Sinethamsanqa elikhulu ngokuhlala kwiplanethi apho ubomi bunokubakho kwaye apho kukho iyantlukwano yezilwanyana kunye nezityalo kangangokuba amehlo ahlala engazi ukuba makame phi ukuze acamngce ngobuhle. Kodwa kumaxesha akutshanje, ngakumbi emva koHlaziyo lwezoRhwebo, kubonakala ngathi silibale ukuba uMhlaba kuphela kwekhaya esilaziyo, elona kuphela ikhaya esinokuhlala kulo.
Andizukuya kwimicimbi yabantu (ukubawa, ukubawa, njl.njl.) Kuba ezo ayizizo ezebhlog, kodwa ndiza kuthetha nawe ngokubaluleka kwempova, ukuba isebenza njani, zeziphi izilwanyana ezichaphazelekayo kwaye kutheni kunomdla kakhulu ukunceda indalo ngehotele yezinambuzane.
Usebenza njani umvumvuzelwano?
Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni umungu kunye nokuba uqulethwe yintoni, kufuneka kuqala kuqala wazi ukuba zeziphi iinxalenye zentyatyambo kwaye uyintoni umsebenzi welungu ngalinye. Kwakhona, oku kufuneka uyazi ukuba kukho amaqela amabini amakhulu ezityalo: iigymnosperms kunye neeangosperms.
IiGymnosperms
Ngaphakathi kweli qela sifumana ii-ferns, ii-cycads, ii-conifers kunye nomthi ekuphela kwawo, i Ginkgo biloba (kuphela iindidi zeGinkgo ezisaseleyo unanamhla). Kuqikelelwa ukuba baqala uguquko lwabo ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-300 yezigidi eyadlulayo, kwaye nangona bonke behlukile, banenkqubo efanayo yokuzala.
Ezi zityalo azivelisi iintyatyambo zokubonisa, kodwa ziyavelisa zinika imbewu, ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yipore, nangona le mbewu "ihamba ze"; Oko kukuthi, ayenzi iifomati ezivaliweyo njengoko kunjalo kwii-angiosperms, kodwa kunoko ivela ngqo kwisebe lokukhula okulinganiselweyo apho kuvela khona amagqabi achumileyo okanye i-sporophylls. Ezi sporophils zinokufikelela kubungakanani obulula ngokulula, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokungaqapheleki:
Uyawabona la machaphaza abomvu krwe? Zibizwa ngokuba zii-sporophylls, apho kuvela khona imbewu.
Nje ukuba imbewu okanye ispore senziwe, iijimnosperm zixhomekeke emoyeni nasemanzini ukuze zisebenze njenge "ndlela yothutho" yenzala yazo. Bahlala bengazithembi izinambuzane okanye ezinye izilwanyana kakhulu, kuba xa beqala ukuvela kwazo kwakungekho nanye into yokudlulisela impova; ngenxa yoko azivelisi incindi okanye ubusi.
IiAngiosperms
I-Angiosperms zizityalo "zale mihla" (ukuba siyayamkela "yanamhlanje" ukuba ivele eMhlabeni malunga neminyaka eli-140 yezigidi eyadlulayo, kwiTriassic okanye kwiJurassic). Bahlala kunye needinosaurs, ezona zirhubuluzi zinkulu kwezakha zahamba emhlabeni, kwaye uguquko lwazo lwakhokelela kuthotho lweenguqulelo ezinkulu nezibalulekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba. Kwaye kunjalo ayigcinanga nje ngokuvela, kodwa nezinambuzane, kunye nezinye izilwanyana.
Ukuyiqonda, omnye unokuthi ifana nevili, ngokungathi ukuveliswa kweentyatyambo ezinamagqabi kunika umqondiso wokuqala kuguquko kwindalo oluya kuthi luphele ekubeni lubaluleke kakhulu kwizilwanyana ... phakathi kwazo esizifumanayo singabantu .
Iintyatyambo zeli qela likhulu zihlala zihombisile, zinemibala echwayitileyo, kuba amagqabi asebenza njengomgibe wezinambuzane ukuba ziye kuwo. Ukongeza, zonke zivelisa incindi kunye / okanye nobusi: kufuneka zenze njalo ukuba zifuna ukuseka ubudlelwane obungenasiphelo kunye nezidlulisi zazo. Zonke zazo ziya kwintyatyambo, itya incindi yayo kunye / okanye nobusi, kwaye kaninzi ngokungazi ngamakhulu, mhlawumbi amawaka, iinkozo zomungu zinamathele emzimbeni wayo.
Xa usiya kwenye intyatyambo, ezo pollen grains ziya kufakwa kwi-stigma, esisisiqu esihle kakhulu esiphakathi kwentyatyambo. Ukusuka apho, i-ovary iya kuchumisa kwaye iqale ukukhula, njengoko isomelela kwaye ivelisa imbewu ngaphakathi. Ngalo mzuzu kulapho sibona ukuba amagqabi abuna kwaye awe ngokukhawuleza, etyhila ngaphezulu okanye kancinci ukudumba "ibhola", eya kuba sisiqhamo sesityalo.
Umsebenzi wabazali - ngesiqhelo uphela / r (kukho ezinye izityalo, ezinje ngemangrove, ezigcina imbewu yazo de zintshule, oko ke kwandise amathuba okuphila) xa isiqhamo sikhula. Ngoku ngumoya, amanzi okanye, rhoqo izilwanyana, ezijongene nokuthatha inzala yexesha elizayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kubazali bayo.
