha uma ezoba ngaphansi, kungcono ukuwavikela elangeni ngezikhathi eziphakathi nosuku noma azoshiswa. Kepha ngenxa yokuthi abakwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa kahle, into ejwayelekile kakhulu ukuwagcina ezindlini okungenani ngesikhathi sasebusika, lapho bazodinga khona i-substrate edonsa kakhulu hhayi ukweqa ukuchelela.
I-Amorphophallus titanum (ayindilinga enkulu)
Igcwaliswe njenge "mbali enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni", akuyona imbali kepha i-inflorescence, ngakho-ke ayifanele leso sihloko (ama-furcraeas noma ama-agave ayizungeza izikhathi eziyinkulungwane). Noma kunjalo, ifaka i-spadix engakhula icishe ibe ngu-3m ubude, nesiphoso esikhulu esinombala, okwenza sikhangeleke. Akungabazeki i-inflorescence enkulu kakhulu yomndeni wonke I-Araceae, nesiphalaphala esimhlophe ngokuluhlaza ngaphandle namathoni abomvu ngaphakathi, nesipadix esiphuzi esinezimbali ezingacaci. Lapho iqhuma ikhipha isicanucanu isidumbu sinuka ukuheha izimpukane, izimpova zazo eziyinhloko. Uma ingekho embali (ehlala cishe isonto) noma i-torpor, ineqabunga elilodwa elenziwe ngobukhulu obukhulu, okubonakala sengathi yisihlahla. Ngaphansi komhlaba ine-rhizome emfushane ebizwa ngokuthi i-corm eyidla cishe ngokuphelele lapho iqhuma. Kungakho ingaqhakaza kuphela njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele (imvamisa kuthatha isikhathi eside). Indawo yokuhlala eSumatra.
Kuzo izitshalo ezibucayi kakhulu ezinezidingo ezithile, kepha uma ungayinikeza imibandela eyidingayo, ukunakekelwa kwayo kulula. Ngincoma ukuwafuna kuwebhusayithi ekhethekile, ngoba kungathatha kakhulu ukuchaza wona. Ngizokhuluma kuphela ngezinto okufanele ngizikhumbule: ngokungafani nenye i-Amorphophallus, lesi sitshalo asidingi isikhathi sokuphumula, kepha ngenxa yalokho, idinga izimo ezishisayo. Uma ungahlali esimweni sezulu esishisayo, kuzodingeka ukuthi ukusigcine endaweni yokugcina izithombo ezinkulu ngenxa yobukhulu efinyelela kuso. Simply kuye i-corm yesitshalo esidala ingaba nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-100kg, engeza kulokho isisindo seshidi ne-substrate futhi ufake cishe ithani, ngakho-ke ukuyihambisa akuwona umsebenzi olula.
Uma unentshisekelo kakhulu kulolu hlobo, ungenza isivivinyo. Akunzima ukuthola izitshalo ezincane cishe ngama- € 20-50, futhi uma zikusinda, uzobe usucabanga ukuthi wenzeni ngazo lapho sezikhulile. Noma kunjalo, ngincoma noma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo. Abaningi banokubukeka okufanayo kodwa osayizi abaningi abalawulekayo.
I-Anthurium andreanum (anthurium)
Isitshalo kuvame kakhulu njengokutshalwa kwendlu kanye nokuhlelwa kwembali. Intshisekelo yakhe yizikhala ezivulekile ngokuphelele zombala obomvu ogqamile nokuthungwa kwepulasitiki, lapho kuvela khona i-spadix ephuzi. Amaqabunga alula, anemida ebushelelezi noluhlaza okotshani, acwebezela kakhulu. Azinayo i-rhizome kepha zinesiqu sasemoyeni, yize kunzima ukuzibona zilingana kahle ngoba zivame ukufa ngemuva nje kokuzithenga. Ngaphakathi kwalokhu ubulili kunezinhlobo eziningi ezifunwa ngabaqoqi abanentshisekelo yokuthi ilenga laso elide lishiya amamitha amaningana ubude. Abomdabu baseColombia nase-Ecuador.
