Iindidi zesiriyeli

Ukutya okuziinkozo kokunye kokutya okubaluleke kakhulu ehlabathini, kuba ukutya okulinywayo okunje ngesonka kulungiselelwe, kwaye ziyinxalenye yeresiphi yokutya kwezilwanyana. Ukukhula kwayo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokulula kokulima kuthetha ukuba inokuhlwayelwa phantse kuyo nayiphi na intsimi okanye imbiza.

Ngobushushu obuncinci kunye namanzi, sinokuqiniseka ukuba isivuno siya kuba sihle kakhulu. Kodwa, Zithini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya okuziinkozo? Ukubazi kuya kuba luncedo olukhulu ekwazini into oza kuyikhulisa, ke masifikelele kuyo.

Zithini iintlobo zeesiriyeli?

Zininzi iintlobo zokutya okuziinkozo, kwaye zonke zinempawu zazo nangona zifana. Babezizityalo zokuqala ukwenziwa amakhaya ngabantu kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, kwaye ngenxa yoko ukusukela ngoko baye bakwazi ukoyisa phantse wonke umhlaba.

Ke, namhlanje siyazi iintlobo ngeentlobo zokutya okuziinkozo, phakathi kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ilayisi: izityalo ezizivelisayo zinokuba zezodidi UOryza sativa, ukuba iyirayisi yaseAsia, u UOryza glaberrima ukuba ngumAfrika. Zombini zifikelela kubude obufikelela kwiisentimitha eziyi-120, kwaye zivelisa amagqabi anamagqabi. Sisithako kwiindlela zokupheka ezininzi, ezinje ngepaella okanye irayisi yaseCuba, kodwa ihlala iphakathi kokutya kwezilwanyana. Olunye ulwazi.
• Cofa: eveliswa sisityalo I-Phalaris canariensis. Ikhula ngeziqu ukuya kuthi ga kwimitha enye ubude, inamagqabi alinganayo malunga neesentimitha ezingama-1 ubude. Isetyenziswe njengesiselo (ubisi lwembewu ye-canary, okanye imbewu ye-canary evela eMexico), okanye njengokutya kwezilwanyana.
• Oats: yimbewu yoluhlu lwezityalo ezikwelo hlobo: Avena. Eyona ixhaphakileyo yile Avena sativa. Ikhula ibe yimitha enye ukuphakama. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengokutya kwemfuyo, kodwa ikwafumaneka kwezinye iibhiskiti zokutyiwa ngabantu. Olunye ulwazi.
• Irhasi: irhasi yingca yohlobo IHordeum vulgare. Iziqu zayo zifikelela kwimitha enye okanye imitha enye enesiqingatha ukuphakama. Eyona nto isetyenziswayo yile yokuvelisa iziselo ezinxilisayo, nangona iluncedo ekutyeni kwezilwanyana, ngakumbi iihagu. Olunye ulwazi.
• Rye: igama layo lezenzululwazi ngu Ingqolowa yesecale, Isiqu saso siphakathi kweesentimitha ezili-110 ne-160 ukuphakama. Ngayo wenza isonka se-rye, umgubo we-rye, kunye noonodoli bezinto zokudlala kunye nomququ wayo. Olunye ulwazi.
• Iinyembezi zikaYobhi: igama lesayensi ngu Coix lacryma jobi, kwaye yenye yeesiriyeli ezimbalwa ezingamelaniyo nengqele. Ukuphakama kwayo kumalunga nemitha enye, kwaye ine-lanceolate, amagqabi aluhlaza. Ityiwa njengesidudu, ngaphandle kwe »Lacryma-Jobi» iindidi ezineembewu ezilukhuni kakhulu kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwenza amaso.
• Umbona: yingca efikelela phakathi kwe-60 kunye ne-90 yeesentimitha ukuphakama. Amagqabi ayandisiwe, kwaye aluhlaza ngombala. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kukutya: sisithako kwiindlela zokupheka ezininzi zesaladi, umzekelo, kunye nokwenza isonka. Isetyenziswa njengokutya kwezilwanyana. Olunye ulwazi.
• UnyanaI-Millet ligama elinikwe iintlobo ngeentlobo zesiriyeli, ezinje nge IPennisetum glaucum, i IPanicum virgatum, okanye I-Setaria italica. Zezinye zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu eAsia, umzekelo kwiisuphu okanye ekwenzeni isonka.
• Amazimba: Sisityalo esilihlobo lohlobo lweSorghum esifikelela kubude be-1 ukuya kwi-3 yeemitha ukuphakama. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iziselo ezinxilisayo, kunye nokuvelisa ukutya kwezilwanyana. Olunye ulwazi.
• tef: yingca enegama lenzululwazi I-Eragrostis tef. E-Europe ayaziwa kakhulu, kodwa e-Ethiopia umzekelo iyathandwa kakhulu kuba isonka sayo sakwenziwa ngembewu: i-ínyera.
• Ingqolowa: Yimifuno yohlobo lweTriticum efikelela phakathi kwe-1 ne-3 yeemitha ukuphakama. Yenye yezona zilinywa kakhulu eNtshona amawaka eminyaka. Ngayo, isonka, iicokies, ipasta, ibhiya ziyalungiswa kwaye ziyasetyenziswa njengesiqhelo sakusasa. Olunye ulwazi.
• I-Triticale: igama layo lezenzululwazi ngu I-Triticum aestivum, kwaye sisidudu esivela emnqamlezweni phakathi kwerye nengqolowa. Isetyenziswa njengokutya.

Zeziphi ezona ngqolowa zibalulekileyo emhlabeni?

Ingqolowa, umbona kunye nerayisi. Ezi zezona zisiti zibalulekileyo zintathu ukuba sithathela ingqalelo imveliso yazo, ezizezi:

• Umbona: 1124 yezigidi zeetoni (iminyaka 2018-19).
• Ilayisi: malunga neetoni ezingama-743 (iminyaka ka-2019-20).
• Ingqolowa: 650-700 yezigidi zeetoni (iminyaka ka-2019-20).

Zikhuliswa njani iisiriyeli?

Ukukhulisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesiriyeli ngumsebenzi olula, kuba Ungayihlwayela imbewu kwiimbiza ezizodwa nge-substrate yendalo iphela (kwintengiso apha) Ngexesha lasentwasahlobo, kwaye uzigcine elangeni kwaye unkcenkceshelwe kakuhle. Uya kubona ukuba ziyantshula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zikhula kakuhle, xa nje ubona iingcambu ziphuma kwimingxunya embizeni kuya kufuneka uzityale embizeni enkulu okanye emhlabeni usenza imiqolo kwaye ishiya umgama oziisentimitha ezingama-40 phakathi kwabo.

Gcina ukhula simahla, kunye namanzi. Ngale ndlela uya kuba nakho ukonwabela isivuno esihle phambi kokuba ucinge. Ukutyala uyolo!