Kutheni le nto umvumvuzelwano nomvumvuzela izinambuzane zibalulekile?
Impendulo emfutshane iya kuba kungenxa yokuba umhlaba wezilwanyana (kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ilizwe lomntu) liza kujongana nalo, mhlawumbi ngaphandle kwenjongo yokwesaba, ukuphela kwalo, ngaphandle kokuba uluntu ludale iindlela (iirobhothi-iinyosi mhlawumbi?) umungu ngamnye kwiintyatyambo zezityalo.
Sikhankanya iinyosi kakhulu, hayi ngelize ukuba zezona zinambuzane zibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa asinakho kwaye akufuneki sizilibale ezinye ezininzi: oonomeva, amabhabhathane, iimbovane, oonombombiya kunye neetetera ezinde. Uyazi ukuba yintoni ipesenti yezityalo eziyifunayo? Malunga ne-80%, ngokwe-Food and Agriculture Organisation yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (unolwazi oluthe kratya apha).
Kwaye u…:
- Sisebenzisa kakhulu izibonelelo zendalo
- Sigawula amahlathi kwinqanaba apho ihlathi lingenaxesha lokuphinda lizihlaziye khona
- Siqala imililo
- Kwaye yintoni, njengabagadi begadi okanye abathandi begadi, isichukumise kakhulu: sisebenzisa iikhemikhali ezonakalisa umhlaba kwaye zonakalise okusingqongileyo.
Ukulinywa okunzulu kweoyile yesundu kusishiya singenamahlathi.
Andizukuba ngumntu othintela ukuba usebenzise amayeza okubulala izinambuzane, kodwa ndiza kukuxelela ukuba oko akukhuthazwa. Insecticide, herbicide, pesticide, fungicide ... onke la magama aphela ngo "acid", oko kukuthi "ukuphelisa", "ukutshabalalisa", "ukubulala". Babulala ezo zinambuzane, ewe, ezinokuthi zonakalise izityalo, kodwa nezinye ziluncedo. Ngaphandle kwalonto, ziyabenzakalisa, ubukhulu becala okanye obuncinci, izityalo, ngokuthintela inkqubo yazo yokhuselo ukuba yomelezwe.
Umxholo we izichumisi zemichiza okanye iikhompawundi zikwabalulekile. Banceda ukukhula into ngokukhawuleza, kodwa, ukuba uyandivumela thelekisa, kufana nokondla izilwanyana zasefama ngokutya ukuze zityebe ngokukhawuleza. Inkohlakalo, kuba ezi zilwanyana zijamelene nezifo ezininzi. Kukwanjalo ke nakwizityalo.
Sibanika izichumisi ezityebileyo kwi-nitrogen ukuze zikhule, ukuze zibe nkulu kwaye zibe ntle, kodwa silibale ukuba zifuna ezinye izondlo ezininzi (i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-iron, i-…,) ukuze impilo yazo ibe ntle. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba izityalo ezinyangwa kuphela ngamachiza zisengozini kwizitshabalalisi nakwizifo: sizishiya zingenakuzikhusela.
Inceda izinambuzane ezingcolisayo
Namhlanje siyazi ukuba kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhathalela izityalo ngelixa uhlonipha okusingqongileyo. Vula Oku kubhaliwe Umzekelo sikuxelela ukuba zeziphi ezinye zezichumisi kunye namayeza endalo onokuwasebenzisa, kodwa zisekhona izinto ezinokwenziwa ukunceda iingcolisi.
Yiba nezityalo eziqhakazayo
Ukongeza ekutsaleni izinambuzane ezingcolisayo, uya kufumana igadi entle okanye ipatio. Indawo echinaceae, margaritas, Ilavenda, romero, yirockrose, dandelion, calendula, celindo… Zonke ezi ziyakonwabisa izilwanyana.
Khulisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo
Ukuba monoculture ibonakaliswe kwinto enye, ikwi-biodiversity ehlwempuzekileyo abayigcinayo. Ngesi sizathu, kunomdla kakhulu ukuba neendlela ezahlukeneyoImithi, izihlahla, amasundu, iihorticulturals ... kwaye ukuba ziyinzalelwane, kungcono, kuba ziya kulungela ngakumbi ukuhlala kakuhle kwindawo yakho.
Yiba nehotele yezinambuzane
Iihotele zezinambuzane yindawo yazo yokusabela, indawo apho zinokuya khona malunga nobomi bazo ngesiqhelo. Zenziwe ngomthi nangeendiza, nangona ungabeka intwana yocingo okanye igridi ukuze zikhuseleke ngakumbi (kwiintaka, umzekelo). Apha ungazithengela ezakho.
Ukubeka phi ihotele yezinambuzane?
Ibekwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, ethuleyo apho kukho izityalo ezininzi ezintle nezonwabileyo, ngumcimbi wexesha ngaphambi kokuba ufumane iindwendwe zakho zokuqala. Eyona nto inomdla kukuba ungayifumana nokuba iikati okanye izinja zikwisitiya sakho, ipatio okanye ithala, kuba azizizo iintshaba (ngaphandle kweenjana, ezinokuthi ngamanye amaxesha zidlale amabhabhathane okanye ezo) zezinambuzane.
Kuphi ukuthenga ihotele yezinambuzane?
Ungayithenga eLeroy Merlin nakwiAmazon, okanye apha:
Kwaye oku sigqibile. Ndiyathemba ukuba ufunde lukhulu malunga nokusasaza ipollin kunye nokuvotela izinambuzane.