La igerbera, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-African daisy, sisityalo esincinci kodwa sineentyatyambo ezilinganayo, ezilinywa ngokubanzi egadini, kodwa ngakumbi ekhaya. Ihlala isetyenziswa njengentyatyambo esikiweyo, kuba ezi zihlala zihleli kangangeentsuku ezininzi ngaphambi kokuba zibune.
Ukuphindaphinda kwayo akunzima; Ngokuchasene noko, imbewu yazo inezinga lokuhluma okuphezulu, okanye ngamanye amagama: ukuba nje inokusebenza, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuba uhlwayela ishumi, umzekelo, zonke okanye zonke ziya kuhluma. Lo nto, masibone ukuba sinyanyekelwa njani esi sityalo sixabisekileyo.
Imvelaphi kunye neempawu zegerbera
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba xa sithetha ngegerbera, sibhekisa kuthotho lwezityalo zohlobo lweGerbera, ezichazwe malunga neentlobo ezingama-38 ezahlukeneyo. Eyona ithengiswa kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, yiGerbera x hybrida, okt ayisiyondawo inyulu enjalo, kodwa ngumnqamlezo wezinto ezininzi.
Imvelaphi yayo iya kufumaneka e-Afrika nakwi-Asia ekweleenjiko. Ayinkulu kakhulu, enyanisweni ayidluli ngokulinganayo kwisiqingatha semitha ukuphakama, kodwa umbala wamagqabi aso ohlaba umxhwele kangangokuba utsala iingcolisi lula. Ukongeza, inamagqabi amakhulu, aluhlaza, ayilelwe ukubamba ukukhanya kwelanga kangangoko kwaye, yiyo loo nto, ikwazi ukwenza ifotosinthesize kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo kwaye ikhule.
Nangona ihlala inesityalo sonyaka okanye sonyaka, I-gerbera iyaphela, onokuphila iminyaka eliqela. Kodwa kulimo, nokuba kungenxa yokuba iqabaka libhaliswe ebusika, okanye ngenxa yokuba umgangatho weentyatyambo uyehla, uhlala utshintshwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka eyi-1-2.
Zingaphi iintlobo zegerberas ezikhoyo?
Kukho iintlobo ezingama-38 ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, inye kuphela eyaziwayo. Ngesi sizathu, sifuna ukukubonisa iintlobo ezimbalwa zegerberas esicinga ukuba zinomdla kakhulu ukuzazi. Emva koko uya kuba nakho ukubabona:
UGerbera x hybrida
Umfanekiso - Flickr / jacinta lluch valero
Siqala ngaleyo ithengiswa kakhulu, ngaphezulu kakhulu kunabanye. Njengoko besele sicinge njalo, ngumnqamlezo phakathi kweentlobo ezininzi. Ukuphakama kwayo kuneesentimitha ezingama-50-55, kwaye iveza iintyatyambo ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo: iorenji, bomvu, pinki, tyheli, mhlophe.
UGerbera aurantiaca
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Aftabbanoori
La UGerbera aurantiaca Yindalo ezizalelwe eAfrika, ingakumbi kwingingqi yaKwaZulu-Natal. Ikhula ukuya kwiisentimitha ezingama-40, kwaye umbala weentyatyambo zawo usoloko ubomvu, nangona unokusuka kumbala omthubi nongqombela. Kusengozini yokuphela.
UGerbera jamesonii
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Adeep309
La UGerbera jamesonii Yindidi eyaziwayo ese Mzantsi Afrika. Ifikelela kubude obumalunga neesentimitha ezingama-40. Iintyatyambo zayo zibomvu okanye orenji.
IGerbera viridifolia
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / SAplants
La IGerbera viridifolia Ifunyanwa ngaseMpuma Afrika, kwimimandla esezintabeni, kwaye ifikelela kumasentimitha angama-45 ukuphakama. Ivelisa iintyatyambo ezimhlophe okanye ze-lilac.
Ukunyamekelwa kukaGerbera
Isityalo i-gerbera okanye i-African daisy sisityalo esithi inokusigcina iminyaka embalwa. Ngesi sizathu, kufanelekile ukubonelela ngononophelo olukhethekileyo enkosi apho siya kuba nekopi yethu ixesha elingaphezulu kwesinye. Ngale nkathalo kubalulekile ukwenza ngathi isityalo, okokuqala, siphilile.