Ukunakekelwa kwangaphandle kuyinkimbinkimbi kwazise ilanga eliqondile liyazishisa futhi ababekezeleli amakhazaNgakho-ke, ezimweni zezulu ezipholile zikhula kuphela njengesitshalo sendlu. Badinga i-substrate egcina emanzini kepha idonsa kahle futhi ine-aeration eningi, ngakho-ke i-substrate yendawo yonke exutshwe ngezingxenye ezilinganayo nenye yama-orchid ingasiza. Zonke ezinye izinhlobo zivame ukutshalwa ku-moss I-Sphagnum, ngakho-ke futhi kungahle kube inketho enhle, kepha kuthanda ukubiza kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuvumela i-substrate yome ngokuphelele phakathi kokunisela, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zizobola. Uma igcinwe endaweni epholile ebusika, akufanele iniselwe ngaphandle kokuthi ibole, ngoba ibola kalula, kodwa okuhle ukuyibeka endaweni efudumele, njengegumbi elifudumele, kodwa hhayi eduze nayo. . Kudinga ukuba sendaweni ekhanyayo kakhulu, kepha ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile. Uma unayo bese ungakwazi ukuyichuma, kungahle kube ngoba esinye salezi zizathu.
I-Arum italicum (i-aro)
Isitshalo esithakazelisayo sokuthi inikeza umbala ezingadini zethu ebusika. Ine-rhizome (corm) emfushane ehlukanisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yakhe izitshalo eziningi. Ayinaso isiqu sasemoyeni, futhi ngokuvamile sinamaqabunga amabili noma amathathu kuphela, avela lapho amakhaza eza ekwindla futhi omile ngemuva kokuqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ekuqaleni uma ilanga libahlasela), kuze kube ukuwa okulandelayo. Amaqabunga angunxantathu, aluhlaza okomnyama kodwa anemithambo emhlophe emhlophe noma ekhanyayo. I-inflorescence yakhiwa ngesikhala esimhlophe esivaliwe kakhulu, nesipadix esincane esiphuzi. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, i-spathe iyawa, ishiye isithelo esihle sezithelo ezibomvu, esivame ukuhlala noma amaqabunga esomile. Owomdabu esifundeni saseMedithera.
Kumele zikhulele ngaphandle, lapho babekezelela khona amazinga okushisa ngezansi -20ºC. Badinga ukuma okunomthunzi ukuze bakhule kahle, yize bekwazi ukumelana nelanga elithile (kodwa elangeni lapho nje amazinga okushisa edlula u-15-20ºC, amaqabunga azoma). Azintekenteke nge-substrate, inqobo nje uma ihlala imanzi. Baze babekezelele nenhlabathi ethile egcwele amanzi.
IColocasia esculenta (i-colocasia, i-taro, taro)
Kuyafana ngokufana nama-alocasias, kepha ngokuvamile amancane ngosayizi futhi ngaphandle kwesiqu sasemoyeni. Okubonakala kuyisiqu sasemoyeni empeleni i-pseudostem eyenziwe ngamasheya amaqabunga. Amaqabunga anemiphetho ebushelelezi, yize i-wavy ethile, futhi eyindilinga kakhulu kunaleyo ye- I-Alocasia. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zinamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, kepha kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilimo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. Zine-rhizome (corm) emfushane lapho kuvela khona izitokofela eziningi ezakha izitshalo ezintsha ebangeni elithile, ukuze zibe nokuhlasela okuthile. Ine-spathe ehlangane kakhulu ephuzi eyakha umgodla oluhlaza emazansi ayo ovikela izimbali zesifazane. Ispadix sinombala okhilimu. Yiba ne- indawo enkulu yokusabalalisa e-Asia, ebeka umehluko omkhulu ekumelaneni nokubanda phakathi kwezinhlobo zayo ezahlukahlukene.
Yize ingatshalwa ngaphakathi, intshisekelo yalezi zitshalo ikhula ngaphandle. Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezimelana kakhulu namakhaza, njenge 'Pink china' zimelana namazinga okushisa aseduze -15ºC. Ngesikhathi sabo sokukhula badinga amanzi amaningi futhi bayakubekezelela ukuminyana kwamanzi, kepha ezindaweni ezinesithwathwa, uma ingxenye yasemoyeni isomile, uma inhlabathi ingakhiphi kahle kulula ukuthi i-corms ibole. Kokunye, ababuthakathaka ngohlobo lomhlabathi noma ukuchayeka elangeni, yize beyazisa inhlabathi evundile nomthunzi othile.
Lemna omncane (duckweed)
Okujwayelekile isitshalo esintantayo leyo "ephuma yedwa" lapho uthenga ezinye izitshalo zasemanzini. Kudala yayifakwa emndenini wayo, kepha isengezwe muva nje I-Araceae. Iyancishiswa ibe yisiqu esincane esinamaqabunga ambalwa kanye nempande elula, kepha ayiyeki ukukhipha amaswidi okuthi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zikwazi ukuzimela, ngakho-ke konakalisa ngokweqile. Ngokungafani nawo wonke umndeni, ayinayo i-spadix inflorescence, kalula izimbali ezilula cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona ngeso lenyama. Ingatholakala emhlabeni wonke, kepha ithathwa njengeyomdabu kuphela ezingxenyeni zeNyakatho Nenkabazwe kanye nase-Afrika. Inkinga yayo enkulu ukuthi imboza ubuso bamachibi, isheshisa inqubo ebizwa ukukhishwa kwesichazamazwi okugcina kubola ichibi futhi kubhubhise yonke impilo ekulo.
ESpain ukulinywa kwayo akukho emthethweni ngoba kubhekwa njengokuhlasela, futhi nakanjani nasezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Isidingo sabo kuphela ukuthola amanzi. Ingakhula ngisho naku-substrate uma ihlala imanzi, kepha lapho ingena ngampela iyantanta emanzini, ikakhulukazi uma inezakhi zomzimba eziningi. Emachibini kungukudla okuhle kwezinhlanzi nezimfudu, okukugcina kubhekiwe. Ukumelana kwayo namakhaza akucaci kahle, kepha kuze kube cishe -5ºC bangakwazi ukubamba, ngisho nokusinda lapho bevaleleke eqhweni. Ithanda ukuba selangeni eligcwele, kepha isekela umthunzi.
I-Philodendron bipinnatifidum (i-arboreal philodendron)
Iphilodendron enkulu, nesiqu esijiyile esiphakathi nendawo esingasekela isisindo samaqabunga aso amakhulu, yize sigcina ngokuyeka. Amaqabunga makhulu, amile okwembambo anemiphetho ye-wavy, eluhlaza okotshani okukhazimulayo. Ayinayo i-rhizome futhi akuvamile ukuthi kube yigatsha. Isiqu saso asinakho ukukhula ngobukhulu, ngakho-ke ukusekela isisindo saso njengoba sikhula ngobude, sikhiqiza izimpande zasemoyeni ezisebenza njengehange emhlabathini noma zokuxhuma esiqwini somuthi bese zikhuphuka. Isikhafu sinombala omncane oluhlaza okotshani futhi sizungeza yonke i-spadix, emhlophe. Abomdabu baseNingizimu Melika.
Ayikwazi ukuthwala kahle amakhazaNoma yiliphi iqhwa lizoshisa amaqabunga, kepha akusona isitshalo esenza kahle endlini. Ingagcinwa ngaphandle ezinyangeni ezifudumele futhi ivikeleke emakhazeni, kepha okuhle ukuthi ungabi nayo uma ungakwazi ukuyibeka phansi. Udinga i-substrate ukuze ihlale ihlala imanzi kakhulu, futhi iyayithanda ukuthi icebe futhi ibe nesisekelo kancane. Ibekezelela ilanga eligcwele (inqobo nje uma kukhona umswakama ophakeme) nomthunzi omncane, kepha ukuze amaqabunga abe nombala nokukhanya kwawo, umthunzi omncane ungcono.
Amapistia stratiotes (ulethisi wamanzi)
Okunye isitshalo esintantayo, kepha lena inamaqabunga athuthukile (kufika ku-20cm ubude no-10cm ububanzi), isiqu esincane nezimpande eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukubukeka kwayo okujwayelekile kungo-ulethisi ovulekile, kepha nge-radial veining. Ama-inflorescence ayo ajwayelekile emndenini wase-Araceae, kepha mncane, une-spathe ne-spadix elinganisa kuphela amamilimitha ambalwa, luhlaza okombala. Amashidi awaxoshwa ngamanzi (Azimanzi, ngenxa yezinwele ezibembozayo), futhi lokhu kuyazivumela ukuthi zintante, zisebenzise lezi ezingezansi njengesikebhe. Babuye baqoqe umoya othile ukuze untante, kodwa ungaphansi kwezinye izitshalo ezintantayo. Uhlobo lwayo oluphambili lokuzala kabusha yizitofu ezikhiqizayo futhi zihlala ndawonye isikhashana. Ayisihlaseli njengezinye izitshalo ezintantayo, kepha isazala ngokushesha okukhulu. Itholakala cishe kuwo wonke amanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo.
Akukho emthethweni eSpain futhi nakanjani kwamanye amazwe amaningi, ngoba kuyabhekwa ungenayo. Idinga ukuthi ibe nezimpande emanzini bese iyantanta, kepha ayibucayi ngohlobo lwamanzi. Kuhlasela kuphela emanzini aminyene anomsoco. Ayikwazi ukuthwala kahle amakhaza, noma yiliphi iqhwa lishisa amaqabunga. Kudingeka ikhule elangeni eligcwele noma emthunzini omncane.
I-Sauromatum i-venosum (i-voodoo lily)
Isitshalo esithakazelisa ngempela kodwa sitshalwa kancane. Singasibheka njengesinyathelo esiphakathi phakathi kwe-hoop ne-a I-Amorphophallus. Amaqabunga, avame ukuba nelilodwa noma amabili ngasikhathi sinye, anomumo onzima wokuchaza. Zingamaqabunga ahlanganisiwe akhiwa "umqhele" wamapheshana aluhlaza anamathiselwe ku-petiole emile enamabala ansundu. I-inflorescence, ukuvela ngaphambi kwamaqabunga noma ngabe i-corm ayitshalwanga futhi ikhipha iphunga elibi, yakhiwa yisigaxana eside kakhulu sombala wemaroni ngaphandle nangoluhlaza okotshani onamabala abomvu ngaphakathi, agobhoza izimbali zesifazane. I-spadix imhlophe engxenyeni yabesifazane nemaroon engxenyeni yabesilisa, futhi yinde kakhulu. Uma i-poninized, yakha isithelo se-globose esifana ne-blackberry esesezingeni eliphansi. Ihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika nase-Asia.
Kumele ikhulele ngaphandle ukuze ikhule kahle. Idinga i-substrate enomsele omuhle futhi ikwazi ukuba ne-asidi, kepha kufanele ihlale igcinwe imanzi ngenkathi inezimbali noma amaqabunga. Ekwindla, lapho ingxenye yomoya isoma, kufanele igcinwe yomile, ngaphandle kwalokho kulula kakhulu ukuthi i-corm ibole. Uma inkulu ngokwanele ukuqhakaza, ikwenza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Imbali ihlala usuku olulodwa ivulekile futhi ngemuva kokumisa iqabunga liyavela. Ingakhipha amaqabunga afika kathathu ngonyaka, futhi uma isomile yangena ku-torpor, ingamelana namazinga okushisa ngezansi -15ºC. Ithanda ukuba semthunzini omncane, yize iphila ngomthunzi ogcwele.
