Imaphu (Acer)

El imephu Ngumthi, okanye ityholwana, ethi ngenxa yamagqabi ayo omthi wesundu, umbala ekwindla abawufumanayo, kunye nomthunzi omnandi obonelelwe sisithsaba sawo, uye waba sesinye sezona zityalo zidumileyo kwiigadi nakwimihlaba emimandla epholileyo. umhlaba.

Ixabiso layo lokuhombisa liphezulu kangangokuba nokuba akukho mhlaba wokutyala, abaninzi bazama ukuwukhulisa ngeembiza ... ngempumelelo.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu zemephu

Iimaphu yimithi kunye namatyholo, uninzi lwazo luyinqaba, ongowohlobo lwe-Acer. Zimalunga ne-160 iindidi ezamkelweyo ezingama-700 ezichaziweyo, kwaye zonke zizalwe eMantla, ngaphandle kwezinye ezikhula eMantla eAfrika.

Amagqabantshintshi ajongene, anomfanekiso obambeke ngesundu kuninzi lweziganeko, nangona zinokubakho iipineti, i-pinnate pinnate, kwaye ngaphandle kwe-lobes. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe ngamaqoqo, i-corymbs okanye i-umbels, kwaye i-pentameric. Isiqhamo yi-bi-samara, oko kukuthi, ii-samaras ezimbini ezidityanisiweyo ekupheleni kwembewu.

Ziyadubula ngasekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi okanye emva kwamagqabi, kwaye zinomtsalane kwiinyosi njengoko zingumthombo womungu kunye nencindi.

Iintlobo eziphambili

Ezona zaziwa kakhulu zezi:

I-Acer buergerianum

Yaziwa njenge Imephu yesithathu, ngumthi onqabileyo owinzalelwane yase China, Japan kunye ne Taiwan lonto ifikelela kubude obufikelela kwiimitha ezili-10. Amagqabi ayo achetyiwe, 3-10 x 4-6cm, luhlaza entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, kwaye bomvu ekwindla.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

Indawo yeAcer

Yaziwa njenge Imephu yelizwe, i-alciro, i-boro okanye i-maple encinci, ngumthi onqabileyo esiwufumanayo eYurophu, eAlgeria, eAsia Minor nasePersi. Ifikelela kubude beemitha ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-10. Amagqabi ayo anekalika yesundu, afumana ukubonakala kweenkwenkwezi, kwaye aluhlaza ngaphandle kokwindla xa eba mthubi.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

I-Acer freemanii

El I-Acer x freemanii ngumxube phakathi Iarcer yerum y Acer saccharin. Ngumthi ophakathi ophakathi, ikhula phakathi kweemitha ezi-6 nezili-16, kunye namagqabi aluhlaza ajika abe bomvu ekwindla.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

I-Acer monspessulanum

Yaziwa njenge Imephu yaseMontpellier, i-mundillo okanye i-enguelgue, ngumthi onqabileyo ovela kummandla weMeditera. Ifikelela kubude obuphezulu beemitha ezingama-20, kwaye ivelise amagqabi anamagqabi ajika abe bomvu ekwindla.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

acer negundo

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-maple negundo, negundo okanye i-acezintle, ngumthi onqabileyo owazalelwa eMntla Melika ifikelela kubude beemitha ezi-25. Amagqabi ayimpintshi, aqulathe amaphetshana aluhlaza ama-3, 5 okanye ama-7. Ekwindla ziba tyheli ngaphambi kokuwa.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

i-acer opalus

Yaziwa njenge Oron okanye i-asar, ngumthi oqaqambileyo wemveli kwimimandla yeentaba emazantsi nasentshona Yurophu nasemantla ntshona eAfrika. Unokufikelela kubude obuphezulu beemitha ezingama-20, kwaye amagqabi awo anamasetyana esundu, aluhlaza ngombala ajika abe tyheli ekwindla ngaphambi kokuwa.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

I-Acer garnatense

Igama layo lenzululwazi ngu I-Acer opalus subsp garnatense, kwaye sisihlahla esinqumlayo esihlala eMntla Afrika, emantla esiqithi saseMallorca nakumazantsi mpuma eIberian Peninsula. Ifikelela kubude obumalunga ne-5-6 yeemitha, kwaye amagqabi ayo anamasundu, aluhlaza kancinci ekwindla kunokuba ajike abe tyheli.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -12ºC.

Acer palmatum

Yaziwa njenge Imephu yaseJapan, Imephu yesundu yaseJapan, imephu yesundu yaseJapan okanye imephu ye-polymorphic, ngumthi okanye isihlahla esihlala eJapan naseMzantsi Korea ukuba ifikelela kubude obuphakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-10 yeemitha, kunqabile i-16m. Amagqabi abotshwe ngesundu, abomvu-mfusa entwasahlobo, aluhlaza ehlotyeni, kwaye bomvu-bomvu ekwindla.

Zintathu ii-subspecies kunye namawaka ezilimo, ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nemibala, nangona ngethamsanqa zonke ziyaxhathisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi - 18 -C.