Iintyatyambo zayo zixabisekile, kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo ziya kuzivelisa ukuba isempilweni entle; kodwa Injongo yethu akufuneki ibe kukufumana iintyatyambo ezininzi, kodwa kukuthintela ukuba kungabikho zitshabalalisi, izifo kunye nokusilela; kwaye ukuba iyenzeka, ezi zinto zibangela owona monakalo mncinci ukuze ifike yomelele ebusika.
Ke ngoko, kwaye xa sele sithethile, sicebisa ukukhathalela i-gerbera ngale ndlela ilandelayo:
Ubicación
Uyibeka phi? Umxholo kwindawo apho kukho ukucaca okuninziOko kukuthi, ukukhanya okuninzi. Unokunika ilanga ngqo kusasa, kodwa kukhethwa ukuba ungakwenzi oko.
Ebusika, kwaye ukuba kukho iqabaka, iya kugcinwa kwigumbi eliqaqambileyo, kodwa kude kuyilo.
Umhlaba
- Imbiza yeentyatyambo: kufuneka ilinywe kunye nemigqabha yesanti, kwaye ityebe ngezinto eziphilayo. Umzekelo, umxube olungileyo uza kuba yi-peat ene-30% ye-perlite, okanye umgangatho osemgangathweni osezantsi okhupha amanzi kakuhle, njengaleyo yohlobo lweentyatyambo (iyathengiswa apha) okanye iFertiberia umzekelo.
- Jadini: ukuba ufuna ukutyala emhlabeni, kuya kufuneka ubone ukuba umhlaba uyakwazi ukukhupha amanzi ngokukhawuleza. Ukwenza oku, siya kwenza umngxuma malunga neesentimitha ezingama-40 ukuphakama nobubanzi, kwaye siya kuwuzalisa ngamanzi. Ukuba sibona ukuba kamsinya nje ukuba siyiphose, umhlaba uyifunxa ngokulula, emva koko sinokutyala igerbera; Kwimeko apho sibona ukuba kuyabiza kwaye ke ngoko kuthatha ixesha elide, kwakamsinya nje ukuba amanzi afunxwe ngokupheleleyo, siya kuwenza umngxuma uphindeke kabini ngobukhulu, kwaye siya kuwuzalisa ngongqimba lokuqala lodongwe lwentaba-mlilo intengiso apha) okanye iarlita (iyathengiswa apha), emva koko ngomxube we-peat ene-perlite kwiindawo ezilinganayo.
Unkcenkceshelo kunye nombhalisi
Nangona zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, amaxesha ngamaxesha ndiyathanda ukuyibeka kwicandelo elinye, kuba izityalo zizidalwa ezifuna amanzi, kodwa kunye nezakha mzimba. Ukujolisa kwiigerberas, kufuneka unkcenkceshelwe umndilili kathathu ngeveki ehlotyeni, kunye nomndilili wamaxesha ama-1-2 ngeveki unyaka wonke.
Kuya kufuneka uzame ukungagqithi emanzini, kuba boyika amanzi agqithisileyo. Ngapha koko, ngenxa yesi sizathu akulunganga ukunkcenkceshela ukusuka phezulu, ukuba awuhambisi amanzi emhlabeni. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ehlotyeni, kwaye ngakumbi ukuba sinalo elangeni, kuba ukuba simanzisa amagqabi, imitha yelanga inokubangela ukutsha.
Umbhalisi uya kwenziwa entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni ngokukodwa, kodwa ikwakhona ekwindla kwaye, nangona incinci, ikwasebusika. Iimveliso oza kuzisebenzisa ziya kuba:
- Intwasahlobo-ihlobo: izichumisi ezingamanzi ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza, ezinje ngeguano (kwintengiso apha) okanye isicatshulwa saselwandle (siyathengiswa apha). Sukuwusebenzisa gadalala okokugqibela, njengoko kuhlala kune-alkaline kakhulu. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukutshintsha: inyanga enye, enye inyanga enye. Ewe kufuneka ulandele imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa.
- Ekwindla-ebusika: kula maxesha mabini i-gerbera ayinakukhula, kodwa kuba sinomdla wokuyigcina yomelele, siza kuqhubeka nokuyichumisa ngecephe elincinci (lekofu) ngesichumiso esinjenge enye ngeveki. Le mveliso iya kugcina iingcambu zikhuselwe ngakumbi kubanda.