I-Zantedeschia aethiopica (i-cove, iminduze yamanzi, alcatraz)
Esinye sezitshalo zangaphandle ezitshalwa kakhulu kulo mndeni. Inamaqabunga anomumo ojwayelekile womndeni I-Araceae kepha kunwetshiwe. Ama-inflorescence ayo anezikhafu ezimhlophe ne-spadix ephuzi, futhi akhipha iphunga elimnandi. Inikela ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezinamaqabunga amancane kanye ne-spathe yayo yonke imibala. Isilimo esikhulu kunazo zonke, i-'Hercules ', singakhula sibe ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili ubude futhi sinamaqabunga amakhulu nama-inflorescence. Ine-rhizome ende ethe xaxa kunezinye izitshalo zomndeni, kepha ayinaso isiqu sasemoyeni. Okubonakala kuyisiqu empeleni kuyi-pseudostem eyenziwe ngamasheya emacembe. Inesiqu sangempela lapho iqhuma. Owomdabu eNingizimu Afrika, yize sekujwayelekile ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.
Kulula kakhulu ukuyinakekela, ibekezelela zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi, kusukela ekukhukhuleni ngokuphelele kuze kube yome kakhulu, futhi ingaba elangeni eligcwele nasemthunzini ogcwele, yize ikhetha umthunzi omncane. Kubekezelela amazinga okushisa asondele -10ºC, noma kunjalo kuya nge-cultivar.
I-Zamioculcas zamiifolia (zamioculca)
Kulinywe ikakhulu njenge isitshalo sendlu, wehluke kakhulu komunye umndeni. Amaqabunga awo ahlanganiswe ne-pinnate, okungukuthi, wona lokho okubonakala kuyisiqu sasemoyeni empeleni kuyisici seqabunga, lapho kuphuma khona amapheshana. Le rachis ikhule kakhulu ukuqongelela amanzi. Isiqu sawo sangempela singaphansi komhlaba (yize ingavela kwizibonelo ezindala) futhi iyisihlahla esinezicwecwe ezinde esinesisindo ngokubukeka okunelukuluku kakhulu. I-inflorescence ine-spathe eluhlaza evikela ekuqaleni i-spadix bese ibuyela emuva, ne-spadix emhlophe enezimbali ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, zikhulu ngokwamazinga omndeni. Intshisekelo enkulu yalesi sitshalo umbala omnyama ohlaza nokukhanya kwamaqabunga aso. Kukhona isilimo esinamaqabunga amnyama. Ilukuluku ngalesi sitshalo ukuthi singazaliswa kabusha ngokutshala amapheshana, noma kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuhluma. Abomdabu base-Afrika eshisayo.
Yisitshalo esinzima kakhulu esingajamelana nanoma yini ephonswa kuso, yize sithanda i-substrate enomsele omuhle nokukhanya okuhle. Endlini ingakhula cishe noma yikuphi lapho ithola khona ukukhanya, kepha okuhle ukuyibeka eduze kwewindi, okuyilapho ikhula kahle khona. Uma ikhule ngaphandle ikhetha ukuba semthunzini omncane, kepha kuya ngalokho esikufunayo. Emthunzini ogcwele izoba namaqabunga ngaphezu kwe-1m ubude futhi iluhlaza okotshani (yize ingacwebezeli njengaphakathi endlini), ngenkathi ilanga eligcwele iyoba namaqabunga angaphezudlwana kuka-10cm ubude, iluhlaza ngokukhanyayo ngombala futhi ivuvukele ngokweqile. Kubalulekile ukukusho lokho ayibekezeleli isithwathwa.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezaziwayo zalo mndeni yilezi imbambo ka-adam (I-monstera emnandi), the poto (I-Epipremnum aureum) kanye spatiphile (I-Spathyphyllum wallisii), evame ukukhula njengezitshalo zasendlini. Ubuwazi ukuthi zonke lezi zitshalo zingezomndeni owodwa? Noma nini lapho ubona i-spadix evikelwe yi-spathe, uzokwazi ukuthi lesi sitshalo esomndeni I-Araceae.