Ii-Acer platanoides

Yaziwa njenge imephu yokwenene, Imephu yaseNorway, imephu yeplatanoid okanye imephu yaseNorway, ngumthi wemveli eYurophu, eCaucasus naseAsia Minor. Unokufikelela kubude beemitha ezingama-35, kodwa into eqhelekileyo kukuba idlula i-25m. Amagqabi asundu, aluhlaza, anombala oluhlaza nangona eba tyheli okanye mfusa (kuxhomekeke kudidi okanye isilimo) ekwindla.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

I-Acer pseudoplatanus

Yaziwa ngokuba yimephu emhlophe, ibhanana eliyinyani okanye i-sycamore maple, ngumthi onqabileyo owomileyo kumbindi nakumazantsi eYurophu, nakumazantsi mpuma e-Asiya. Unokufikelela kubude obufikelela kwiimitha ezili-30, kwaye avelise amagqabi aluhlaza ajongwe ngesundu. Ngexesha lokuwa iba mthubi okanye ibomvu.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

Iarcer yerum

Yaziwa njenge imephu ebomvuImephu ebomvu yaseMelika, imephu yaseVirginia okanye imephu yaseKhanada, ngumthi onqabileyo omthonyama kwimpuma yomNtla Melika. Ifikelela kubude obuphakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-40 yeemitha, kwaye amagqabi awo anekona ezintathu, abomvu ekwindla.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

Acer saccharin

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-maple yeshukela, i-maple yaseCanada, i-maple ye-saccharine, i-maple yesilivere, okanye i-maple emhlophe yaseMelika, ngumthi onqabileyo owazalelwa kwimpuma ye-United States nakwimpuma-mpuma yeKhanada. Ifikelela kubude beemitha ezi-20 ukuya kwezi-30, ukubanakho ukufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-40. Amagqabi asundu, abomvu krwe okanye amthubi ekwindla.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

i-acer saccharum

Yaziwa njenge iswekile maple, ngumthi wemveli kwimpuma yeUnited States ifikelela kubude obungama-20 iimitha. Amagqabi abotshwe ngesundu, aluhlaza ixesha elininzi lonyaka, ngaphandle kwakwindla xa eba mthubi ngaphambi kokuwa.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -18ºC.

Zeziphi izinto ezisetyenziswayo kwimephu?

Zizityalo ezisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

Umhlobiso

Le mithi nezihlahla zikhangeleka zintle egadini nakwimihlaba emide, ukuba nje imozulu ithambile. Zisoloko zisetyenziswa njengeziboniso ezizimeleyo, nangona zikwabonwa ngokulungelelaniswa, umzekelo, kwiihedges ezide. Ukongeza, kukho iintlobo ezithile, ezinje nge Acer palmatum, Okuxatyiswa kakhulu kwihlabathi bonsai.

ICulinario

Ngencindi ekhishwe kwifayile ye- i-acer saccharum kunye Acer saccharin (ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci kwakhona Iarcer yerum) Isiraphu yemephu iveliswa, esetyenziselwa ukwenza iilekese.

Madera

Inkuni yile Ungayisebenzisa ukwenza amalulwane aseball, ifenitshala yangaphakathi, kunye nezinye ezifana.

Uphawu lwesizwe

Sibona igqabi lemephu kwi Iflegi yaseCanada, ngokukodwa leyo i-acer saccharum.

Yintoni ukukhathalelwa kwemephu?

Ukuba unesibindi sokufumana ikopi, sicebisa ukuba uyinike le nkathalo ilandelayo:

Ubicación

Zizityalo ekufuneka zibenjalo phesheyanjengoko bafuna ukuziva ukuhamba kwamaxesha. Beka kwisithunzi esimnyama.

Umhlaba

• Jadini: uninzi lwazo lukhula kumhlaba one asidi okanye umhlaba omuncu, kodwa i I-Acer opalus subsp. garnet Ikhetha imihlaba enenkathalo, kwaye yonke ifuna imihlaba etyebileyo ngezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuhambisa amanzi kakuhle.
• Imbiza yeentyatyambo: Gcwalisa i-substrate yezityalo ezine-asidi (ngaphandle kokuba I-Acer opalus subsp. garnet, kwimeko apho kuya kuba ngcono ukusebenzisa i-substrate yendalo iphela).

Unkcenkceshelo

Abaxhathisi imbalela. Ngexesha lasehlotyeni, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwimozulu, banokufuna ukunkcenkceshelwa okungu-3 okanye ku-4 ngeveki, kwaye unyaka uphela malunga ne-2 ngeveki. Ukuba uyathandabuza, ungathandabuzi ukujonga ukufuma komhlaba, kuba amanzi agqithisileyo nawo ayabenzakalisa.

Sebenzisa amanzi emvula okanye ikalika.

Umbhalisi

Ngexesha leenyanga ezishushu kufuneka ihlawulwe ngezichumisi zendalo, ezinje iguano okanye mulch.

Ukuthena

AbayidingiKodwa ungasusa amasebe owomileyo, agulayo kwaye abuthathaka ngasekupheleni kobusika.

Ukutyala okanye ukutshintsha ixesha

En primavera, xa umngcipheko weqabaka udlulile.

Ukuba zifakwe ebhodweni, tshintshela yonke iminyaka emi-2-3.

Ukuphindaphinda

Iimaphu ziyanda ngo imbewu ekwindla-ebusika, ukusika ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nangaphaya Uluhlu entwasahlobo-ehlotyeni.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Uninzi luchasa iqabaka ukuya kuthi ga -18ºC, kodwa alunakuhlala kwindawo ezishushu. Ubuncinci, bafuna iqondo lobushushu ukuba lehle ngezantsi kweedigri ezi-0 ebusika, kodwa kwimeko enjalo, ukuze bathathe loo mbala wekwindla umangalisayo siwuthanda kakhulu, kuya kuba kuhle ukubakhulisa ngeembiza ngomxube ye-70% akadama + 30% kiryuzuna, kwaye ubakhusele kwelanga.

Ucinga ntoni ngemephu? Unayo?