Ukutshintshwa
Zombini ukutyala emhlabeni kunye notshintsho lwembiza kuya kwenziwa entwasahlobo, Amaxesha amaqondo obushushu ahlala engaphezulu kwe-18ºC. Ngale ndlela, siya kuqinisekisa ukuba i-gerbera ayizukuhlupheka. Ngapha koko, nangona idubula, ehlala isenzeka xa beqala ukuzithengisa kwiindawo zokugcina abantwana, kuya kufuneka silumke ngakumbi kwaye singazisebenzisi iingcambu zazo. Kodwa ayikho enye into.
Khumbula ukuba umhlaba kufuneka ube nomsele ochanekileyo, kwaye imbiza kufuneka ibe nemingxunya apho amanzi angaphuma khona ngaphandle kobunzima. Akulunganga ukubeka ipleyiti phantsi kwayo, ngaphandle kokuba iyabaleka emva kokuba unkcenkceshele.
Zisasazeka njani igerberas?
Igerbera iphindaphindeka ngembewu nangohlulo lwerhizome entwasahlobo. Makhe sibone ukuba njani:
- Imbewu: Nje ukuba zifunyanwe, kufuneka zityalwe kwiimbiza ezinomhlaba wezithole kwaye zigqunywe ngentwana yale substrate. Emva kwexesha, siyankcenkceshela kwaye sizibeka emthunzini. Kubalulekile ukongeza ukuba yindlela enzima, kuba imbewu yegerbera ihlala isebenza ixesha elifutshane kakhulu.
- Icandelo leRhizome: yeyona ndlela icetyiswayo. Kwizityalo ezingaphezulu konyaka, iingcambu zingathenwa, zibashiye nobude obumalunga neesentimitha ezilishumi, kunye namanye amagqabi. Ezi kufuneka zisikwe kancinane ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha. Emva koko, saqhubeka ukwahlula ezi ngcambu ziya kuba namagqabi athile, kwaye zibulawa zintsholongwane ngefungicide kwaye kwangoko emva koko zityalwe kwiimbiza ezine-vermiculite ebifakwe ngaphambili kwaye zigqunywe ngeplastiki.
Izinambuzane
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Gilles San Martin
Izona zinambuzane ziqhelekileyo kwizityalo ezininzi, zichaphazela negerbera:
- Izilwanyana, phakathi kwayo kukho Isigcawu esibomvu: zincinci kakhulu, zitya incindi. Abanye baluka iikhabhonithi phakathi kwamagqabi, apho siza kubona khona amachaphaza amdaka. Iphathwa nge-acaricides (iyathengiswa apha).
- Iislugs: Zisisinambuzane esinje, kodwa xa usondla ngengca kufuneka ubabukele, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo, nokuba kungokuphindisela okanye ii-molluscicides (ukuba unezilwanyana zasekhaya, siyacebisa enye oko kuya kubathintela ekungeniseni).
- Isineyile: ditto.
- Mealybugs: mealybugs zibonwa ikakhulu emazantsi amagqabi nakwiziqu. Ziyi-sap suckers, kwaye zibuye zikhuphe ii-molasses ezonwabisa ubungqindilili okanye isotyu. Le fungus igquma amagqabi ngohlobo lwengubo emnyama okanye umgubo. Nje ukuba inambuzane inyangwe nge-anti-mealybugs (iyathengiswa apha) okanye isepha namanzi, iyanyamalala.
- Uhambo: uhambo ziyafana neendlebe, kodwa zincinci kakhulu. Ifumaneka kwinxalenye ephezulu yamagqabi, apho zitya incindi yayo. Ngokunjalo kuyenzeka ukuba ubone ngeliso lenyama ilindle labo, elifana namachaphaza amnyama, kunye neendawo ezibangela ukulunywa kwazo. Ziyasuswa ngesepha namanzi.
- Impukane emhlophe: i Impukane emhlophe Sisidleleli esifunxa incindi ehlala phakathi kwamagqabi esityalo. Ngethamsanqa, namhlanje kukho iimveliso ezininzi ezishenxisayo, ezinje ngomhlaba wedayomaceous (uyathengiswa apha) okanye isepha ye potassium (iyathengiswa apha).
- Imibungu: Ngumbungu we-lepidopteran onokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumagqabi, kulapho zondla khona. Ziyapheliswa ngesibulali zinambuzane esisebenzayo ngokuchasene nemibungu.
Izifo
Izifo onokuba unayo zezi zilandelayo:
- IBotrytis: i ibhotile Yifungus egubungela amagqabi, iziqu kunye neentyatyambo ngohlobo lomgubo ongwevu, yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba kukubola okungwevu. Iindawo ezichaphazelekayo kufuneka zisikwe kwaye zinyangwe ngesibulali sokubulala esiqulathe ubhedu.
