Sihlala sicinga ukuba izityalo zizimele, ukuba zinokukhanya, amanzi kunye nomhlaba ziya kulunga. Ayikho enye into engaphaya enyanisweni. Kulo naliphi na ihlathi, ihlathi, okanye kumhlaba wegadi, kukho ii-microorganisms, ubukhulu becala, ezigqiba ukuba zingakwazi ukufikelela kuthotho lwezondlo. Kwaye kungenxa yokuba ngaphandle kwazo izinto eziphilayo zinokuthatha ixesha elide ukubola.
Iibhaktheriya, i-fungi kunye neentsholongwane zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwizityalo: kwezinye iimeko zibanceda ukuba bafake i-nitrogen, isondlo esibalulekileyo sokuba bakhule; kwezinye, zivumela imbewu yazo ukuba intshule; yaye kwanakwiimeko ezithile, zibagcina bomelele yaye besempilweni entle. Kwaye kukuba ngaphandle kwee-microorganisms zomhlaba, ihlabathi esiphila kulo liya kwahluka kakhulu. Kodwa, Ziintoni kwaye singazitsala njani egadini ukuze zibukeke zintle kwaye zisempilweni?
Ziziphi iintsholongwane zomhlaba?
Umfanekiso – Wikimedia/Whitney Cranshaw // Rhizobium nodules ezingcanjini.
Xa bethetha nathi malunga iintsholongwane, umngundo okanye ibhaktheriya sidla ngokucinga ngabo ngokungathi baziintshaba. Izizathu azisweli: kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu kuye kwafuneka silwe nezi microorganisms ngamaxesha amaninzi, kwaye izazinzulu zithi kuya kufuneka siqhubeke sisenza njalo, kwaye ngubani owaziyo ukuba rhoqo, ukuba asiyeki ukugawula amahlathi kunye nokwenzakalisa. iplanethi. Kodwa masingaze siphambuke.
Ngendlela efanayo ukuba kukho iibhaktheriya eziluncedo emzimbeni wethu ezisinceda, umzekelo, ukugaya ukutya, kwaye kukho ezinye ezibangela izifo xa ziphuma ekulawuleni, kukho ii-microorganisms ezilungileyo kunye ezimbi kwizityalo. Ezinye zezona ziluncedo kwizityalo:
- I-Rhizobium: yintsholongwane enceda ukulungisa initrogen emhlabeni, ivumela iingcambu ukuba ziyilahle.
- i-rhizoctonia: yingunda ngaphandle kwayo iiorchids azinakuntshula.
- White clover cryptic virus (WCCV)): le yintsholongwane ethi, xa kukho i-nitrogen ephezulu kakhulu, inqanda i-clover ekuphuhliseni amaqhuqhuva alungisa esi sondlo, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela ukuba ingachithi amandla.
Kwaye ukuba sifuna ukwazi ukuba zeziphi ezibangela umonakalo, siya kufumanisa ukuba zininzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba iintsholongwane eziyingozi ziye zaphononongwa ngaphezu kwezo ziluncedo. Ngoko ke, kulula ukukhumbula amagama abo:
- I-Phytopthora: yi-oomycete (efana ne-fungus) ehlala emhlabeni, kwaye ibangela ukufa kweengcambu. Olunye ulwazi
- Pseudomonas syringae: yintsholongwane echaphazela izityalo ezininzi, ibangela ukubonakala kwamabala amdaka okanye amnyama emagqabini.
- i-puccinia iigramini (umhlwa): Yifungus ebangela ukubonakala kwamaqhuma amancinci amancinci okanye amachaphaza, anesimo esingaphezulu okanye esincinci, emagqabini okanye emzimbeni wezityalo. Olunye ulwazi.
- Intsholongwane yeTomato wilt (TSWY): Yintsholongwane echaphazela kakhulu iitumato, kodwa inokonakalisa nezinye ezifana nepepile. Ibangela ukuba iziqhamo zibenamachokoza arawndi kumphezulu wawo wonke, kwaye amagqabi ajike abe tyheli kunye/okanye abe nesiphene. Olunye ulwazi
Sinokutsala njani iimicroorganisms emhlabeni?
Umfanekiso – Wikimedia/Andrey Korzun
Umhlaba otyebileyo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji yinto endicinga ukuba sonke kufuneka sijonge kuyo xa siyila igadi. Ngoba? Kuba kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukuba izityalo zibe nezinambuzane kunye/okanye izifo. Kwaye oko kuyasinceda nathi, kuba kusivumela ukuba songe imali kwiimveliso zokulwa nazo. Ngoko sinokwenza ntoni ukuze sibatsale?
Ewe, nangona ndiza kukunika iingcebiso, eyokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu yile:
Ukuzibophelela kulimo oluphilayo
Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezichumisi kunye nezibulali zinambuzane lolona tshaba lubi lweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba, kwaye sesinye sezizathu ezibangela ukuba zingalungeli uninzi lwezityalo. Yintoni egqithisile, Kufuneka ucinge ukuba ezi ziimveliso zeekhemikhali ezingonakalisi kuphela iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala phantsi komhlaba, kodwa zinokulimaza abo bangaphezulu kwayo..
Ngesi sizathu, ukuba sifuna ukuba nesitiya esityebileyo nesinempilo, kufuneka sigcine ibhalansi yendalo yendawo, ukunyamekela izityalo kunye neemveliso zendalo, Njenge Izichumisi zendalo (umgquba, i-guano, i-humus, njl.njl.) okanye amayeza okubulala izinambuzane agunyazisiweyo kulimo oluphilayo, njenge-oyile ye-neem okanye umhlaba we-diatomaceous, esikushiyela ividiyo ngayo:
beka eminye imithi
Kuzo zonke iimpawu zayo, imithi inomnye othanda ngakumbi, ngakumbi, ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba: kwaye loo nto kwelinye icala, iingcambu zabo zithintela ukhukuliseko, kwaye kwelinye, umthunzi wazo uzinceda zihlale kwiqondo lobushushu elipholileyo., into eza luncedo ngakumbi ngexesha lasehlotyeni.
Eyona nto ingcono kukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zifumaneke nakwiigadi ezincinci. Awundikholelwa? Jonga Oku kubhaliwe.
yenza umgquba
Ukuba ungomnye wabo balahla iintsalela zokuthena kwinkunkuma, sicebisa ukuba uyeke ukwenza njalo. Umgquba usebenza njengento enomtsalane kwii microorganisms., kuba ngabo abajongene nokubola kwamasebe, amagqabi, kunye nezinye iintsalela zezinto eziphilayo. Ukongeza, kamva kuya kusebenza ukuchumisa izityalo kunye nomyezo.
Ngoko musa ukuthandabuza ukuyilungiselela. Cofa apha ukuze wazi ukuba ngawaphi amanyathelo ekufuneka uwalandele ukwenza owakho umgquba:
Ucinga ntoni ngalo mbandela?