- Umngundo womphunga: Ngumngundo ofana nalowo ungaphambili, kodwa oku kuchaphazela amagqabi kuphela. Iphathwa ngendlela efanayo, okanye ngefungicides eziqulathe isalfure, ezinje nge enye.
- Rhizoctonia solani: ngumngundo obolisa iingcambu. Ukuthanda ukufuma, kubonakala xa kugcwele amanzi. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuzama ukungankcenkcesheli ngaphezulu kwemfuneko; kwaye ukuba sikrokrela ukuba unefungi, nyanga ngokukhawuleza ngefungicides (ziyathengiswa apha).
- ISclerotinia: eyaziwa ngokuba ngumngundo omhlophe, ngundo ogquma amagqabi kunye nesiqu kumgubo omhlophe, okhangeleka kwikhokho. Olu luphawu lokuqala, kuba emva kwento eza kuyenza kukubulala isityalo. Ke ngoko, ukuyiphepha, amalungu achaphazelekayo kufuneka asikwe kwaye anyangwe ngefungicide.
- Virus: zombini intsholongwane yesifo se-tomato kunye ne-virus okanye i-virus wrinkle virus. Zibangela ukubonakala kwemibala kumagqabi. Akukho lunyango, sika nje iindawo ezichaphazelekayo kwaye ugcine isityalo sinkcenkceshelwa kwaye sichumise.
Iingxaki zeGerbera
Ukongeza kwizinambuzane nezifo, unokuba nezinye iingxaki ngokunjalo:
- Ayidubuli: Ukuba yintwasahlobo kwaye ayityatyambi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba amaqondo obushushu asezantsi, okanye kufuneka isichumiso. Jonga ukuba ubushushu buyachukumisa okanye bufikelela kuma-20ºC, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, qala uchumise ngeguano, okanye ukuba ukhetha isichumiso sezityalo eziqhakazayo (ziyathengiswa apha). Ngale ndlela, uya kumnceda ukuba azobe iintyatyambo.
- Iintyatyambo eziwileyo: Ukuba i-gerbera iwile iintyatyambo, mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba ilanga liyibethile. Ezi zityalo zikuthanda kakhulu ukukhanya, kodwa hayi ilanga ngqo. Ungabanika kancinci ukuba igudile, kodwa ayilunganga. Ukongeza, awusoze unkcenkceshele phezulu, uthambisa nje umhlaba.
- UWilted gerbera: Ukuba isityalo siyabuna ngokukhawuleza, kufuneka sibone ukuba sinamanzi amaninzi na. Isityalo esoyika ukuntywila, kungoko kufuneka umhlaba uwome kancinane phakathi kokunkcenkceshela, kungenjalo umngundo uya kuwonakalisa. Bona ngakumbi kwiZifo.
Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza
I-gerbera ayikwazi ukuma kubanda. Kodwa ukuba igcinwe kwigadi ekhuselekileyo, umzekelo kwikona kwaye ijikelezwe zizityalo, inokumelana namaqondo obushushu e-0 degrees, kunye neqabaka ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2ºC.
Yintoni intsingiselo yentyatyambo yegerbera?
Kuxhomekeka kumbala wentyatyambo, kukho intsingiselo ethile okanye enye kuthiwa yiyo. Umzekelo:
- Igerbera etyheli: tyheli inxulumene ngokusondeleyo neLanga, ke ngoko ebomini. Kananjalo kwimpumelelo nakubutyebi, ke kuyathakazelisa ukuyinika owesifazana osandula ukuzala, umzekelo, ukuba unqwenelele okuhle yena nosana lwakhe.
- I-gerbera emhlophe: umhlophe ngumbala wokuhlanzeka nokuzola. Intyatyambo emhlophe yegerbera yinkcukacha ezimangalisayo kwezona zibathandwa zikhethekileyo, okanye kwabo bahambisa uxolo, okanye abaludingayo.
- Igerbera ebomvu: lufanekisela uthando, zombini usapho olunye kwaye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, olwesibini. Ke ngoko kufanelekile ukuba nesityalo kwigumbi lokuhlala owabelana ngaso nomntu omthandayo.
- Igerbera eorenji: imele uvuyo, impumelelo kunye nozinzo. Yintyatyambo elungileyo ukuba phakathi kwetafile ngexesha lentlanganiso umzekelo.
Ukuthenga phi?
Ukuba ufuna ipakethe ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo, cofa apha:
